Биобазирани опаковки и устойчива логистика в кръговата икономика на ЕС
Bio-Based Packaging and Sustainable Logistics in the EU Circular Economy

Author(s): Atanaska Reshetkova, Antoaneta Hristova, Desislava Kayryakova
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Transport / Logistics
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: bio-based packaging; sustainable logistics; circular economy
Summary/Abstract: Bio-based packaging is increasingly promoted as part of the EU’s transition toward a circular economy. However, its real environmental impact is shaped not only by the material itself but also by the logistics systems behind it. Recent research highlights that reusable packaging can outperform single-use formats only when return rates and reverse logistics are efficient. At the same time, consumers tend to judge sustainability by visible attributes, often ignoring upstream logistics. This paper examines how packaging material choices influence supply chain efficiency, carbon emissions, and end-of-life outcomes. It analyses EU regulatory frameworks, key lifecycle assessment challenges, and emerging evidence on consumer perceptions and participation in return systems. The findings underline the need for integrated strategies that align consumer perception, packaging innovation, and sustainable logistics infrastructure.

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