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The aesthetics of educational situations

Estetyka sytuacji edukacyjnych

Author(s): Danuta Waloszek / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

In the face of increasing knowledge, fewer and fewer arguments supporting teacher’s actions can be found in philosophy and epistemology, but more in the culture. The sense of modern education is creating, not giving the news, that is why there is a need of changing a role of the teacher — Leaving the method based on introducing him into certain roles and replacing it with the method promoting the attitude to culture.The teacher should learn how to create human’s educational space — As a student defending himself against the capture, the teacher should serve its development, not only the interest of different social ranks or political classes.Situated in culture, mostly because of speech, the teacher accomplishes various aesthetics, close to postmodern forms of communication between the human and the world. I understand aesthetics, as M. Bachtin thought, not only as a sphere concerned with beauty, but as a surface of thinking about the world, acceptable behavior and complex social experience. In this context aesthetics allows analyzing forms of arranging educational situations. So basically it is the answer to the need of avoiding traps, in which modern man falls, it says how to get along with them, starting from childhood (and perhaps above all). Among educational aesthetics, reflecting the educational specifics of childhood, we can mark out: Situation of being first; Situation of being second, in the background of the role, task, and person; The triad, or a situation implicating a normative postulate „Allowing this third” to act (A play, a game, special action). Music, as Aristotle said, is an example of an integrated aesthetical educational situation supporting a child in its development.

Introduction

Wstęp

Author(s): Anna Matysiak / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Culture - economy - development

Kultura – gospodarka – rozwój

Author(s): Jerzy Hausner / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

What inequalities Poles are accepting as just?

Jakie nierówności Polacy akceptują jako sprawiedliwe?

Author(s): Witold Morawski / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Cooperation of local government units with non-governmental organizations in the process of creation public policy in environmental protection

Współdziałanie jednostek samorządu terytorialnego z organizacjami pozarządowymi w procesie kreowania polityki publicznej w ochronie środowiska

Author(s): Dorota Strus / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Writing for the Stage and Jan Dorman’s “Scenes of Writing”

Pisanie dla sceny i „sceny pisma” Jana Dormana

Author(s): Marzenna Wiśniewska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Jan Dorman; performative archive; screenplay; collage; postdramatic theatre;

Jan Dorman; the creator of the Zagłębie Chidren’s Theater in Będzin; belongs to the Polish theatre avant-garde; which includes; among others; Jerzy Grotowski and Tadeusz Kantor. He left in his archive a rich depository of life and works; which most precious part are the manuscripts of screenplays allowing for the tracing of the process of performances’ creation – from the initial ideas to the holistic stage projects. The article analyses the performative quality of Dorman’s writing for the stage; which reveals itself in the employed dramatic and theatrical strategies (including improvisation; deconstruction of texts; techniques of collage and montage; rhythmicality; play of conventions) and in the very procedure of creating screenplays and their special material form. The reflection simultaneously focuses on the themes of “scenes of writing” (Jacques Derrida); which for Dorman were constituted by the work journals which accompanied the screenplays and interwove with his personal notes. The conclusion of the reflections turns attention to the very idea of theatrical archive as a depository of documents which constitute a performative challenge for the scholars and practitioners of theatre; and as such; invite an artistic treatment.

The illness it’s the other — the pathologies of the intimacy in the young literature of the end of 20th century, on example of Simona Vinci’s narrations

Choroba to inny — patologie bliskości w młodej literaturze włoskiej końca XX wieku na przykładzie opowiadań Simony Vinci

Author(s): Barbara Kornacka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The article entitled proposes an analysis of some stories from the collection of short stories In tutti i sensi come l’amore by young Italian writer of the nineties. The analyzed texts illustrate some deep and complicated relations between pathology and love, the last one understood as feeling of two persons, desire, passion, affection, parental affection or sexual satisfaction. The analysis shows tree types of such mutual dependence: sometimes this is the relation with the loved one which may cause some illness or disorders; sometimes the passion or the desire has the nature of a disorder; and finally, the illness is an inherent, constitutive element of the emotional relationship. Simona Vinci, in her subtle narrations, indicates the deeply human, almost archetypical character of the relation of illness and love.

Below A1...: On the competences of language users at the Pre-A1 level

Mniej niż A1…, czyli o kompetencjach użytkownika języka na poziomie Pre-A1

Author(s): Iwona Janowska / Language(s): English,Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: levels of language proficiency; language activities and strategies; Council of Europe language policy; CEFR

The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages has had a significant impact on the learning and teaching of modern languages in Europe, but, above all, it has revolutionised the way language skills are assessed and has contributed to the development of language knowledge certification systems. However, it has often been the subject of criticism and controversy. Certain deficiencies, which seem to be a natural consequence of the document’s comprehensiveness and the assumed goals, have also been noticed by its authors. In 2018, The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages: learning, teaching, assessment. Companion volume with new descriptors was published. The document aims not only to improve imperfections, but above all to adapt the description of language education to the current context of language use. The authors of the publication have, among other things, set up language proficiency descriptors for areas not specified in the 2001 version of the CEFR. This is how the Pre-A1 level description was developed. It refers to the level of competence at which the learner has not yet acquired a generative capacity, but relies upon a repertoire of words and formulaic expressions. The paper’s aim is a holistic presentation of this level: the process of the creation of descriptors, as well as the description of language activities and strategies of a novice language user.

A Little Interdisciplinary Itinerary (a Case Study 1970–2020).

Małe itinerarium interdyscyplinarne (studium przypadku 1970–2020)

Author(s): Alina Nowicka-Jeżowa / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: interdisciplinarity; comparative studies; interdisciplinarity etiquette; paideia; humanitas; artes reales; nature and culture; traditional knowledge paradigm versus postmodernism; ecology

The author describes her own experiences in interdisciplinary studies, from the turn of the 1980s to the present. She outlines research concepts, from intuitive activities in the field of humanities to contemporary, more methodologically conscious approaches. She recalls conferences, publications and research projects carried out at the Faculty of Artes Liberales, which aimed to bring the humanities and life sciences together. She reflects on the reasons for the complete destruction of the primary community of sciences and arts, which existed in culture from Antiquity to the end of the early modern era. She sees them in the changes of the anthropological model, in particular in rejecting the ideal of paideia (humanitas). Finally, she presents and reflects on the propositions concerning interdisciplinary research, selected from the current status quaestionis.

In the element of a foreign word. Polyglotism and its implications in the light of Jan Potocki’s „Voyages”

W żywiole obcego słowa. Poliglotyzm i jego implikacje w świetle „Podróży” Jana Potockiego

Author(s): Maria Janoszka / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

This article dwells on Jan Potocki’s polyglotism and his remarks included in his Voyages on the interlingual and intercultural dialogue, translation as well as the possibility of understanding foreign cultures. Born in a Polish aristocratic family, raised in a French-speaking environment, an excellent example of 18th-century cosmopolitan and a savant with an insatiable desire for knowledge, Potocki seems to live in multiple cultures and times at once, using his speaking skills and vast erudition as means to a better cognizance of foreign civilizations (European as well as Eastern), their history and everyday existence. He also reflects upon the conditions facilitating communication between varied languages and traditions (not to mention epochs), as well as the alienation or a sense of non-familiarity experienced by a voyager not only in contact with radical otherness but sometimes also in the surroundings seemingly well-known, yet profoundly changed in times of revolution.

Translation — contamination — interpretation. Piotr Kochanowski’s translations in the light of modern editions of Orlando Furioso and Jerusalem Delivered

Translacja — kontaminacja — interpretacja. Przekłady Piotra Kochanowskiego w świetle współczesnych mu wydań Orlanda Szalonego i Jerozolimy wyzwolonej

Author(s): Joanna Pietrzak-Thébault / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The article presents the translations of two 16th century Italian epic poems, that is LodovicAriost’s Orlando Furioso and Torquat Tass’ Jerusalem Delivered by Piotr Kochanowski in the lightof modern editions of both works. According to a contemporary editing practice, the texts wereaccompanied by numerous paratexts: various types of comments, as well as rhymed “allegories” introducinga reader to the content of each song and constituting its interpretation. A Polish translatormade an interesting choice of an “allegory” to Ariost’s epic poem, that is the one by Lodovic Dolce.In the case of Tass’ work, however, he made use of the allegory editions by Orazio Ariost, LodovicAriost’s nephew.These rhymed texts translated by Kochanowski and published by Polish publishers as integralparts of both epic poems have been retained until recently.

Threnodies of different creeds. On literary and cultural models in a cycle of elegies by Lenart Gnoiński from 1614

Różnowiercze treny. O literackich i kulturowych wzorcach w żałobnym cyklu Lenarta Gnoińskiego z 1614 roku

Author(s): Aleksandra Oszczęda / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is the cycle of twelve lamentations written by an Arian poet andmaintained in a unique collection. In its style and layout (a series of lamentations finished witha gravestone), it refers to a model from Czarnolas, and when it comes to its content, it constitutesa polemics with Kochanowski’s attitude. Gnoiński does not share doubt expressed by the author ofTreny and does not go a long way looking for consolation after his wife’s death. His cycle, reflect‑ing the stages of mourning, closes with a declaration of an unshakeable belief in postmortal salva‑tion, and in his polemics with the Renaissance poet he refers to the Bible, congregation and ancientwriters. Quotations from the Holy Bible form a frame of a dialogue and basis of consolation. Theworldview is dictated by the collection of elegies by Tobiasz Wiszniowski while Ovidius’s Tr is t iareferred to several times determine the nature of emotions close to the author of Łzy smutne… Thetext also contains the phenomena from the area of the low culture: a popular song, rituals accompa‑nying the sites of transition or faith in a prophetic meaning of words. The article includes biographicand bibliographic findings.

A double Prz y pogrzebie rzecz A gloss for the reception of Jan Kochanowski’s prose

Dwie „rzeczy przy pogrzebie” Glosa do recepcji prozy Jana Kochanowskiego

Author(s): Maria Barłowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The author presents two pieces of evidence for the presence of Jan Kochanowski’s mournfulspeech received at the funeral of his brother Kacper, published in Fragments as Przy pogrzebie rzeczin an oratorical tradition: a record of the speeches found in manuscripts of the National Library ofPoland (BOZ 855 k. 111—111v.) and the Lithuanian State Historical Archive in Vilnius (fond 1135,opus 2/40, k. 119—120). In both cases the orations in question were noted down anonymously, onthe basis of a rhetoric pattern while the Vilnius text was subject to an inept amplification and mostprobably used at the time of a funeral ceremony. An additional argument in favour of the functioningof Kochanowski’s speech in the manuscript tradition of the Polish oratory is two funeral speechesmade by Wincenty Krukienicki, in which the quotations from Kochanowski’s exordium were used(the manuscript of the Ossoliński National Institute 647 I).

Horror in Dawid Kain’s Talidomid

Groza w opowiadaniu Talidomid Dawida Kaina

Author(s): Katarzyna Niesporek-Klanowska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Gorefikacje is the first Polish e-anthology of gore, which premiered on March30th, 2013. Extreme horror is new to Polish literature: it is only at the beginning ofits path. Making its first shy steps towards the center of the literary scene, it owes itsevolution to young authors, who first seek inspiration in works by non-Polish authors,and then – in cinematography. Gore oscillates first and foremost around macabreimages of blood, dismemberment, vivisection, abuse, killing, torture, pornography,crime, and perverse provocations. The article focuses on the opening text of theGorefikacje e-anthology – a story written by one of the most renowned contemporaryPolish horror writers, Dawid Kain. Mateusz, the protagonist of Talidomid, is a cripple.Immersed in the “Die of Death” – a mysterious online game – he realizes thatit is life that plays a game with him. Doomed, he becomes a victim of his own fate:his hatred towards others eventually turns against himself.

Capture and displacement. Strategies of engagement in the volume „Natalia ist sex. Alex ist Freiheit” by Siksa

Przechwycenie i przemieszczenie. Strategie zaangażowania w tomie „Natalia ist sex. Alex ist Freiheit” Siksy

Author(s): Monika Lubińska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Siksa; displacement; capture; engagement

The text analyses the writing and artistic strategies of capture and displacement present in Siksa’s volume Natalia ist sex. Alex ist Freiheit as well as the broader context of Aleksandra Dudczak’s stage activity. First, the author focuses on the phenomenon of the accumulation of pseudonyms, names and characters used by the artist, which are crucial for the development of the book’s protagonist. She then discusses the problem of Siksa’s reclaiming of hate speech to communicate anti-violence and anti-patriarchal content and the ways in which parody functions in the book. Both the accumulation and displacement between various pseudonyms or characters and the reclaiming of hate speech are shown as strategies of engagement with strong political overtones.

„[…] niech mi pan odpisze” O korespondencji dzieci i młodzieży z Gustawem Morcinkiem w latach 1946–1963

„[…] niech mi pan odpisze” O korespondencji dzieci i młodzieży z Gustawem Morcinkiem w latach 1946–1963

Author(s): Ewa Fonfara / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

The books on prescription, a recipe for life

Książki na receptę, recepta na życie

Author(s): Wanda Matras-Mastalerz / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Books can heal! Appropriately adjusted to reader’s age, needs and interests become animportant element of psychological strategies. They help when we carefully choose them, interest,touch and force thought and reflection. Directed reading from the earliest yearsshould be treated as a strategy of a rational investment in the future. A healing power of theword included in wise texts has been known for the time immemorial. A famous inscription“Psyches iatreion”, that is “A clinic for a soul” was hung before the entrance to the library ofRamzes II in Egyptian Teb in the 13th century BC. Bibliotherapy, as a type of a mental supportbases mainly on the usage of healing and therapeutic values of the literature (literarytherapy, fabletherapy, fairytherapy). Being at the borderline of psychology, medicine,bibliology and pedagogy, it is a kind of help when solving personal problems through directedreading. It gives stimuli for an emotional development, and brings about the enrichmentof imagination, the growth of sensitivity, and empathy, shapes attitudes, broadensvocabulary and knowledge, and is a condition of a critical development of thinking, as wellas can become an inspiration for various forms of an intellectual activity. The book can becomea solution to the problems of an every-day life for each age group of readers. A fascinatingbook allows for a better understanding of ourselves and others, gives a possibility ofa deeper “insight into ourselves” and often constitutes help in defining the sense and aim oflife. Many a time, books can support treatment, supplement a psychological help or even replacethe usage of some pharmacological medicaments. They should be used regularly, accordingto a recipe for a happy and wise life.

Elements of aesthetics in the Bible. Characterization test

Elementy estetyki w Biblii. Próba charakterystyki

Author(s): Andrzej Piotr Perzyński / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Bible; religious aesthetics; Franz Rosenzweig; 1 Maccabees; Book of Esther; Epistle of James; Parable of the King’s Wine; rabbinic writings

This paper deals with the issue of religious aesthetics in the Bible on the example of the analysis of Franz Rosenzweig’s thought, selected biblical themes and rabbinic literature. It briefly discusses Rosenzweig’s essay The Mystery of the Style of Biblical Stories. According to the author, the Bible does not cease to influence the next generations of mankind through the category of beauty. From biblical literature discussed are: 1 Maccabees, the Book of Esther, and the Letter of St. James. The rabbinic “Parable of the King’s wine” consists of comparison, symbols, metaphors and allegory, and in its metaphorical structure presents an uncomplicated secular fictional narrative. It is concluded that the religious aesthetic charm of the Old and New Testaments and rabbinic writings encourages in-depth scientific research in the perspective of Christian-Jewish dialogue and in its existential-religious and aesthetic-literary layer seems to be of great interest today.

Robert Burns in Global Culture

Robert Burns w kulturze globalnej

Author(s): Mirosława Modrzewska / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Robert Burns w tłumaczeniu; czytelnik globalny; romantyzm w odbiorze; kultura ponadnarodowa

The article discusses the phenomenon of the global reception of the poetry of Robert Burns (1759–1796). The writer is generally recognized as the national poet of Scotland, but research shows that despite the local setting of his works, his poetry and his legend are of interest to the modern reader, not only via subsequent translations, but also in the original language. Polish translators and critics of Burns notice a variety of reasons for his popularity worldwide: political, nationalist, musical, or lyrical and poetical. In comparison the earlier translations of Burns into Polish reveal a new type of bilingual reader, capable of reading in the original as well as in the language of translation. The modern reception of Burns reveals the transnational aspects of his works, the universal quality of his poetical expression, which depicts in seemingly simple language a human world that is painful but at the same time cheerful. In particular, the translations of Jerzy R.S. Hebda seem to be aimed at Polish immigrants to Britain who are acquiring a new cultural identity and for whom Burns, the rebellious freedom fighter and the lyric persona of many love songs, is a useful and powerful icon.

Procreation in Islam – Selected Problems

Prokreacja w islamie – wybrane problemy

Author(s): Katarzyna Pachniak / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

Keywords: Islam; family; family planning; abortion; in vitro; contraception

The Islamic concept of the family is a group that emerges from the unison of man and woman through a marriage contract and the children that are born of it. Children are very important in the social order. For this reason the issue of the abortion is important in this religion as well. Muslim views on it are shaped by the Muslim sacred texts: Qur’an, the Hadith, and by the opinions of religious scholars. The Quran does not directly mention intentional abortion, but there is no explicit prohibition to abort, and it depends in Islamic law on woman’s will. On the other hand, the schools of Islamic law differ in their opinions when pregnancy can be terminated.The second part of the article discusses the attitude towards abortion and contraception today, referring to the differences in the regulations of legal schools and countries.