Kantova kritika ekstremizma
Kant’s Criticism of Extremism

Author(s): Mile Babić
Subject(s): Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Early Modern Philosophy, Philosophy of Mind
Published by: Akademija Nauka i Umjetnosti Bosne i Hercegovine
Keywords: critique of speculative mind; speculative theism; speculative atheism; sense of the supernatural; death of all philosophy; practical mind;
Summary/Abstract: In the Critique of the Pure Mind, Immanuel Kant criticizes the arrogance of the speculative mind, which easily – without criticizing its own cognitive power – proves God’s existence, man’s freedom, and the immortality of the soul. Namely, the speculative mind reduced God to the highest being among beings. This anthropomorphic concept of God inevitably “corrupts religion and turns it into idolatry”. With the Critique of the Pure Mind, Kant refutes not only speculative theism but also materialism, fatalism, atheism, free-spirited unbelief, rapture, superstition, idealism, and skepticism. In his short writing “On the elegant tone in recent times raised in philosophy” he criticizes the arrogance of feelings (hunches) because philosophers of feelings have a sense of the supersensible; they do not need any concepts, because they have an oracle within them, which they can directly hear; instead of knowledge by concepts, they offer supernatural announcement or spiritual enlightenment, which is “the death of all philosophy”. Rapture turns Plato’s idea into an idol that can only be worshiped superstitiously. Kant’s great merit is that he showed that access to God is possible only from freedom, i. e. from a practical mind. The objection that Kant reduced religion to morality is largely justified.

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