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Religion und europäische Integration. Bemerkungen aus amerikanischer Sicht

Religion und europäische Integration. Bemerkungen aus amerikanischer Sicht

Author(s): Peter L. Berger / Language(s): German / Issue: 27/2004

Keywords: Religion und europäische Integration. Bemerkungen aus amerikanischer Sicht

Die Beiträge, die zum Thema »Religion und europäische Integration« in Transit Nr. 26 veröffentlicht wurden, verschaffen einen erhellenden Einblick in die Rolle, die die Religion für die Integration Europas spielt – ein Problem, das in der aktuellen Debatte über die Frage, ob die im Entwurf vorliegende Verfassung der Europäischen Union auf die Religion Bezug nehmen sollte, zum Tagesthema avanciert ist. Während die Artikel von Daniele Hervieu-Leger und David Martin einen aufschlussreichen Blick auf das Wechselspiel von Religion und Säkularität werfen, stellt der Beitrag von Charles Taylor das Thema in einen größeren theoretischen Rahmen und die sachkundigen Aufsätze von Nilüfer Göle und Bhikhu Parekh befassen sich mit der Frage, wie der Islam in das Projekt der europäischen Einheit hineinpasst. Im Folgenden habe ich nicht die Absicht, diese vorzüglichen Beiträge zu kommentieren. Vielmehr möchte ich ein paar (mehr oder weniger systematische) Anmerkungen machen, und zwar aus der Perspektive, die nun mal die meine ist: nämlich der amerikanischen. (Um dem Kanadier Taylor nicht zu nahe zu treten, müsste ich eigentlich sagen: »aus der Perspektive der Vereinigten Staaten«. In Sachen Religion und in anderen Dingen gibt es Unterschiede zwischen Kanada und den Vereinigten Staaten. Dennoch werde ich aus Stilgründen bei der gewohnten Terminologie bleiben.)

THE EMIGRATION OF THE GERMAN LITERATURE FROM ROMANIA – The return back home abroad?

EIMIGRAREA LITERATURII GERMANE DIN ROMÂNIA – Întoarcerea acasă în străinătate?

Author(s): Renate Windisch-Middendorf / Language(s): German / Issue: 01/2017

Keywords: literatura germană în şi din România; generaţia veche a născuţilor între cele două Războaie Mondiale vs. de generaţia tânără; procesul scriitorilor de la Braşov/oraşul Stalin; 1959

The essay offers a new vision about the traditions, themes and tendencies of the German literature in and from Romania (Ardeal, Banat, Bucharest) starting with the years 50’s of the 20th century until the present. We focus on the papers of the four writers: Wolf v. Aichelburg, Andreas Birkner, Georg Scherg and Hans Bergel, of the five victims of the process of the writers from Braşov from the year 1959, writers, who are less known in the western literature from the years 60’s until the years 90’s, than their younger colleagues, born after the Second World War.

COMMITMENT AGAINST THE ABSURD. A MIRROR: ALBERT CAMUS’ACTUELLES I AND II

L’ENGAGEMENT CONTRE L’ABSURDE. UN MIROIR: ACTUELLES I ET II D’ALBERT CAMUS

Author(s): Ioan Lascu / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2014

Keywords: commitment; absurd; justice; politics; morality.

The article highlights some connections between journalism and Albert Camus’ literary work, regarding the commitment against the absurd. Thefirst signs of this commitment are visible in Le Mythe de Sisyphe (TheMyth of Sisyphus) (1942) and extend until 1956 with La Chute (The Fall).The same happens with his journalistic career between 1944 and 1956;this is a characteristic feature of Camus’ whole activity. In his view, theman, the artist and the journalist are always guided according to the samemoral principles.

INGMAR BERGMAN’S THE RITE (1969): THE ACTOR-AS-ACTOR BETWEEN ANAGNORISIS AND FRAGILITY OF IDENTIFICATION

LE RITE (1969) D’INGMAR BERGMAN: L’ACTEUR-COMME-ACTEUR ENTRE L’ANAGNORISIS ET LA FRAGILITÉ DE L’IDENTIFICATION

Author(s): Alexandra Noemina Câmpean / Language(s): French / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: repetition; ritual; anagnorisis; identity; sufferance.

Ingmar Bergman’s The Rite (1969): the Actor-as-Actor between Anagnorisis and Fragility of Identification. The present paper analyses the strange identification experienced by the Bergmanian “actor-as-actor”, due to a perpetual memory of the body. We will examine the manner in which the actor who plays the role of the actor passes through a painful and disarticulated identification, originated in August Strindberg’s “radiations of the ego” (Ausstrahlungen des Ichs). Accordingly, the radiations are not only writings in the first person, but also egotistical discourse; binding the ego on the stage, the playwright’s world becomes not only a psychic experience, but also a diurnal dream lived with the eyes wide open (as in the plays The Road to Damascus and A Dream Play). Therefore, in the film The Rite (Riten, 1969, TV movie), the total and stylized actor enacts the virtue of the crime in order to re-cognize himself; in this context, the achievement of his persona confirms the thorough execution of a murder – that is to say that the actor’s visage foreshadows the melancholic soleil noir of the Universal tragedy.

Man and Woman in Literature – Being in the Mystery of Christ. The Interpretation of Jaroslav Durych’s Prose about the Relation between Man and Woman from the View of Theological Anthropology

Man and Woman in Literature – Being in the Mystery of Christ. The Interpretation of Jaroslav Durych’s Prose about the Relation between Man and Woman from the View of Theological Anthropology

Author(s): Jan Hojda / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

Keywords: Theological Anthropology; Man and Woman; Trinitarian Love; Literary Interpretation; Jaroslav Durych

In this article, we are trying to interpret the artistic expression of the relation between man and woman in the prose of a Czech writer, Jaroslav Durych (1886–1962). We highlight how Durych’s literary work portrays the mutuality between man and woman and how it grasps the question of its sense. At the same time, while regarding literature as a symbolic expression of human way of being, we want to enter into dialog with this literary quest and formulate a theological answer to it. The theological starting point of our approach is the idea of Trinitarian anchoring of the dual unity of man and woman. The conclusion of our interpretation is that Durych’s prose illustrates the journey of male and female mutuality as a journey of human transcendence and as a moment of a new determination of man in the mystery of unconditional love. In this way, Durych refers not only to the nuptial mystery of man and woman but also to its grounding in the mystery of Christ.

Hybridity Maintained, Reduced, Abolished and Redefined: The Czech Graphic Novel Alois Nebel (Jaroslav Rudiš, Jaromír 99, 2006) in Polish and German

Hybridity Maintained, Reduced, Abolished and Redefined: The Czech Graphic Novel Alois Nebel (Jaroslav Rudiš, Jaromír 99, 2006) in Polish and German

Author(s): Brigitte Schultze / Language(s): English / Issue: 7/2016

Keywords: comparative literature; translation studies; intermediality; Graphic Novel; hybrid constellations in Middle Europe; Jaroslav Rudiš; Jaromír Švejdík

This study is devoted to comparative analysis of hybridity in Jaroslav Rudiš’s and Jaromír Švejdík’s Graphic Novel Alois Nebel – the trilogy in book-form, 2006 (2011) – and the Polish and German translations. The basic forms of hybridity are intermedial (picture and text) hybridity, linguistic hybridity (given by elements of German, Russian, English, Polish and Slovak together with Czech main text), graphic hybridity (between Latin and Cyrillic script, printed and hand-written characters), and hybridity of discourse (interpersonal communication, telling, personal reflection, non-fiction text etc.). While the Polish text – privileged by translation between two West Slavic languages – maintains most of the cases of hybridity, the German translation chooses more deviation, e.g. by occasionally eliminating pieces of text. Further cases of interest are cult-status and context and aesthetic markers transculturally accessible, but also detail only to be taken in by Czechs.

THE RELATION TEXT-PICTURE IN BIRGIT WEYHE’S GRAPHIC NOVEL KERMESSE AU PARADIS

LA RELATION TEXTE-IMAGE DANS LE ROMAN GRAPHIQUE KERMESSE AU PARADIS DE BIRGIT WEYHE

Author(s): Nathalie Schnitzer / Language(s): French / Issue: 3/2017

Keywords: graphic novel; picture; implied; connotation; undertone; linguistics.

The Relation Text-Picture in Birgit Weyhe’s Graphic Novel Kermesse au paradis. Graphic novels are a great success in Germany since the beginning of the 1990s. This paper focuses on the work of a representative of this new generation of authors who are contributing to the renewal of the genre in Germany. The reflexion concerns the complex relationships between text and picture in Kermesse au paradis. Although graphic novels are traditionally perceived as easy readings, intended to a young audience or lay readers, the analysis of the corpus shows that this is not true as far as Birgit Weyhe is concerned. In Kermesse au paradis, the picture is not intended to facilitate verbal comprehension, but to enrich it, whether by strengthening the implied dimension which is already noticeable in the text or by redirecting the interpretation and by raising contents which would not have been understandable without the associated images.

Ianus Bifronos

Ianus Bifronos

Author(s): Patricia Tașcău / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 18/2017

The starting point of my work is represented by three of Lucian Blaga’s plays: Daria, Ivanca and Tulburarea apelor. They treat three important cores in the author’s dramaturgy: the duality, Empedocles’ theory, and the symbolism of the human body. These cores are seen through the perspective of the secondary characters that either help the axial character or block him. In fact, these texts show the importance of the exterior in shaping the interior.

Charlotte Delbo' s novel "Convoy to Auschwitz" and the regained memory of the Deportation

"Le convoi du 24 janvier" de Charlotte Delbo et la mémoire ressuscitée de la Déportation

Author(s): Beata Kędzia-Klebeko / Language(s): French / Issue: 10/2016

Keywords: Holocaust literature; historical memory; testimony

The novel Convoy to Auschwitz, a testimony of the concentration camp experiences of a famous French writer Charlotte Delbo appeared in France in 1966. This book expresses the author's ethical position, who admits that the language of literature is capable to express even those human experiences which seemed inexpressible or inexplicable. The novel Convoy to Auschwitz is a biographical account of the daily lives of 230 women who were deported from France to the concentration camp in Auschwitz. The author attempts to protect and preserve for the posterity the lives of silent female heroes who were doomed to die in the camp appalling living conditions because of their nationality, political views or race. The memory of them requires a written testimony because of passing time, insensitivity to the past of subsequent generations, and also because of possible free interpretations of history.

TWO ALMOST GREAT NOVELS, ITEM: CURSED

DVA ROMÁNY TÉMŠŘ VELIKÉ, ITEM: PROKLETÉ

Author(s): Vladimír Novotný / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 4/2017

Keywords: Czech literature of the turn of the 20th and the 21st century; national literature; mediocracy; cult of the reader; “cursed” novels; Eugen Liška; Pavel Rejchrt; Petr Koudelka

Nowadays, mediocracy focuses on propaganda of chosen writers and their titles, while other works of fiction vanish from cultural memory, although they could be significant or unjustly omitted texts of contemporary national literature. In the Czech prose, we could perceive a novelist and feuilletonist Petr Koudelka (born 1942) as being a part of this ostracism. A common device of his novels is an intentional “distinction”, and so they are – put hyperbolically – “cursed”.

Goll and Witkacy: between expresionism and surrealism

Goll et Witkacy : entre l’expressionnisme et le surréalisme

Author(s): Tomasz Kaczmarek / Language(s): French / Issue: 9/2014

Keywords: Yvan Goll; Witkacy; theatrical aesthetics; expressionism; surrealism

Studying works, especially theoretical texts of Yvan Goll and Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz it is difficult not to pay attention to many common points between these two great creators of the theatre. Supposing the Pole knew beyond a reasonable doubt surrealism and many other “isms” prevailing in Europe in the first decades of the twentieth century, it is quite sure that the Alsatian with Jewish origins did not have the opportunity to get acquainted with the achievements of the initiator of the Pure Form. Nevertheless, they both created the two similar, but slightly different from each other, theatrical aesthetics, which constitute a part of the Great Theatre Reform and they did it at the same time. Although these two strong artistic personalities did not know each other, they have developed an analogous innovative formula of expression, created in the crucible of multiculturalism, which at that time was the avant-garde Europe.

Cris des cœurs by Jean-Victor Pellerin, as an exemple of hybrid play

Cris des cœurs de Jean-Victor Pellerin, exemple d’une pièce hybride

Author(s): Tomasz Kaczmarek / Language(s): French / Issue: 6/2016

Keywords: Jean-Victor Pellerin; hybrid; tableau; expressionism; character

Cris des cœurs by Jean-Victor Pellerin consists of the three parts, each of them corresponds to a different genre: melodrama, tragedy and misterium. Rejecting the reality, the writer resignes also from the scene’s materiality what leads him as a consequence to the deconstruction of the space-time’s categories. Traditional drama’s division on act and scenes is replaced by the loose images (tableaux) where the dreamy visions mingle with reality. Puting the pressure on oniric dimension of a play, the playwright prepares the area for a break of characters who moving in a hostile and an unspecified world without the laws of physics, get going in quest for the lost identity. Breaking the unity of action and psychological consistency of a character, Pellerin presents the crisis of a temporary human being, moreover by using heterogenic forms, he shows this crisis in ist best.

The Changing World. The Family and the Tribulations of History

Lumea‐n schimbare. Familia și tribulațiile istoriei

Author(s): Carmen Dărăbuş / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 19/2017

Keywords: history; love; family; adultery; sacrifice;

The condition of the family towards the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century is subjected to a series of socially related changes, which were the direct consequences of the First Wold War and the Bolshevik Revolution. Love, the key element of human nature, was meant to flourish within the boundaries of a family; otherwise it was considered adulterous and libertine. John Galsworthy’s novels, the Forsyte Saga series, and Mihail Sholokhov’s vast novel On the Quiet Don take into discussion different social and cultural milieu, the urban so- ciety of the high English bourgeoisie, on the one hand, and the rural community of the Cossacks on the Don, on the other. In both cases, marriages are carried out on the initiative of the family; the girls learn how to take care of home while men occupy the central position in society, assuming freedoms totally banned to women. Inevitably, the personal, individual plan intersects the historical one, and, consequently, family relations are under constant change.

After dusk - and without gods

Po zmierzchu – i bez bogów

Author(s): Natalia Jakubowa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 147/2018

Tekst Natalii Jakubowej jest krytyczną analizą inscenizacji „Die Ring-Trilogie” z Theater an der Wien, powstałej na podstawie „Pierścienia Nibelungów” Richarda Wagnera. W spektaklu części tetralogii zostały przemieszane, co według Jakubowej ma wywołać efekt wyobcowania i zmusić widza do refleksji. Autorka opisuje przebieg przedstawienia, podkreślając wagę rezygnacji z meta-fabuły, czyli wyjaśniania tego, co się dzieje na ziemi, poprzez to, co się dzieje na Olimpie. Jakubowa wskazuje mocne i słabe strony koncepcji Tatjany Gürbaci, przede wszystkim polemizując ze sposobem przedstawienia postaci Brünhildy.

WRITING AS INNER PILGRIMAGE: PIERRE LOTI AND HIS TRAVELS TO THE HOLY LAND

L’ÉCRITURE COMME PÉLERINAGE INTÉRIEUR: PIERRE LOTI ET LES VOYAGES EN TERRE SAINTE

Author(s): Lorella MARTINELLI / Language(s): French / Issue: 24/2018

Keywords: travel; exploration; pilgrimage; Holy Land

Pierre Loti’s travels can be considered as real moments of exploration and/or initiation: indeed, in the variety of the historical landscapes he visited, and in the dynamic and manifold cultures and institutions he encountered, we can distinguish archetypical and anthropological values. If it is possible to trace a thematic uniformity and a sort of narrative dialogism in the narratives that go from Aziayadé to Madame Chrysantème, in the works written between 1890 and 1900 the plot increasingly assumes the form of a report, as in the novels Le Désert, Jérusalem and La Galilée. Even though these narratives have been neglected by the critics, they are extremely useful to reveal the emblematic moments of his life in the topographies of the East.

Memory, Oblivion and Search for the Truth in Hédi Bouraoui’s Poems and Novels

Mémoire, oubli et quête de vérité dans l’écriture poétique et romanesque de Hédi Bouraoui

Author(s): Atamena Abdelmalik / Language(s): French / Issue: 22/2018

Keywords: memory; oblivion; return; history; Hédi Bouraoui;

Our article attempts to reveal, through the analysis of Hédi Bouraoui’s writing, the active work of memory and oblivion. How do memory and oblivion relate to each other? How do the author’s individual recollections and the collective historical memory meet to bring the past back to the foreground? How do Bouraoui’s literary works reflect Lethe’s mythical creativity that testifies to the existential quest for the truth (aletheia)? Inspired by these questions, we shall try to shed some light on the notion of return, which consists in forgetting the present for the benefit of the distant past, in order to ensure, through introspection and a retrospective and regressive gaze, the return – to oneself and to the other – by means of the artistic creation. This aim requires a close focus on the notions of memory and oblivion themselves: rather than considering them as opposites, we suggest to understand them in the light of the return and the quest for the truth. This would allow us to define the framework of our approach and its validity.

«ASHES AND SNOW». LA SAGESSE DU MONDE PAR GREGORY COLBERT

«ASHES AND SNOW». LA SAGESSE DU MONDE PAR GREGORY COLBERT

Author(s): Florentina Heroiu / Language(s): English / Issue: 02/2008

Keywords: Gregory Colbert;

Gregory Colbert (born in 1960) is an unusual and singular Canadian filmmaker and photographer. If you have not heard of Colbert before, you are hardly alone. Look at this movie, the power of the images comes less from their recognized beauty than from the way they envelop the viewer in their mood… They are simply windows to a world in which silence and patience govern time. Colbert has faith in that living nature does not have a style, but it has a voice and soul. Ashes and Snow? It is a bestiary, is a description of man's emotional relationship with nature and the wonders of nature. For the Egyptians it would be the falcons, for the Mayans - the jaguars, the elephants would be for the Indians, for the Native Americans Indians it would be the eagle and the buffalo. Every culture had a bestiary, and this culture has not an iota. Ashes and Snow is the world in which man and animals peacefully co-exist, living in each other’s dreams and presents a marvelous vision that transcends time and place…

ON THE BORDERS OF THE FANTASTIC AND SCIENCE FICTION: THE VAMPIRE IN ALAIN DORÉMIEUX’S SHORT STORIES

AUX CONFINS DU FANTASTIQUE ET DE LA SCIENCE-FICTION : LE VAMPIRE DANS LE RÉCIT D’ALAIN DORÉMIEUX

Author(s): Katarzyna Gadomska / Language(s): French / Issue: 17/2018

Keywords: imaginary; fantastic literature; science-fiction; motif; vampire;

Alain Dorémieux is one of the masters of the fantastic, the peculiar and science fiction in France. Even though all these genres belong to the imaginary, their internal logic and their poetics are antagonistic. However, most of the French writer’s short stories and novels are characterized by the deletion of generic borders, a kind of generic porosity: in his oeuvre, Dorémieux unites and hybridizes these contradictory types of poetics. This article aims to analyze the phenomenon in question and focuses on a motif that is considered typically fantastic: the vampire. Dorémieux’s approach to this element exceeds the clichés of the fantastic. The textual corpus includes two representative short stories: L’Habitant des étoiles and Fugue. The study is based on theoretical works of R. Bozzetto, R. Cailllois, L. Vax, J. Malrieu, N. Prince and other critics.

FROM THE INNER MONOLOGUE (ION BIBERI) TO THE AUTHENTICITY OF EROS (FELIX ADERCA)

FROM THE INNER MONOLOGUE (ION BIBERI) TO THE AUTHENTICITY OF EROS (FELIX ADERCA)

Author(s): Alina-Mariana Stîngă / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 15/2018

Keywords: authenticity; eros; thanatos; inner monologue; involuntary memory; diary;

The mirage of authenticity defined the literary trajectory of the new generation of interwar writers, and Dr. Ion Biberi or journalist Felix Aderca was no exception. Interested in polling the subconscious and transposing its manifestations in the most faithful way, the two culture people recognized the primacy of inner life, seeking ways to allow "the transcription" of the subconscious into the pages of their own works. Ion Biberi expressed his spiritual and cultural commitment in studies such as Thanatos (1936) or Eros (1974), trying to outline the two limits of humanity. Coincidence or not, or as a consequence of the common interwar literary principles, the work of a polemic spirit such as Felix Aderca appears integrated by criticism between eros and thanatos: looking for authenticity. At Ion Biberi, by love, the human being knows himself and others, but at the same time, the experience of death is also extremely important, anticipated by fear. The literary critique identifies Felix Aderca as the fiction of a literature obsessed with the idea of sexuality, as well as novels dealing with the theme of the slum or the woman’s image. Techniques such as the inner monologue or involuntary memory, the narrative in the first person, the true rendering of the feelings and thoughts of the characters, put the two writers in the aesthetics of authenticity.

FROM THE PSEUDOJURNAL TO THE SANATORIUM JOURNAL ANTON HOLBAN-MAX BLECHER

FROM THE PSEUDOJURNAL TO THE SANATORIUM JOURNAL ANTON HOLBAN-MAX BLECHER

Author(s): Alina-Mariana Stîngă / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 14/2018

Keywords: confessional literature; journal; correspondence; obsession with illness and death; reality-dream;

One of the most spectacular expression formulas of the Romanian inter-war novel is the confessional literature, felt as an "immediate" link between reality and fiction. The biographical species are classified, depending on the nature of the discourse, in memoirs, autobiography, intimate diary, autobiographical novel, biographical essay and even antimemoirs. Of these, the journal is an aesthetic formula based on the accurate recording of events and experiences, while the distance between the time of production and the written record is minimalised. For Anton Holban, the authenticity represents, beyond a new literary convention, a sine qua non condition of literary existence. The Holbanian correspondence is impregnated by the vibration of life, as the need for direct communication is revealed, whereas the obsession of death completes a tragic picture in which the characters are struggling in suffering, and their inner crawl is thoroughly analysed. Under the sign of existential tragedy there is also the work of Max Blecher, the writer who became the "great sick" of the Romanian literature. He develops in his novels an obsession of disease as a landmark of an epic universe close to surrealism. The intensity and drama of feelings place the Blecherian novels in the interwar authenticist prose.