Turkish Migration, Identity and Integration
Turkish Migration, Identity and Integration
Contributor(s): Ibrahim Sirkeci (Editor), Betül Dilara Şeker (Editor), Ali Çağlar (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, History, Social Sciences, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Gender Studies, Media studies, Geography, Regional studies, Communication studies, Sociology, Recent History (1900 till today), Theology and Religion, Islam studies, Labor relations, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Social differentiation, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Sociology of Religion, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives, Turkic languages
Published by: Transnational Press London
Keywords: France; Sweden; Turkey; Germany; migrations; immigration; culture; religion; language; communities; minorities; integration; labor relations; identity; Alevi; media; cinematography;
Summary/Abstract: Introduction – Ali Çağlar, Ibrahim Sirkeci, Betül Dilara Şeker Chapter 1: Mobilities of Turkish migrants in Europe – Steffen Pötzschke Chapter 2: Incentive to migrate and to return to home country: A comparison of Turkish, Moroccan and Egyptian cases – Yehudith Kahn and Nir Billfeld Chapter 3: Turkish refugees and their use of health and social services in London – Nilüfer Korkmaz Yaylagül, Suzan Yazıcı and George Leeson Chapter 4: A Widening immigrant – native gap. Child income and poverty in Sweden among immigrants from Turkey and the surrounding region – Björn Gustafsson and Torun ÖsterbergChapter 5: Alevis’ transnational practices and the consolidation of Alevi identity in the United Kingdom – Ayşegül Akdemir Chapter 6: Turkish teachers’ views on European identity in Belgium – Ali Faruk Yaylacı Chapter 7: Turkish women in Alsace: Language maintenance and shift in negotiating integration – Feray J. Baskin Chapter 8: From retreating to resisting: How Austrian-Turkish women deal with experiences of racism – Katharina Hametner Chapter 9: Social communication among Turkish immigrants in Belgium – Filiz Göktuna YaylacıChapter 10: Tiryaki Kukla – Smoking cessation and tobacco prevention among migrants from Turkey in Switzerland – Corina Salis Gross, Claudia Arnold and Michael Schaub Chapter 11: “Rewriting” Turkish-German cinema from the bottom-up: Turkish emigration cinema – Ömer Alkin Chapter 12: Grounded theory and transnational audience reception – Deniz Özalpman Chapter 13: Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination – Sarah Hackett Chapter 14: An Investigation on the Turkish Religious Foundation of the UK (Diyanet) – Yakup Çoştu and Feyza Ceyhan Çoştu
Series: Migration Series
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-1-910781-12-8
- Page Count: 176
- Publication Year: 2015
- Language: English
Mobilities of Turkish migrants in Europe
Mobilities of Turkish migrants in Europe
(Mobilities of Turkish migrants in Europe)
- Author(s):Steffen Pötzschke
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Evaluation research, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:11-21
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:EU; Europe; migrations; Turkish migrants; Romanians;
- Summary/Abstract:While recent studies have investigated intra-European mobility of EU citizens (Favell, 2008; Recchi & Favell, 2009) and the transnationalisation of selected European societies (Mau, 2010) the main goal of this paper is to shed light on border crossing mobility practises of Turkish migrants residing in member states of the European Union. Particularly, it is of interest to investigate whether the third-country migrant status influences the extent to which these individuals make use of the common European mobility space. To allow for an assessment of this question, their data will be contrasted with that of intra-European migrants from Romania. Existing studies, such as Neumayer (2006), clearly show the impact of visa regulations on international mobility. One of his arguments is that for citizens of most countries in the world from a practical point of view, the national passport is less important than the visa it contains (or lacks). Therefore, it could be assumed that the question of whether or not Turkish migrants reside within the Schengen area has a direct impact on their intra-European mobility. To review this issue, survey data collected both in signatory and non-signatory countries of the Schengen agreement is used in the analysis. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the data used, while the second part presents some insights in physical and non-physical mobility of Turkish migrants. The final part of this text discusses the results of regression analysis, which uses intra-European mobility as a dependent variable and, among others, country dummies, different socioeconomic characteristics and communication with individuals abroad as independent variables.
- Price: 4.50 €
Incentive to migrate and to return to home country: A comparison of Turkish, Moroccan and Egyptian cases
Incentive to migrate and to return to home country: A comparison of Turkish, Moroccan and Egyptian cases
(Incentive to migrate and to return to home country: A comparison of Turkish, Moroccan and Egyptian cases)
- Author(s):Yehudith Kahn, Nir Billfeld
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Evaluation research, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:23-34
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:EU; Europe; Turkey; Morocco; Egypt; migrations; incentives; return home;
- Summary/Abstract:Most migration models assume that migration is an irreversible and permanent decision, however, this assumption is not appropriate in the Turkish, Moroccan and Egyptian cases. Some migrants return home either because they had decided before migration to remain abroad only temporarily, or because changing circumstances led them to reverse the previous decision to permanently migrate.
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Turkish refugees and their use of health and social services in London
Turkish refugees and their use of health and social services in London
(Turkish refugees and their use of health and social services in London)
- Author(s):George W. Leeson, Nilüfer Korkmaz Yaylagül, Suzan Yazıcı
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Labor relations, International relations/trade, Welfare systems, Health and medicine and law, Migration Studies
- Page Range:35-43
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Turkey; UK; London; Turkish refugees; health and social services; labor migrations;
- Summary/Abstract:Following the Second World War, work forces in more developed countries needed labour to reconstruct and further drive their economies, and to satisfy this demand, labour was increasingly imported from less developed countries, and the phenomenon of “labour migration” was thus born. For the receiving countries, this was a simple way to meet a transitional demand for labour, and for the sending countries – one of which was Turkey – it was a way of easing off population and unemployment pressures as well as an opportunity for generating hard foreign currency for the economy. The migrant workers were expected to provide financial support to their families left behind and to invest in their home countries (see Akgunduz, 2013:195).
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A Widening immigrant – native gap. Child income and poverty in Sweden among immigrants from Turkey and the surrounding region
A Widening immigrant – native gap. Child income and poverty in Sweden among immigrants from Turkey and the surrounding region
(A Widening immigrant – native gap. Child income and poverty in Sweden among immigrants from Turkey and the surrounding region)
- Author(s):Björn Gustafsson, Torun Österberg
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Welfare systems, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Migration Studies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:45-52
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Sweden; child income; poverty; immigrants; Turkey;
- Summary/Abstract:Sweden has received immigrants from Turkey for many years. As a consequence, in 2010 there were approximately 20,000 children with a Turkish migration background have living in Sweden. That is, they are born in Sweden having at least one parent born in Sweden or are themselves born in Turkey. How is this group faring in terms of income in the households they live in? How large is relative poverty among such children? We expect to find an income gap and ask if the gap has widened over a period of one generation, and if so, we try to understand the reasons underlying such a development.
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Alevis’ transnational practices and the consolidation of Alevi identity in the United Kingdom
Alevis’ transnational practices and the consolidation of Alevi identity in the United Kingdom
(Alevis’ transnational practices and the consolidation of Alevi identity in the United Kingdom)
- Author(s):Ayşegül Akdemir
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Migration Studies, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:53-65
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:UK; Alevi; identity; immigrants; Turkey; minorities;
- Summary/Abstract:Alevi immigrants from Turkey who live in European countries have actively established associations for solidarity and for demanding democratic rights for Alevis back in Turkey. They do not only struggle for the official recognition of Alevi belief and places of worship in the host countries such as Germany, Netherlands, UK and France, where these demands can be accommodated through existing laws in the host countries, but they also strive for recognition in the host countries to set an example for desired improvements in Turkey itself and thereby transform Turkish society in such a way that Alevis’ rights are improved. Consequently Alevi demands focus on obtaining recognition “as a distinct community in a particular, nonstigmatising way” (Sökefeld, 2008, p. 17). For Alevis being recognised means both the acceptance of the distinct qualities of their belief system and also being free from stigma and discrimination due to these differences. This is described as ‘equal citizenship’ (eşit yurttaşlik) by the leaders of the Alevi movement.
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Turkish teachers’ views on European identity in Belgium
Turkish teachers’ views on European identity in Belgium
(Turkish teachers’ views on European identity in Belgium)
- Author(s):Ali Faruk Yaylacı
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Islam studies, Migration Studies, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:67-76
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Europe; identity; Belgium; Turkish teachers; migrations; European Turks; Muslim;
- Summary/Abstract:Identity, as a theoretical and phenomenological notion, has long been a part of international migration studies (Coll and Falsafi, 2009; Vertovec, 2001). Immigrant identity and belonging has also been a part of the literature on immigrant integration because immigrants’ perception of their own identity and that of the host society influence the processes of integration. Esser (as cited in Sahin, 2010) states that identity is an important dimension of social integration. It is related to an individual’s sense of belonging to a place and a community. In this process, education also has a role to play. Formal education institutions are fundamental arenas for the construction of identity. Indeed, individuals are driven through a systematic process of identity formation at school as determined by the state. In fact, the learning itself is an experience of identity. This applies to immigrants as well.They gain their perceptions of being and identity in the society during their school years. These perceptions influence their integration. Many scholars have stressed that teachers’ personal backgrounds, as well as their identities, impact on their views of teaching. Teachers bring themselves and their personalities into the classroom. The teachers’ backgrounds influence what is taught, interpretations of classroom situations and students’ behaviours, as well as pedagogical decisions (Koopmans, 1999; Mosselson, 2011; Wenger, 1998; Coll and Falsafi, 2009; Smith, 2000; White, Zion, and Kozleski, 2005). Therefore, it is critical to investigate the integration of Turkish immigrants in Europe in relation to the identity of teachers from Turkey. This study aims to shed some light on this process.
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Turkish women in Alsace: Language maintenance and shift in negotiating integration
Turkish women in Alsace: Language maintenance and shift in negotiating integration
(Turkish women in Alsace: Language maintenance and shift in negotiating integration)
- Author(s):Feray J. Baskin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Sociolinguistics, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Migration Studies, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:77-84
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:France; Alsace; Turkish women; gender; language maintenance; integration; media; culture; migration policy;
- Summary/Abstract:European political themes in the 21st century are overwhelmingly dominated by concerns about the nature of national identity, the role of Islam in democratic society, and the impact of immigrants and their descendants on the perceived cultural homogeneity among the majority of EU countries (Modood, 2013; Meer & Modood 2013; Joppke, 2007; Crul et al., 2012; Akgönül, 2009). The immigration policies of the European Union have been critical towards immigrant populations in the sense that policies have been inconsistent and heavily focused on assimilationist processes.
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From retreating to resisting: How Austrian-Turkish women deal with experiences of racism
From retreating to resisting: How Austrian-Turkish women deal with experiences of racism
(From retreating to resisting: How Austrian-Turkish women deal with experiences of racism)
- Author(s):Katharina Hametner
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Social differentiation, Migration Studies, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:85-94
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:racism; gender; Austrian-Turkish women; experiences; assimilation;
- Summary/Abstract:Recent European discourse on integration (e.g. debates about integration tests or national cultural values) focuses more and more on a societal model which understands integration not as societal participation and equality of opportunities (Alexander, 2013; Hess and Moser, 2009; Kaya, 2012) but as cultural assimilation. The markers of difference used in this hegemonial integration discourse work particularly along the axis of cultural difference, a characteristic of a (new) form of racism called “neo-racism” (Balibar, 1991) or “differential racism” (Taguieff, 2000) which focuses on cultural difference instead of biological aspects. Neo-racist arguments are based on the assumption that “cultural groups” are incompatible and xenophobia is a quasinatural attempt to protect one’s “own culture” (Balibar, 1991; Çinar, 1999; Terkessidis, 1998). Thus social categories as culture are naturalized by referring to an underlying essence – a process of psychological essentialism – and “merging different groups” appears as dangerous (Holtz & Wagner, 2009).
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Social communication among Turkish immigrants in Belgium
Social communication among Turkish immigrants in Belgium
(Social communication among Turkish immigrants in Belgium)
- Author(s):Filiz Goktuna Yaylaci
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Communication studies, Labor relations, Migration Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies
- Page Range:95-107
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Belgium; Turkish immigrants; migrations; social communication; labour force exchange; minorities;
- Summary/Abstract:Turkey signed its first immigration and labour force exchange agreement with Germany in 1961, followed by similar agreements signed with the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Austria, France and Sweden. Belgium has been one of the destinations for Turkish immigrants. According to the Turkish Embassy in Brussels a total of approximately 180,000 Turkish people live in Belgium (Turkish Embassy in Brussels, 2014). Similar to Germany, the Netherlands and France where a large volume of Turkish immigration was allowed, distinctive characteristics of Turkish immigration evident in Belgium. Turks arrived and settled in certain parts of Belgium due to family ties and networks. Half of Turkish people in Belgium live in the Dutchspeaking Flemish Region, 25 % in Brussels and 25% in the French-speaking Valloon Region (Kanmaz, 2003; Aydın and Manço, 2002).
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Tiryaki Kukla – Smoking cessation and tobacco prevention among migrants from Turkey in Switzerland
Tiryaki Kukla – Smoking cessation and tobacco prevention among migrants from Turkey in Switzerland
("Tiryaki Kukla" – Smoking cessation and tobacco prevention among migrants from Turkey in Switzerland)
- Author(s):Michael P. Schaub, Corina Salis Gross, Claudia Arnold
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Substance abuse and addiction, Health and medicine and law, Migration Studies
- Page Range:109-114
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Switzerland; Turkey; migrants; smoking cessation; tobacco prevention; “Tiryaki Kukla”;
- Summary/Abstract:As seen in other countries (e.g. for the USA see Baluja et al., 2003), some migrant populations in Switzerland show higher smoking rates than the average population. Recent results from a Swiss survey among the migrant population show significantly higher smoking prevalence rates for Turkish speaking migrants (male: 55.2% and female: 29.5%) than the Swiss population aged 14–65 years (male: 21.7% and female: 19.5%; GMM II, Guggisberg et al., 2011). Additionally, male migrants from Turkey show the highest smoking prevalence rates among the migrant population in Switzerland (ibid.). Turkish-speaking migrants are often also among the highest smoking prevalence groups in other European countries (e.g., Nierkens et al., 2006; Reese et al., 2005). Behavioral therapies in groups (Stead & Lancaster, 2005) or single sessions (Lancaster & Stead, 2005) as well as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT; Stead et al., 2008) have been effective for smoking cessation treatment. In Switzerland, such therapies are offered by several providers (e.g., Cancer League, Lung League), but according to the statements of these providers and of other experts of the Swiss tobacco prevention that we interviewed, they are not able to reach the migrant population effectively. Studies from other countries also refer to problems in reaching migrant populations and show the importance of financial access and language barriers (Burns & Fenton, 2006). Another study highlights the importance of cultural aspects (e.g., norms of the religious leaders) when offering smoking cessation treatment for Turkish migrants (Nierkens et al., 2005).
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“Rewriting” Turkish-German cinema from the bottom-up: Turkish emigration cinema
“Rewriting” Turkish-German cinema from the bottom-up: Turkish emigration cinema
(“Rewriting” Turkish-German cinema from the bottom-up: Turkish emigration cinema)
- Author(s):Ömer Alkin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Film / Cinema / Cinematography, Migration Studies, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:115-130
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Turkey; cinema; emigration cinema; Turkish-German cinema; transnationalism;
- Summary/Abstract:Films from Germany dealing with any aspect of Turkish-German migration, such as the box-office successes Fack Ju Göhte (2014) and Almanya – Welcome to Germany (2011) are often considered as “TurkishGerman cinema”. Nevertheless, what first comes to mind with this problematic term of “transnationalism” in the field of film (Higbee & Hwee, 2010) are the internationally celebrated films Head On (2004) and Edge of Heaven (2007) by Turkish-German director Fatih Akin. However, the term is to be questioned. Which parameters determine the belonging of a film to Turkish-German cinema? Is a film by a German director with Turkish migration background already a Turkish-German film due to the transcultural biographical reference of the director, even if the film does not contain any references to the social reality of Turkish migration, as it is the case in the Hollywood mystery film Premonition (2007) by director Mennan Yapo – which would be an essentialist and biologistic understanding of national cinema? For a discussion of the term it is crucial to analyse comprehensively the historical context. The fact that this does not happen becomes apparent in the marginal position of the Turkish films in the discourse regarding Turkish-German cinema. The Turkish films about emigration from the 1970’s and 80’s by Turkish directors like Serif Gören or Yavuz Figenli are not considered as a part of this transnational film history. But ‘Turkish-German film’ history has already attracted a considerable amount of academic interest (e. g. Burns, 2006, 2007, 2013, Göktürk, 2000a, 2000b, Ezli, 2009, 2010, Halft, 2011, Hake & Mennel, 2012) without really considering what the term actually refers to. I want to critique such writing because I will argue that it reproduces Eurocentrism and an epistemological one-sided-ness. Before giving arguments for a more comprehensive understanding of Turkish-German cinema, which includes Turkish emigration cinema, it is useful to understand the discussions surrounding the academic writing of the history of Turkish-German cinema first. It offers an insight into film history that can be read as a two-stage process of the appropriate representations of Turkish emigrants in Germany.
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Grounded theory and transnational audience reception
Grounded theory and transnational audience reception
(Grounded theory and transnational audience reception)
- Author(s):Deniz Özalpman
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Theology and Religion, Islam studies, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Film / Cinema / Cinematography, Migration Studies
- Page Range:131-137
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Turkey; migrations; grounded theory; transnational audience reception; media; TV series; "Magnificent Century"; Alevi culture;
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this study is to shed new light on debates about Turkish migration studies using a grounded theory (GT) method. My case study for this research is Magnificent Century, an internationally viewedand acclaimed popular television series that refers to the sixteenth century Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent associated with the pinnacle of Ottoman power in the world. The series dramatize the intrigues of his harem and court and most of the incidents and actions are based on real events and fictionalised subplots.
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Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination
Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination
(Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination)
- Author(s):Sarah Hackett
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Islam studies, Labor relations, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Migration Studies, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:139-147
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Turkey; Muslims; Germany; migrations; Bremen; industry; identity; integration;
- Summary/Abstract:Germany’s Turkish communities have long been at the centre of vibrant political, academic and public deliberations. During the guest-worker years and the family reunification period that followed, and throughout their emergence as fixed attributes on German cities’ landscapes, Turks secured a firm place in debates in a Germany that was a reluctant and hesitant country of immigration. In recent years, they have been the prime focus of discussions and reflections on integration, citizenship, multiculturalism, segregation, social cohesion and the place of Islam in Germany. On the whole, the history of Turkish migration to and subsequent settlement in Germany during the post-1960s era has conventionally been associated with economic exploitation and hardship, residential difficulties and segregation, educational underachievement, confusion, uncertainty, shortsighted political strategies and ad hoc social provisions (Herbert, 1986; Abadan-Unat, 2011). Turks have gradually come to be perceived as the ethnic minority group least likely to achieve integration into German society, and as recognizable and clear Ausländer.
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An Investigation on the Turkish Religious Foundation of the UK (Diyanet)
An Investigation on the Turkish Religious Foundation of the UK (Diyanet)
(An Investigation on the Turkish Religious Foundation of the UK (Diyanet))
- Author(s):Yakup Çoştu, Feyza Ceyhan Çoştu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Geography, Regional studies, Islam studies, Post-War period (1950 - 1989), Transformation Period (1990 - 2010), Present Times (2010 - today), Migration Studies, Sociology of Religion, Identity of Collectives
- Page Range:149-157
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:UK; Diyanet; Turkish Religious Foundation; immigration;
- Summary/Abstract:People referred to as Turkish immigrants in Britain are comprised of Turks, Kurds emanating from the borders of the Turkish Republic and Turkish Cypriots. Turkish Cypriots migration to Britain started in the 1940s following the World War II and increased throughout the 1960s (Ladbury 1977; Robins & Aksoy 2001). Turkish migration from mainland Turkey to Britain started in the early 1970s (Mehmet Ali 2001; Issa 2005). Ethnic Kurds from Turkey began to immigrate in larger numbers during the late 1980s and early 1990s, often seeking refuge and asylum status (Robins & Aksoy 2001; Atay 2006). These increasing waves of migration have resulted in a significant social and cultural presence within British society (Çoştu, 2013a).
- Price: 4.50 €
References
References
(References)
- Author(s):Author Not Specified
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Language studies, Gender Studies, Media studies, Geography, Regional studies, Communication studies, Recent History (1900 till today), Islam studies, Labor relations, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Social differentiation, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Demography and human biology, Migration Studies, Inter-Ethnic Relations, Ethnic Minorities Studies, Sociology of Religion, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives, Turkic languages
- Page Range:159-176
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:references; France; Sweden; Turkey; Germany; migrations; immigration; culture; religion; language; communities; minorities; integration; labor relations; identity; Alevi; media; cinematography;
- Price: 4.50 €