Consumer Cooperatives in RUSSIA according to V. A. Merkulov
Cooperaţia de Consumaţie din RUSIA DUPĂ A. V. MERCULOV
Published by: EDITURA Institutului d« Arte Grafice „SAMITCA", Societate Anonimă CRAIOVA 1918
More...Published by: EDITURA Institutului d« Arte Grafice „SAMITCA", Societate Anonimă CRAIOVA 1918
More...Keywords: Ernst Moritz Arndt; German-Polish relations;
published 1848 in Leipzig by Verlags-Bureau. First pages give the text of the Leaflet, to which the author wrote this replika addressed to the German historian and writer Ernst Moritz Arndt (1769-1860) // Copy of the original print in GERMAN FRAKTURA. To be read only by readers who are familiar with this FRAKTURA font.
More...In the 5th secondary class, memoir readings are required, in connection with the special study of this literary species. In Romanian literature, there are few such productions. Among them, the most attractive are Gh. Sion's. This writer is distinguished by a special storytelling talent. His volume "Suvenire contemporane" deserves all our attention. From it we reproduce here the chapter "Emancipation of the Gypsies", an interesting story and a successful characterization, at the same time, of Romanian society in the first half of the XlXth century.
More...Keywords: EU Enlargement to South-East; Thessaloniki promis;
PUBLISHED IN SEPTEMBER 2002 BY THE CENTER FOR APPLIED POLICY RESEARCH at MUNICH UNIVERSITY. Adopting an Agenda for Southeastern enlargement would signify the progressive and balanced shift of the position of the international community and the local leadership: from stabilisation to enlargement; from international micro-management of the region to macro-management with greater local responsibilities; and from an international institutional proliferation to an integral institutional framework. The development of a flexible and informal common roof under which all current strategic objectives, actors and initiatives would be re-arranged to create dynamic synergies would be the acknowledgement of this paradigm shift. The above strategic complementarity and institutional congruence of the Southeastern enlargement process has to be consolidated in the next 2-3 years with the 2004/2005 Eastern enlargement as a deadline. // In conclusion, what may have worked reasonably well in Eastern enlargement process requires additional endeavours in the case of Southeastern enlargement due to the qualitatively and quantitatively different challenges this region poses. A consistent Agenda for Southeastern Enlargement after 2004, including the establishment of an Informal Consultation Council to provide the much-needed strategic and institutional coherence and orientation under EU leadership as well as an enhanced Stabilisation and Association Process will be needed soon, in order to secure a credible Balkan trajectory to Europe.
More...Keywords: 1920s economic crisis; Czechoslovakia and Germany; Czechoslovakia and Austria;
When Edvard Beneš, in 1931, was in office as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Czechoslovakia, he presented this Exposé to the Commissions of Foreign Affairs in both the House of Deputees and in the Senat. It has summarized his ideas about a solution of the Crises of European National Economies. The text has been published in 1931 by ORBIS-Publishing in Prague as issue 6 in the series "Sources and Documents on Contemporary Czechoslovak Hiostory"-
More...Keywords: Colonialism; Security in Europe;
When Edvard Beneš, in 1933, was still in office as Czechoslovak Minister for Foreign Affairs, he delivered this Exposé on European Collective Security to the house of Parliament in Prague as well as tot he Senat. The text was then published by ORBIS-Publisher in Pragie as issue Nr.29 in ist series „Czechoslovak Sources and Documents“
More...Keywords: Europe in the 1920s;
When the Czech historian Kamil Krofta, in 1936, was in office as Czechoslovak Minister for Foreign Affairs, he delivered this political exposé on the Future of Europe to the Commissions for Foreign Affairs in both the House of Parliament and the Senate in Prague. The text was then published by ORBIS-Publisher in Prague as issue Nr.11 in its series „Czechoslovak Sources and Documents“
More...This is a political essay written by Emil Strauss, born 1889 as son of a German-speaking Jewish family in Prague. He was active in politicsin early 20th century in the Czechoslovak / European Social-Demcratic environment. He workes as editor and journalist. He was killed in 1941 in Dachau.
More...Keywords: ethnic minorities in Europe;
This is an essay by Joseph Chmelař , published by ORBIS-Publisher in Prague and dedicated to the region near Ostrava, where the masin part of the Polish minority was living. Masaryk's principles regarding minority inegration and rights in Post-WW-I Czechoslovakia ,et with some obstacles in this special region.
More...Keywords: national minorities;
Inb the Post-WW-I and, hence, the Post-Habsburg period the question of ethnic and/or national minorities became one of the main political problems - in nearly each European State, on the Eruopean scale in general and as well in the debates of the League of Nations. This is a contribution of the Czechoslovak exppert on this topic.
More...Keywords: German minority in Czechoslovakia, Sudeten-Germans;
When the Czech historian Kamil Krofta published this essay in 1937, he was still in office as Czechoslovak Minister for Foreign Affairs.
More...Keywords: Sudeten-Crisis; Munich agreement; Occupation of Czechoslovakia;
One year before Hitler started his campaign for the destabilisation of the Czechoslovakia, the Czech Minister for Foreign Affairs, Kamil Krofta, is summarizing the international framework of Czechslovakia's situation and the unreliabilty of the Western Allies in the role of guarantees of Czechoslovak independence and territorial integrity. Krofta deliverd this Exposé on March2, 1937 in the parliament of Prague and in the Senate.
More...Keywords: Sudenten-Crisis; Munich Conference 1938;
Seven months after his first Exposé delivered in 1937 to the House of Parliament and the Prague Senate, the Czech historian Kamil Krofta made this second speech on the International Situation of Czechoslovakia facing Nazi-Germany’s campaign in the Sudeten-Crisis and the forthcoming way to the Munich conference, bringing England’s and France’s appeasement policies with Hitlers stratggies. This text was delivered to the Parliament on November 11, 1937, and published by ORBIS-Publisher as issue 23 of the series “Czechoslovak Sources and Documents”
More...Keywords: Masary; Czechoslovak Democracy;
On the basis of the usual definition of democracy as “government by the people, direct or through elected representatives”, there are not many Democracies left in Europe (1938). This little book is an attempt to examine objectively the state of democracy in the Czechoslovak Republic, to learn in how far government is by the people and for the whole people. The historical foundations of its institutions would have contributed to the study, but have been omitted for the sake of brevity except where necessary to indicate advances made under the Republic. Democracy has been considered herein, moreover, not only in its political, but also in its social and economic connotations. We shall take a glimpse at the democratization of agriculture through the land reform and cooperative credit and marketing. At democracy in education, social legislation, the relations of the several nationalities inhabiting the Republic, as well as at the status of representative government. (from the author's introduction. Text has been published in 1937 by the American Institute in Czechoslovakia.
More...Keywords: Sudeten-Germans; Sudeten-Crisis; Konrad Henlein;
During the budget debate in the Czechoslovak Parliament, the Sudeten-German Party of Konrad Henlein brought-up numerous complaints about alleged incorrect treatment of the German minority by the Czechoslovak State. ORBIS-Publisher, with this booklet, offered in German language a collection of the answers delivered in the debates by the leading ministers oft he government.
More...Keywords: Sudeten-Germans; Sudeten-Crisis; Konrad Henlein;
During the budget debate in the Czechoslovak Parliament, the Sudeten-German Party of Konrad Henlein brought-up numerous complaints about alleged incorrect treatment of the German minority by the Czechoslovak State. ORBIS-Publisher, with this booklet, offered in German, English and French languages a collection of the answers delivered in the debates by the leading ministers oft he government.
More...Keywords: Sutedetn-Germans; Konrad Henlein; Sudeten Crisis;
During the budget debate in the Czechoslovak Parliament, the Sudeten-German Party of Konrad Henlein brought-up numerous complaints about alleged incorrect treatment of the German minority by the Czechoslovak State. ORBIS-Publisher, with this booklet, offered in German, English and French languages a collection of the answers delivered in the debates by the leading ministers oft he government.
More...Keywords: Balkan Pact; Little Entente;
As long as Czechoslovakia exists, the Bohemia basin constitutes an advanced sentinel facing the North-West. Under its protection, the forces intended to bar the entrance to the Danubian countries head-on or to block by flanking action any maneuver to the east, across Poland, along the northern shore of the Black Sea or towards the South, across the Alps, against the Italian peninsula, can at leisure make their arrangements in the Danube region. With Czechoslovakia annihilated, the Danube region will be transformed into a base for German expansion in three directions: Italy, the Balkans, Poland and the U.S.S.R. (from the introduction)
More...Keywords: Seton Watson; Czech independance; Habsbourg; Bolshevism; Yoougoslavia; Wilson;
The German writer Emil Ludwig, biographer of Napoleon and Lincoln, talking in Geneva in 1927 with the English playwright Bernard Shaw about the possibility of realizing the United States of Europe, launched, during the conversation, the question of who could be the president. Shaw is told to have answered without hesitation: "I only know one, it's Masaryk". Another English writer, H.-G. Wells, called Masaryk the greatest man in Europe, placed at the most central point of the European United States.
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