Search results for: Divinatio in All Content

THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PATRONUS AS REPRESENTATIVE IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS

THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE PATRONUS AS REPRESENTATIVE IN CIVIL PROCEEDINGS

Author(s): Rena Van Den Bergh / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2009

Keywords: civil procedure; legal representation; law history; Roman law; patronus.

The historical development of the patronus as representative in civil proceedings. This article focuses on the position of the patron during the pre-classical period (250–27 B.C.). His role as representative and pleader in court developed from the Roman institution patronage (clientela). According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus Romulus had divided Roman citizens into two groups, patricians and plebeians, who had reciprocal rights and duties. Since most of the law was unpublished and not well-known it was especially legal assistance which was sought from the patrons by the clients who also lacked the social prestige to defend their rights. The patron had to come to the legal rescue of his client, pay his money for litigation and represent him in court, acting as legal advisor, protector and (eventually) as advocate.

KRISTINA POPOVA, BIBLIOGRAPHY

ЗА КРИСТИНА ПОПОВА, БИБЛИОГРАФИЯ

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Miscellaneous languages / Issue: 1/2015

Bibliography

Historicism and Conceptual History

Историзъм и история на понятията

Author(s): Hristo Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: Special/2007

There exist two types of usage of the term „historicism”. On the one hand this term is used as a category of the historical investigation and means a period in intellectual history, which embraces the entire 19th and the first decades of the 20th century. On the other hand „historicism” means a distinctive methodology, which in the past played leading role both in history and in humanities. Here is meant the second usage of the concept. Point of departure is the basic characteristics of historicism as methodology. Next are considered the principal features of the methodological program of „conceptual history”, developed by Reinhart Koselleck. This program is materialized in the dictionary Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe (1972 – 1997). In the conclusive part is demonstrated that between the conceptual history and the historicism exists a complex and ambiguous relation. In some respect the conceptual history can be regarded as an alternative to historicism. At the same time however it turns out that in certain sense it is a continuation of historicism.

To mirror oneself through writing (Narcissistic notes while reading Montaigne)

OGLEDATI SE PISANJEM (NARCISTIČKE BILJEŠKE UZ ČITANJE MONTAIGNEA)

Author(s): Saša Stanić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 1/2010

Keywords: writing; reading; education; knowledge; creation; subject; Michel de Montaigne; Narcissus

This paper is based on the multi-semantic potential of the word “essay”, with special emphasis on two meanings: examine and effort. Consequently, from it we can derive two mutually conditioned terms: examination and creating, both representing incompleteness and imperfection, certain perpetual delay. Furthermore, by inspecting Montaigne’s erudition as well as writing style and thought (by immersion in different texts), relationship between reading and humanistic (self)education is observed as unintentional act. In regard to the notion that (self)education implies (self)formation with text as the mediator (in broadest sense), the paper is following Montagine’s several times expressed doubt in subject’s selfsufficiency, emphasizing the question of depersonalization under the burden of quotation. It is concluded, in analogy with Foucault’s reading of Don Quixote, that Cervantes’ character is searching confirmation of the literature by the very act of living, while Montaigne’s performance of reading is the very act of living. In the last segment, the paper is contrasting Montaigne’s optimistic belief in knowledge with the apocalyptic one that Samuel Beckett emphasized in his novel Molloy – the (post)modern vision of the subject’s dispersion. Prevalent metaphor that is signifying key problems throughout the text is the image of Narcissus gazing at it own image in the water.

Thomas Aquinas on Dreams

TOMAS AKVINIETIS APIE SAPNUS

Author(s): Christoph Flüeler / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 44/2005

Keywords: dream books; revelatory dreams; corporeal cause of dreams; spiritual cause of dreams

Starting with the Freudian notice on "ancient belief" that dreams foretell the future, Christoph Flüeler runs briefly through a history of this topic, picking up as his central focus the very theory of Thomas Aquinas. Describing the medieval context of Thomas, he mentions several popular ideas on how this was viewed in some previous centuries. The fact that dream books widely known at these times might have helped the wise man Lizdeika to interpret Gediminas' Dream, what urged him to set up Vilnius as the Lithuanian capital, might be interesting for Lithuanian readers. Following Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas was a bit more sceptical about the role of dreams in foretelling the future. The philosopher himself didn't take them very seriously, stating that "it is absurd to combine the idea that the sender of such dreams should be God with the fact that those to whom he sends them are not the best and wisest, but merely people at random. <...> For the mind of such persons is not given to thinking, but, as it were, derelict, or totally vacant." It is evident that Thomas, having in mind the importance of this kind of divination in the Bible, couldn't directly follow the aristocratic arrogance of Aristotle. Flüeler provides us with thorough statistics on a number of items related to an issue in the whole corpus of Thomas Aquinas' writings. They are not numerous and, except for one philosophical notice, are present only in Thomas' commentaries on the Old and New Testament. Yet it gives us a general idea on Thomas' position. It might be summarised as following: 1. The two realms of dreams, the natural and spiritual, are clearly separated. 2. Speaking on natural dreams, he followed Aristotle and argued that they could predict the future in terms of knowing the corporal dispositions, which can evoke health or illness. 3. Distinguished from these natural dreams are dreams with a spiritual cause. The main authority here is the Bible, mainly the Old Testament. In the spiritual realm, the moral concern is mainly how to distinguish good dreams from evil dreams evoked by demons. Thomas even tries to explain the process of illumination in sleep, to explain how revelatory dreams actually happen: "Good and evil angels can reveal what they know, namely by the application of their light on the (human) imagination, in a similar way that the light of the agent intellect is applied, and from those elicit intentions in the (human) intellect." This theory is developed in the Summa Theologiae (ST I 101.3) in the famous section on angels. The idea behind this is that angels cannot speak directly to human beings, so they have to influence our imagination, which is in an ordinary natural way affected by our sensations. People who are not subject to corporal affections are better disposed to divination in sleep, and, for Thomas, this proves that chastity is a virtue.

The "Sofia Dialogues" forum on the contemporary Bulgarian condition

Форумът "Софийски диалози" за съвременната българска ситуация

Author(s): Christo Petkov Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 28/2009

Keywords: theoretical conference; Sofia Dialogues; philosophy; humanities,

The paper aims at presenting a particular scholarly initiative – a series of international theoretical conferences named Sofia Dialogues. Since 1996 within the framework of this forum annual international conferences are regularly held in Sofia. The formula of the conferences was elaborated by the forum initiators and organizers Ivaylo Znepolski and Heinz Wissman and includes the personal participation of influential figures in the area of philosophy and humanities (François Furet, Juergen Habermas, Jacques Derrida, Umberto Eco, Charles Taylor, etc.) and also publishing the conference proceedings in Bulgarian and in the language of the prominent guest. The paper analyzes the way in which the conferences are diagnosing the present-day Bulgarian social, political and cultural condition. The following diagnosis has been drawn from the forum proceedings: it is a condition of an atomized, demoralized, disintegrated society, incapable of generating shared visions about the past and of formulating long-term goals for the future, hardly demonstrating interest in its own theoretical self-knowledge.

Bibliography: The Fate of Ideologies

Книгопис: Съдбата на идеологиите

Author(s): Rumelina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 06/2009

Translatability of Bulgarian culture. Bibliography

Преводимост на българската култура. Книгопис

Author(s): Rumelina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 05/2009

Geomancy as a Paradigm of Operative Rationality in the Middle Ages

Geomancy as a Paradigm of Operative Rationality in the Middle Ages

Author(s): Alessandro Palazzo / Language(s): English,Latin / Issue: 21/2015

Keywords: Geomancy; astrology; Étienne Tempier; William of Mo¬erbeke; Thomas Aquinas

The paper examines the Estimaverunt Indi, one of the medieval most relevant geomantic treatises which is currently edited in the framework of the project «Foreseeing Events and Dominating Nature: Models of Operative Rationality and the Circulation of Knowledge in the Arab, Hebrew and Latin Middle Ages». Before dealing with the treatise, however, some general issues regarding geomancy are discussed. In chapter 1, in particular, the geomantic technique is described very concisely. Chapter 2 and 3 give a few historical indications concerning its scientific status, at same time stressing its differences from astrology. Chapter 4 raises the crucial issue of the relationship of the Estimaverunt Indi with the famous Étienne Tempier’s condemnation in 1277 and proposes a solution to this question. The final chapter suggests a few working hypotheses for future research on geomancy.

The Voice and the Shame: From Impossible Narration to Narrative Possibility

La voix et la honte : De la narration impossible à la possibilité narrative

Author(s): Ion Copoeru / Language(s): French / Issue: 30/2016

Keywords: Shame; Voice; Exclusion; Destitution; Standing in for (the other).

Seeing shame as the consciousness of a person who has been rejected by the group to which she belongs, this paper aims at clarifying the experience of shame and its reversal. The two stories being discussed here are setting the marks for a passage from destitution to restitution, from impossible narration to the narrative possibility. Their main idea is that the description of the experience of shame cannot be detached from either the power of self-expression of the persons concerned, or from that of the standing in for (the other) of their peers.

Accusatorial Principal in a Roman Criminal Procedure Before quaestiones perpetuae

Zasada skargowości w rzymskim procesie karnym przed quaestiones perpetuae

Author(s): Bartosz Zalewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2016

Keywords: accusatio; accusatorial principle; quaestiones perpetuae; Roman criminal procedure;

The main object of this paper, is to present classical accusatorial procedure on the example of trial before Roman criminal courts, called quaestiones perpetuae. Roman criminal procedure in the period of late Republic, and partially in early Empire, based on the accusatorial principal, which in continental law legal orders, is associated with adversarial justice. This article consists of six parts: introduction, short description of what quaestiones perpertuae were, analysis of the objective and subjective aspects of accusation (accusatio, ius accusationis), procedure of lodging the criminal charge and summary.

Hermeneutics and Axiology. The Baudelairian Approach

Hermeneutică şi axiologie. Perspectiva baudelairiană

Author(s): Laurenţiu Hanganu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1 (23)/2016

Keywords: aesthetics; hermeneutics; modernism; axiology; politics

The article presents the formation of the modern paradigm of knowledge by emphasizing the parallelisms and similarities between the epistemic approaches of aesthetics, on the one hand, and those of the hermeneutic theories of Friedrich Schleiermacher and Wilhelm Dilthey, on the other. Taking as its departure point the literary criticism of Charles Baudelaire, the study points out the fact that the birth of aesthetics as an autonomous spiritual domain and the generalization of the hermeneutic critical method are, in fact, the two faces of the same coin – namely, the substitution of the traditional patterns of knowledge and understanding by the modern ones. In addition, the investigation confirms the assertion of Michel Foucault that the substantial change produced by Baudelaire’s literary theories and ideas cannot be properly understood without the conceptual instruments of Kant’s philosophy. The analysis is sustained by elements of the theories of modernity formulated by Michel Foucault and Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari.

Oıonomanteía in selected accounts of late antique Greek authors

Oıonomanteía w wybranych relacjach późnoantycznych greckich autorów chrześcijańskich

Author(s): Ireneusz Milewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2015

Pośród opisów praktyk pogańskich utrzymujących się w życiu codziennym późnoantycznych chrześcijan odnajdujemy relacje dotyczące wróżebnych obserwacji zachowań ptaków, praktyk okre- ślanych w greckim kręgu kulturowym terminem oıonomanteía lub też ornithomanteía. Rzymianie, którzy tę technikę dywinacyjną zapożyczyli najpewniej od Etrusków, nazywali ją auspicia ex avibus. Świat człowieka starożytności pełen był różnorakich znaków, to jedna z cech jego religijności. Czasami objawiały mu się one samoczynnie, jako omeny, w innym przypadku, by poznać wolę bogów, należało podjąć pewne działania, poddać się wróżebnym praktykom, chociażby takim jak oıonomanteía.

Faith in Omens in the Reports of Late Antiquity Christian Authors

Wiara w omeny w relacjach późnoantycznych autorów chrześcijańskich

Author(s): Ireneusz Milewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 3/2014

Keywords: Late Antiquity Christian Authors;

While describing the pagan practices in the everyday lives of Christians, late antique Christian authors signalize the strong dependency on good and ill omens. Records depicting factual omens that were believed to protect against misfortune and the methods used by a late antique Christian man to stay protected against evil after omen sightings, are juxtaposed above. Amulets were among the most popular protection methods used to shield one against bad luck. Obviously, the faith in omens was unacceptable to the antique Church that tried to eradicate the beliefs in the omen infallibility through acts of preaching or through a series of logical arguments that proved the uselessness of omens for all the baptized (christians) who should live by the commandments and not by signs.

Sämtliche Prozessreden von Marcus Tullius Cicero

Sämtliche Prozessreden von Marcus Tullius Cicero

Author(s): Gábor Hamza / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2018

Review of: Sämtliche Prozessreden von Marcus Tullius Cicero (Marcus Tullius Cicero összes perbeszédei. Fordította, jegyzetekkel ellátta és a bevezetést írta Nótári Tamás) Ins Ungarische übersetzt, mit Anmerkungen und einer Einleitung versehen von Tamás Nótári. Szeged: Lectum Verlag, 2010, 1276 S.

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE “ROMAN CORPORATION”. SOCIETAS PUBLICANORUM IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY CORPORATE LAW

THE RISE AND FALL OF THE “ROMAN CORPORATION”. SOCIETAS PUBLICANORUM IN THE CONTEXT OF CONTEMPORARY CORPORATE LAW

Author(s): Timčo Mucunski,Aleksandar Klimovski / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: Societas publicanorum; Corporate Law; Legal Entities

Historical evidence from Roman-legal sources on the existence of the publicans and their capital structures finds basis in the Republic, where their existence reached the highest level of development, and continues all the way throughout the historical development of the Empire. The height of the development of societas publicanorum is that last two centuries B.C., where it can be noted that through this institute the Roman legal system managed to develop a, considering modern standards, sophisticated capital structure with characteristics typical for a contemporary legal corporation. This paper will analyze the legal, political, social and economic conditions that lead to the rise and fall of societas publicanorum as an institute within the Roman legal system, and will put these developmental processes within the context of contemporary corporate law, where in a post-financial crisis world there are often calls for the re-structuring of how corporate law is structuralized.

The Physiologus in Balkan Cyrillic manuscripts: from textological to socio-rhetorical approach

The Physiologus in Balkan Cyrillic manuscripts: from textological to socio-rhetorical approach

Author(s): Anisava Miltenova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: Slavia Orthodoxa; florilegia; Physiologus; miscellanies of mixed content; didactic discourse; dual genre definition; hybridism;

During the last 30 years, I have collected nearly 50 mixed-content miscellanies in Bulgarian, Serbian, and Walachian-Moldavian tradition from the end of 13th to the beginning of 18th c. The core of their content is composed of a parabiblical works mainly about characters and events from the Old Testament, of short narratives, saint’s lives, miracles and so-called “sermo humilis”. The versions of Physiologus are included in a big part of this type of manuscripts. My textological comparison had shown that mixed-content miscellanies often showed evidence of a stable content – some of them include the same constituent works in the same order, regardless that the manuscripts had no obvious genetic relationship. These correspondences were sufficiently numerous and distinctive that they could not be merely fortuitous, and the only sensible interpretation was that even when the operative organizational principle was not based on independently identifiable criteria, such as the church calendar, liturgical function, or thematic considerations, mixed-content miscellanies (or, at least, portions of their contents) nonetheless fell into types. The topic of the presentation is how and why the Physiologus is included in the miscellanies and what is the result of the interactions between texts.

Puncta ex commentario Nicolai Tempelfeld de Brzeg in „Parva Naturaliaˮ: Editio Critica

Puncta ex commentario Nicolai Tempelfeld de Brzeg in „Parva Naturaliaˮ: Editio Critica

Author(s): Maciej Stanek / Language(s): English / Issue: XXIV/2018

Keywords: Puncta; Parva naturalia; Nicolas Tempelfeld of Brzeg; the University of Krakow in the 15th century

Codex BJ 1946, held in the Jagiellonian Library of Krakow, is an important source for studies on teaching in Krakow in the 15th century. The main part of its content is the so-called puncta which belong to a peculiar genre of scholastic literature noted for its extremely unelaborate form. Although little is known about puncta-commentaries from secondary literature, it seems they were written by scholars for at least three purposes. Some of them were composed in order to present a register of issues necessary for exams, playing the role of syllabuses. Another type of puncta is supposed to be a workbook and such texts were often a revised edition of a lecturer’s commentary. Finally, some texts called puncta are excerpts from other works, only slightly altered and revised by their authors. Despite differences in the purposes of their origin, all puncta have an obvious common feature: they are abbreviated and in some way revised versions of earlier works. The case of the Puncta in Parva Naturalia here was preserved in cod. BJ 1946, a fundamental text for which was a commentary by Nicolas Tempelfeld of Brzeg.

Witchcraft and Demonology – Topics, Methods and Trends in Witchcraft Research in Hungary, 2017

Witchcraft and Demonology – Topics, Methods and Trends in Witchcraft Research in Hungary, 2017

Author(s): Emese Ilyefalvi / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Keywords: Witchcraft; Hungary; Magic;

Review of: Emese Ilyefalvi - Gábor Klaniczay and Éva Pócs, eds. 2017. Witchcraft and Demonology in Hungary and Transylvania. Palgrave Historical Studies in Witchcraft and Magic. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan

The Impietas of G. Julius Caesar

Impietas G. Juliusza Cezara

Author(s): Henryk Kowalski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 16/2021

Keywords: Caesar; Roman religion; cult of leaders; impietas;civil wars;

The declining years of the Republic brought many transformations and the development of new political, social and religious ideologies. Gaius Julius Caesar was indisputably one of the greatest religious “innovators” in this period. In this context, accusations of impietas against Caesar, leveled by his adversaries, are characteristic. They can be divided into several categories:— negation of the existence of the gods: this accusation concerned Caesar’s statement during theCatilinarian trials that death brought rest rather than agony; that beyond death there was nomore worry or joy. Marcus Porcius Cato accused Caesar of the lack of belief in the afterlife andin punishment after death;— violations of the sacrosanctitas of the tribunes of the people Epidius Marullus and Caesetius Flavus, whom Caesar deprived of power;— profanatio templi, connected with the placing of the statute of the commander (Caesar) in the quadriga on the Capitoline Hill, with the globe at Caesar’s feet, and a picture bearing the inscription “To Invincible God” (Deo invicto), which was put in the Quirinus temple;— violatio luci: Caesar was accused of cutting down the “holy grove” near Marseille;— contra auspicia: Caesar was accused of ignoring the observation of the sky in 59 BCE and obnuntiatio of Bibulus;— bella impia: the main charge was that of triggering the civil war, which was explicitly called: bellum impium, scelerum, nefandum, and, furthermore, supplicationes, ovatio and triumphus were not allowed for victories;— posthumous impietas: Caesar was commemorated by special Parentalia and supplicationes, which Cicero regarded as “inexpiabiles religiones”.