The European Cybersecurity Framework: Challenges, Legal Aspects and Regulations
The European Cybersecurity Framework: Challenges, Legal Aspects and Regulations

Author(s): Leonidas Sotiropoulos
Subject(s): Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Law and Transitional Justice, EU-Legislation
Published by: ADJURIS – International Academic Publisher
Keywords: cyber-security; NIS 2; ENISA; cyber threats;
Summary/Abstract: This article analyzes the European Union’s cybersecurity evolution, tackling the dual imperatives of fostering technological advancement and ensuring systemic resilience amid rising cyber risks. Centered on the question “How do EU legislative and institutional adaptations safeguard digital sovereignty, critical infrastructure, and cross-border coordination?”, it employs dogmatic legal analysis to evaluate supranational laws (NIS 1/2, Cyber Resilience Act, DORA), institutional upgrades (ENISA, CERT-EU), and policy innovations. The paper’s objectives are: Transitioning from fragmented policies to a unified "cyber shield"; balancing regulatory rigor with adaptive enforcement; identifying gaps in mitigating human-centric threats and cloud vulnerabilities. The article begins with cyberspace’s conceptual foundations and EU regulatory milestones. Subsequent parts dissect ENISA’s capacity-building initiatives, NIS 2’s expanded sectoral coverage, and the Cyber Solidarity Act’s crisis-response mechanisms. Case studies on ransomware and election interference highlight systemic vulnerabilities. The conclusion underscores integration (unified threat detection), innovation (AI defenses, quantum encryption), and inclusivity (global partnerships) as pillars for maintaining Europe’s leadership in ethical digital governance. By prioritizing workforce development, AI-drivensolutions, and transnational collaboration, the EU seeks to establish a global standard for a resilient cybersecurity framework.

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