Wzory kultury antycznej. Reguły zachowania starożytnych Greków i Rzymian
Patterns of ancient culture. The rules of behaviour of ancient Greeks and Romans
Contributor(s): Julia Doroszewska (Editor), Marek Job (Editor), Tomasz Sapota (Editor)
Subject(s): Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Studies of Literature
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Keywords: behaviour of ancient Greeks and Romans
Summary/Abstract: The present publication’s title alludes to the works of famous American anthropologist Ruth Benedict, who introduced the notion “pattern of culture” into cultural studies. In cultures she investigated she indicated rules of reasoning and behaviour that were specific to their participants and the influence of the said rules on the production of certain attitudes and reactions in everyday life, in addition to the ensuing development and realization of cultural norms characteristic of particular groups and societies. The term “pattern of culture” refers us to a complicated universe of norms and values that function always at two levels, of declaration and realization. Looking at norms on the former level reveils to us the existence of collective awareness of the ideal types, which are every individual’s supposed objects of pursuit. Reveiling the latter level od realization, in turn, allows us to verify the extent to which what is declared is genuinely realized and obeyed. (A fragment from the Introduction)
Series: Filologia Klasyczna
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3422-6
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-226-3421-9
- Page Count: 178
- Publication Year: 2018
- Language: Polish
Granice akceptacji: kalos kagathos vs. „inni” w świecie bogów i ludzi
Granice akceptacji: kalos kagathos vs. „inni” w świecie bogów i ludzi
(The Limits of Acceptance: kalos kagathos vs. „Others” in the World of Gods and Men)
- Author(s):Dorota Gorzelany
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:13-28
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:kalos kagathos; „others”; iconography; vase paintings; mythological figures; humans;Athens;
- Summary/Abstract:The expression kalos kagathos was used to define social norms. A citizen of Athens marked the narrow limits of accepting people who met the defined requirements. The world of myths was similarly restrictively constructed — disability or otherness became the cause for rejection, which was a procedure used as a paradigm by the mortals. These stories meshed with reality through descriptions of the heroes’ adventures with fantastic creatures, embodying unacceptable characteristics. Using the example of selected scenes from vase paintings, the article discusses the conflict of „others” in the world of the gods, the relationship between the attitudes of mythological figures and humans, as well as the iconography of the groups disparaged by Athenian citizens and the changes in the iconography of mythological scenes and everyday life, resulting from the evolution of the Athenian society’s attitudes.
- Price: 4.50 €
Jak postępować z Innym? Plautyński poradnik na wypadek spotkania Obcego
Jak postępować z Innym? Plautyński poradnik na wypadek spotkania Obcego
(Meeting the Other. Dos and Don’ts — A Plautinian Guide)
- Author(s):Patrycja Matusiak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:29-48
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:„other”; Plautus; comedy; Poenulus; Hanno;Carthage;
- Summary/Abstract:In Plautus’ comedy, titled Poenulus, there is a character of Hanno the Carthaginian. This a little bit humorous “guide” is based on the behavior of a main character — a slave Agarastocles — Milphio, and a soldier Antamenides. Their interactions with Hanno — an alien they have met — can be divided into classification (stereotypization based on a picture), adaptation (with the use of sophisticated insults, metaphors, as well as comparisons) and interaction itself (a conversation in Pseudo-Punic language). All mentioned stages provide vis comica.
- Price: 4.50 €
O łamaniu zasad — anegdota jako zjawisko karnawalizacyjne
O łamaniu zasad — anegdota jako zjawisko karnawalizacyjne
(On Breaking the Rules. The Anecdote as an Example of Carnivalization)
- Author(s):Przemysław Chudzik
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:49-58
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:anecdote; carnivalization; Bakhtin; Suetonius; Diogenes Laertius; Historia Augusta
- Summary/Abstract:The anecdote is an elusive literary form, but we can discourse it having in mind similarity of anecdote to progymnasmata, scholar literary exercises like chreia or diegema. The anecdote because of its probability (that arising from its structure and qualities) serves i.e. as argument, clarification, characterization, complement of source lackness. Anecdotal laugh and dread direct us to the ‘carnivalization effect’, term coined by Mikhail Bakhtin. During medieval and renaissance carnivals social norms were broken by turning upside down established rules. Carnivalization adapts this carnival language for literature, which means it transposes festive time of ‘topsy-turvy world’ to literary work. Anecdote is an example of such form influenced by carnivalization and in the narrative course makes an objection against an expected rule or desirable behaviour. In my discussing anecdote as carnivalized literary form I mainly use ancient biographies by Suetonius, Diogenes Laertius and biografical collection of Historia Augusta.
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Mędrzec i błazen w przestrzeni literackiego sympozjonu (na wybranych przykładach z literatury antycznej)
Mędrzec i błazen w przestrzeni literackiego sympozjonu (na wybranych przykładach z literatury antycznej)
(A Wise Man and a Jester in the Literary Symposion (based on Examples selected from Ancient Literature))
- Author(s):Monika Szczot
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:59-68
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:wise man; jester; literary symposion; Xenophon; Plutarch;Lucian;
- Summary/Abstract:The topic specific literature dedicated to ancient symposion underlines the typical features of the characters presented therein. Within the group of symposion characters, apart from the host of the feast, a physician, pair of lovers, there is also a wise man and a jester. The analysis of selected pieces by Xenophon, Plutarch and Lucian, included in the article, shows the roles played by the wise man and the jester during the feast. The jester is, for the reason of his profession, regularly featured as a comic figure, but the symposion permits the characters to go beyond their roles. Occasionally, Aristophanes, Socrates and Aesop play the role of the jester, thus, taking part in the eristic competition and creating the comic discourse. The jester and the wise man in the symposion underline the problems featured in the literary piece, make the presented world more dynamic and expose the variety of that world.
- Price: 4.50 €
Przyjaciel, towarzysz i sługa Różne wzorce relacji człowiek — zwierzę w świecie starożytnym
Przyjaciel, towarzysz i sługa Różne wzorce relacji człowiek — zwierzę w świecie starożytnym
(A Friend, a Companion and a Servant. Various Types of Human-Animal Relation in the Ancient World)
- Author(s):Ilona Szewczyk
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:69-78
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:human-animal relation; Graeco-Roman literature; Graeco-Roman art
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of various models of relationships and connections between human beings and animals in the Graeco-Roman world. The author attempts to examine the human-animal nexus in relation to the environments of everyday life, with particular reference to work, religion, entertainment and leisure. This paper charts these four themes and briefly sketches examples depicting bonds between people and animals in Graeco-Roman literature and works of art. From making friends with dogs and horses to using animals as ritual offerings, the history of the Greek and Roman people has never existed without references to animals: wild species kept in menageries, or hunted for their meat and pelts, domesticated ones that provided milk, eggs and companionship, and carefully selected immaculate individual animals, which were sacrificial gifts for the gods.
- Price: 4.50 €
Stosunek do leczenia wodą w starożytnym Rzymie
Stosunek do leczenia wodą w starożytnym Rzymie
(Attitudes towards the Use of Water for Healing in Ancient Rome)
- Author(s):Mariya Avramova
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:79-90
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:water; healing; bathing; balneotherapy; medicine;ancient Rome;
- Summary/Abstract:The medicinal properties of water and bathing were quite early recognized by ancient physicians and were extensively used in Greek medicine. Such methods of treatment were also used in Rome; however, ancient texts demonstrate that not all of them were eagerly accepted. The paper aims at showing the complex attitude towards the use of bathing for medicinal purposes in Rome. This is done through the presentation of selected literary sources and their confrontation with archaeological evidence from Roman healing spas, situated in Italy. Based on the presented information we can conclude that even though the effectiveness of bathing as a medicinal method was questioned by some, archaeological and epigraphic sources demonstrate that it was a common and frequently used healing procedure.
- Price: 4.50 €
Wybrane reguły postępowania w Wychowawcy Klemensa Aleksandryjskiego
Wybrane reguły postępowania w Wychowawcy Klemensa Aleksandryjskiego
(The selected Rules of Conduct in the Educator by Clement of Alexandria)
- Author(s):Stanisław Ciupka
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:91-101
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:rules of conduct; Educator, Clement of Alexandria
- Summary/Abstract:The article is to demonstrate that in the Christian community in the second century AD old age, by virtue of acquired experience, wisdom and knowledge, entitled to priority. In particular, it can be traced in the context of social life of Christians in the example of the privileges and responsibilities during feasts, acquisition and use of things, care for them in old age. Gray-haired people with the right intellectual-moral attitude had the privilege of teaching and education of the young generation.
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De flaminibus Dialibus tempore liberae rei publicae captis observationes aliquot
De flaminibus Dialibus tempore liberae rei publicae captis observationes aliquot
(Some Reflections on the Flamen Dialis in Republican Rome)
- Author(s):Damian Pierzak
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:103-115
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Priesthood; flamen Dialis; religion; taboo;ancient Rome;
- Summary/Abstract:One of the oldest and most curious priesthoods of ancient Rome was the flamonium Diale. The minister of Jupiter was bound by a series of religious rules which not only affected his daily life but made it difficult for him to reach the highest political offices. In the late republic this flaminate existed only until the death of L. Cornelius Merula, who killed himself in the year 87 in a rather dramatic fashion. Despite the fact that the flamen Dialis is almost entirely absent from republican sources, one is able to gather some pieces of information about the nature of the priesthood in question from later authors, above all Aulus Gellius and Plutarch. An assumption can be made that the flamen was able to either avoid some of the rules or turn them to his advantage.
- Price: 4.50 €
Realia obyczajowe w powieści Achilleusa Tatiosa
Realia obyczajowe w powieści Achilleusa Tatiosa
(The Representation of Real Customs in Achilleus Tatius` Novel)
- Author(s):Robert Krzysztof Zawadzki
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:117-131
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Greek customs; Ancient Romances; Leucippe and Clitophon; Achilleus Tatius
- Summary/Abstract:The author analyses the artistic skill of representation of Greek customs described by the author of the novel Leucippe and Clitophon, Achilleus Tatius, a representative of the so-called romance in Greek literature. The novel keeps fascinating its readers not only because of unusual and dangerous adventures of the main protagonists. In the novel the appropriate fictional world is also presented as a reconstruction of some actual events and customs of Greek everyday life such as feasts, oracles, voyages, gardens, etc. The descriptions are in harmony with the rapidity of the plot, changing mood, shades and colours of the scenery in which Leucippe and Clitophon meet their fate. The novel has acquired an opinion of being one of the best ancient romances because of its literary mastery.
- Price: 4.50 €
Obyczajowy aspekt dramatu satyrowego
Obyczajowy aspekt dramatu satyrowego
(The Moral Aspect of Satyr Plays)
- Author(s):Hanna Zalewska-Jura
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:133-142
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Greek satyr dramas; satyr plays; moral defects; civil virtues
- Summary/Abstract:The Greek satyr dramas of classical period were obviously used as a vessel to transmit parenetical contents. It seems hardly possible that the tragedians, who were at the same time the writers of satyr plays, did not seize the opportunity to attract the attention of Athenian citizens to major issues bothering their society. The moral character of the genre is attested by a number of gnomic verses preserved in the abundant indirect literary tradition. The social phenomena and attitudes mainly contested in satyr plays belonged to the moral sphere of life. In the plays featured the choruses of satyrs, who embodied various human vices, that were put in contrast to civil virtues. It was a good way to point out the vices and to ridicule them. The analysis of the preserved material shows that inertia and clumsiness, drunkenness, cowardice and lasciviousness were the most criticized weaknesses. The drama as in a distorting mirror presented and made fun of moral defects and human deficiencies. All the negative images demonstrated in the plays were supposed to make people follow and copy the positive models.
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Jak pozbawiać „czci” Atimia w starożytnych Atenach
Jak pozbawiać „czci” Atimia w starożytnych Atenach
(Atimia in Ancient Athens)
- Author(s):Jan Kucharski
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:143-160
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Atimia; disenfranchisement; Greek law; Athenian society
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper I discuss the workings of atimia, the penalty of disenfranchisement, in Classical Athens. Having briefly surveyed the substantial aspects of this form of punishment, i.e. the limitations it imposed on a person affected by it on the one hand, and the crimes and misdemeanors subject to it on the other, I proceed to examine in detail the procedural vagaries of its imposition. In conclusion, I argue that atimia was a legal and moral factor of pivotal importance in promoting socially acceptable and desirable patterns of behaviour among the citizens of Classical Athens.
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Oczy — okna: paradoks ciekawskiego spojrzenia w Plutarcha diatrybie O wścibstwie
Oczy — okna: paradoks ciekawskiego spojrzenia w Plutarcha diatrybie O wścibstwie
(Eyes as Windows. The Paradox of the Curious Gaze in Plutarch’s On Curiosity)
- Author(s):Julia Doroszewska
- Language:Polish
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies
- Page Range:163-176
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Plutarch; curiosity; inquisitiveness; eyes; windows; doors; sight; view; extramission theory; intromission theory
- Summary/Abstract:The present paper explores the role of sight (opsis) in Plutarch’s treatise On Curiosity (Peri polypragmosynēs). It is argued that the busybody (polypragmōn) is depicted by Plutarch as a spectator (theatēs) who desires to pry into the affairs of others by watching their secrets that are described as the spectacle (theama). Sight and seeing serve as a thematic preoccupation in On Curiosity, and therefore provide a complex cluster of vocabulary and phraseology concerning visual perception; apart from the numerous literal terms (such as the verbs theasthai, blepein, oran and their cognates), one finds there in abundance various suggestive metaphors, comparisons and anecdotes related to these issues, among which a particularly intriguing phenomenon is the figurative use of the house, windows and doors. The latter two play a prominent role as transitional places that lead simultaneously to and from the house interior, and this particular aspect enables comparing them to human eyes which also function as a passage to and from the soul. However, as such windows and doors may be viewed as the weak points of the house, since they are vulnerable to external influences such as someone’s curious gaze. Similarly the eyes are powerful and feeble, active and passive: the viewer, especially the meddlesome one, can penetrate and dominate the view, but the view can also reciprocally captivate the viewer and deprive him of his self-control and will. This paradox of the eye is underpinned by a blend of ancient conceptions of sight, especially by the amalgam of both the so-called extra- and intromission theories. I attempt to show that Plutarch, discussing the vice of meddlesomeness, engages in the ancient philosophical and popular discourse on sight and vision.
- Price: 4.50 €