Social-Political Conceptions in the Transition From the Modern Age to the Contemporary Period
Social-Political Conceptions in the Transition From the Modern Age to the Contemporary Period

Author(s): Ioan Scheau
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Political Theory, Political economy, Politics and law, Politics and society
Published by: Editura Eikon
Keywords: society; state; politics; modern age; law; contemporary period;
Summary/Abstract: This paper presents the most important socio-political conceptions in the period of transition from the Modern Age to the contemporary period: Rousseau, Leibniz, Marx and Weber. Rousseau presents his socio-political conception in the form of a logical thread: freedom – society – inequality – politics – education. The society he built is based on private property, a functional economy and quality education. Leibniz is one of the founders of the modern state, his social-political conception being a revolutionary one, long before his era. The modern state is part of a larger federation, a European one, and therefore it is a follower of international politics whose ultimate goal must be peace, seen as a world order. Starting from the economic idea that everything is a market and preoccupied with work as the center of economic life, Marx will be a fighter against inequality and poverty. Hence his struggle against capitalism and private property. The revolution will lead to the emergence of a society without private property and without social classes. Weber takes an ethical approach to the economics of modern society on a religious basis. For him, capitalism is based on ethical, religious foundations, which is actually an extension of the Protestant mentality. Basically, the basic idea of capitalism is to make as much money as possible.

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