Типологични проявления във финансирането на българските медии до 1944
Typological Manifestations in the Financing of The Bulgarian Media Until 1944

Author(s): Zdravka Konstantinova
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies
Published by: Факултет по журналистика и масова комуникация, Софийски университет „Св. Кл. Охридски”
Keywords: Bulgarian National Revival; capitalism; financing; first Bulgarian; media; typology
Summary/Abstract: The funding of media, the transparency of media ownership are directly related to the characteristics of society. The historical perspective on Bulgarian soil outlines typological manifestations of this linkage. During the Bulgarian National Revival, periodicals participated in the process of restoration of Bulgarian statehood. This is one explanation for the dominant characteristics of funding of the 107 periodicals at the time, which began their life in 1842: the dedicated financing with personal funds by journalists, who were among the leaders of the National Revival processes, the public financing by sponsors, and by civic organizations. Modern forms such as joint-stock companies also emerged. The main income was from subscriptions – often irregularly paid. During the first Bulgarian capitalism, considered up to September 9, 1944, the financing of the Bulgarian media emerged mainly in the following directions: by the state; by the parties; through for-profit newspaper enterprises; public financing through civic structures; personal funds; foreign sources (rare during the National Revival, more frequent afterward, especially in periods of crises). Processes of capital accumulation, typical of capitalism, also manifested themselves in the field of media, linking them to powerful financial flows. In contrast to the National Revival, after 1878, as modernization processes unfolded, profits from subscriptions, circulation, and advertising increased. In the period under research, we are talking about over 10,270 periodicals, the Bulgarian Telegraph Agency, the radio in Bulgaria.

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