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Proceedings of the 14th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities Cover Image

Proceedings of the 14th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 14th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities

Contributor(s): Titus Corlăţean (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Criminal Law, Communication studies, Accounting - Business Administration
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: social science; humanities; conference proceedings; international conference;
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the 14th International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held at Princeton, The Erdman Center, 20 Library Place, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA, on August 19-20, 2019. The Conference was organized by Research Association for Interdisciplinary Studies.

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-24-0
  • Page Count: 234
  • Publication Year: 2019
  • Language: English
Towards Legal Empirical Macrodynamics: A Research Agenda

Towards Legal Empirical Macrodynamics: A Research Agenda
(Towards Legal Empirical Macrodynamics: A Research Agenda)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Labor relations, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:1-5
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Artificial Intelligence (AI); Behavioral Economics; Behavioral Political Economy; Big Data, Governance; Machine Learning;
  • Summary/Abstract:Legal scholarship exists since the beginnings of science. Attempts to quantify the economic consequences of legal codifications have been made in the vibrant interdisciplinary field of law and economics. The socio-economic calculus of public policies has been addressed in new public management. Behavioral economics has entered the legal scientific discourse in the emerging field of empirical legal studies backed by ample evidence of the effect of law on socio-dynamics retrieved from manifold field and laboratory experiments. Behavioral insights is the most recent Nobel Prize crowned development to understand human decision making in the legal and public fields to help civil servants and legal executives foster the socio-economic outcomes of their work. All these variant interdisciplinary approaches aim at enlightening at legal codifications’ socio-economic outcomes to improve public collectives. In all these cases, empirics derived from quantitative and qualitative research help gain inferences for legal theory building and the strengthening of public policy implementations. This article argues that the time is ripe to dare the next step in legal empirical analyses by drawing from insights retrieved from big data and algorithmic machine learning but also introduce the use of optimal control macrodynamic modelling—a methodology originating in physics that entered macroeconomics and related disciplines to quantify and optimally control economic theory and practice. Given the ongoing big data revolution and exponentially rising data transfer coupled with unprecedented computational power advancements, the means are now available—for the first time—to push for empirical legal studies embracing novel tools—such as hierarchical modelling Bayesian statistics as well as optimum control sophistications—to derive inferences on how to improve legal theory and practices in innovative ways as never before possible. On the brink of artificial intelligence (AI) entering the labor force at a large scale, legal scholarship can now adapt to the novel market opportunities with acknowledging unprecedented computational power and methodological sophistication in deriving insights from big data. Heralding a new age of legal empirical macrodynamics also serves the legal community in light of the predicted heightening demands for creativity as future valuable asset of humanoid legal practitioners and scholars in comparison to repetitive tasks likely soon being outsourced to AI and machine learning.
The Mischief of Mobile Phones as Caregivers or Babysitters for Children with Collaborative Developmental Delays

The Mischief of Mobile Phones as Caregivers or Babysitters for Children with Collaborative Developmental Delays
(The Mischief of Mobile Phones as Caregivers or Babysitters for Children with Collaborative Developmental Delays)

  • Author(s):Ravneet Chawla
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Behaviorism
  • Page Range:6-11
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Collaborative developmental delays; active learning; passive learning; mobile addiction;
  • Summary/Abstract:The boon of connectivity using mobile phones is rather a bane in most family situations. The cases related to early dependence/addiction of mobile phones with the counselors and clinicians are rising alarmingly. Giving mobile phones to children is an easy way for engaging in various applications or other visual material which stimulates and involves the tender but vulnerable minds. Managing children with delayed milestones with regard to speaking, mobility, overall body control and social participation, is very challenging for the parents, furthermore for dual working parents. The study was done to assess the damage on children up to the age of 14 years by seeking inputs from clinical psychologists, school counselors and parents of children with developmental delay (N=120) over the period of 1 month. Case reports with the clinical psychologists were analysed. Inputs of school counselors/teacher report were studied. The parents were interviewed using semi structured interview schedule. The findings showed that most of these children had more than one developmental issues. Autism cases are on the rise, including secondary symptoms in some cases. Almost all parents reporting to clinicians admitted to using mobile phones to manage these children. Instead of one to one quality time for pro-active and purposive interactions which require dedication and focused time, mobile phones were making them indulge into poor and passive learning. The intervention suggestions included weeding out the mobile phone, practicing behavioral therapies involving active learning by simple instructions, expecting responses from children and using positive reinforcement. Use of music, dance, and storytelling, narrations on a concept or theme were expected to bring positive results. Polite public policy to keep out mobile phones can bring accepted change in working with children.
Proposal of a Social Responsibility Indicator Model Based on Systems Dynamics

Proposal of a Social Responsibility Indicator Model Based on Systems Dynamics
(Proposal of a Social Responsibility Indicator Model Based on Systems Dynamics)

  • Author(s):Liliana Ruiz Acosta, David Andrés Camargo Mayorga, Mauricio Becerra Fernández
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:12-16
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:systems dynamics; social responsibility; dynamic indicators; sectors; sustainability;
  • Summary/Abstract:This document presents the advances in the construction of an indicator model based on the economic, social and environmental dimensions, which serve to measure the performance of manufacturing companies in terms of Social Responsibility (SR). To model the proposed indicator, the methodology of system dynamics using the iThink® software is used. The main reference for this construction is the work carried out by Pavláková Dočekalová and Kocmanová (2016) that proposes the Complex Performance Indicator (CPI). The sectors that make up the model are two: physical flow, which includes production, workers, innovation, marketing and machines; and information flow, which is represented in Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and in the CPI sector that calculates the consolidated indicator of the three groups (environmental, social and economic). The work contributes to the measurement of the performance of companies that engage in SR actions and shows the relationships and causalities between the sectors and indicators mentioned above.
A Review of Wagner's Law and Income Elasticity of the Government Expenditures in Iran (1985-2018)

A Review of Wagner's Law and Income Elasticity of the Government Expenditures in Iran (1985-2018)
(A Review of Wagner's Law and Income Elasticity of the Government Expenditures in Iran (1985-2018))

  • Author(s):Reza Najarzadeh
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic development
  • Page Range:17-24
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Gross Domestic Product (GDP); Wagner's Law; Government Expenditure; Vector Autoregression (VAR);
  • Summary/Abstract:Wagner's Law holds that the relative size of public sector increases with the growth of per capita income. The aim of this study is to investigate the validity of Wagner’s Law in Iran. We test the Wagner’s Law by incorporating a vector Autoregression model (VAR) and vector error correction model (VECM) for the Iranian economy using 1985-2018 health and education data. The results of the estimates show that this law holds in Iran. The elasticity of government expenditures with respect to national income must be greater than one for the Wagner’s law to hold. However, government spending on health and education have been less than expected. This could suggest that the state does not pay enough attention to health and education. One can conclude that health and education are not priorities of the government in allocating funds to these two sectors.
Formal Institutional Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Intent in Quindío (Colombia)

Formal Institutional Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Intent in Quindío (Colombia)
(Formal Institutional Factors Influencing the Entrepreneurial Intent in Quindío (Colombia))

  • Author(s):Edwin Tarapuez, Beatriz Guzmán-Díaz, Ramiro Parra-Hernández
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic development
  • Page Range:25-32
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Douglas North; entrepreneurial intent; entrepreneurship; institutionalism;
  • Summary/Abstract:The objective of this research is to analyze the formal institutional framework that influences the intention to create companies in the department of Quindío (Colombia). The study is descriptive and uses the transversal-nature non-experimental methodology. According to the structure of the project and the type of information collected, the research is mixed natured. This work involves obtaining information from two groups of sources that were chosen by convenience: fourteen public and private institutions connected to entrepreneurship in the region, to which a semi-structured questionnaire was applied, and four experts on entrepreneurship on whom an unstructured interview was applied. The research uses the theoretical institutional framework proposed by Douglas North as regards formal institutions. The findings conclude that the works by the different formal entities that support entrepreneurship in Quindío is disperse and that they are not articulated in a specialized and collaborative work scheme that fosters the achievement of a common goal to generate a positive impact of greater magnitude at the departmental level.
Climate Change, Endangered Environment and Vulnerable Aboriginals of India – A Critical Study

Climate Change, Endangered Environment and Vulnerable Aboriginals of India – A Critical Study
(Climate Change, Endangered Environment and Vulnerable Aboriginals of India – A Critical Study)

  • Author(s):Gouri Sankar Bandyopadhyay
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Ethnic Minorities Studies
  • Page Range:33-39
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:climate change; damage to environment; indian aboriginal; livelihood; vulnerability;
  • Summary/Abstract:ABSTRACT: The severe effects of unprecedented climate change are justifiably considered a serious threat to human civilization in general and tribal-rural or aboriginal population in particular. The crisis has been identified globally but its consistently negative effects on indigenous people of the developing countries are not properly measured. In India such effects are projected to impact the millions of lives in folk-tribal heartland. It is historically proved that various effects of climate change such as sea level rise, recurrent floods, draughts, evaporation, increased cyclonic activities like tsunami, rising temperature have badly affected the downtrodden backward people like ‘adivasis’ (Indian tribal) and their tradition-bound livelihood in this subcontinent. Due to changed weather pattern agricultural production has been rapidly declined in the last few decades in India. The present study needs to state that if climate change occurs in such way, India will lose land especially in the coastline and the rural economy will be affected drastically. In fact, climate change is a scary prospect especially for these rural populations whose culture is predominantly subsistence-based and non-urbanized in basic nature. The paper also tries to focus on the age-old indigenous awareness of ills of global warming and ongoing climatic change. The forested tribes have raised again and again their voices against the abrupt tree-falling and the timber merchant-contractors-politicians nexus that lies behind it. Growing social awareness of climate change and balanced sustainable development can minimize the vulnerability of these marginal populations.
The Effectiveness of Administrative Consolidation Processes in Urban Functional Areas

The Effectiveness of Administrative Consolidation Processes in Urban Functional Areas
(The Effectiveness of Administrative Consolidation Processes in Urban Functional Areas)

  • Author(s):Marian Kachniarz, Zbigniew Piepiora
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Public Administration, Rural and urban sociology
  • Page Range:40-47
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:urban functional area; administrative consolidation; public services; inter-communal cooperation;
  • Summary/Abstract:Urban functional areas usually extend beyond the city's administrative boundaries. As a result, there is a problem of coordinating effective public service provision between the city and its suburbs. A review of world experience shows that two institutional solutions are usually applied here – intercommunal cooperation or adaptation of administrative borders to the scope of the functional zone. However, the studies so far have not provided an answer as to which method is more effective. The objective of the paper is to compare the processes of adapting administrative borders to urban functional areas. The hypothesis was formulated that uniform management of the entire functional area favors effectiveness and institutional sustainability of public service provision. Princeton in the USA and Lubin in Poland were selected as case studies. Princeton is an example of successful administrative consolidation of the city with the surrounding rural commune, while in Lubin, unfortunately, such a project was not implemented. In the conclusion was found that inter-communal cooperation does not provide sustainable solutions and is exposed to cadenza changes of decision-makers. The most effective seems to be the consolidation of individuals, but its success depends on a very well prepared and transparent procedure.
Right to Happiness – A Challenge for International Organizations and Governments

Right to Happiness – A Challenge for International Organizations and Governments
(Right to Happiness – A Challenge for International Organizations and Governments)

  • Author(s):Titus Corlăţean
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Civil Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:48-53
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:right to happiness; prosperity; human rights; sustainable development; public policy;
  • Summary/Abstract:Through all his life, the humans seek happiness. Across the world, people aspire to live happily without fear to something or someone, and in harmony with God or with nature. In a world shaken by economic crisis, natural disasters or armed conflicts, life has shown that to be truly happy, in addition to material wealth, people also need spiritual wellbeing. We need a new paradigm of sustainable development. Economic wellbeing, social and a healthy environment together define the concept of happiness on a global scale. This might be implemented through a generic index named the gross global happiness index. UN, OECD, EC bodies and governments of some countries have understood that only economic indicators are not enough to develop public policies able to find solutions to the problems of the contemporary world. Economic data should be complemented with information designed to measure quality of life not only in material terms. The international community should promote sustainable development capable of ensuring every opportunity to seek happiness. The debates on the subject, held at international level could result, among other things, that the right to happiness should be recognized legally binding. There are already proposals for inclusion in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. This paper is a call for continued efforts made by the governments of some countries and several international bodies towards the elaboration of public policies able to lead to sustainable development and improving the quality of life.
Electronic Arts: Strategic Differentiation in the Global Video Gaming Industry

Electronic Arts: Strategic Differentiation in the Global Video Gaming Industry
(Electronic Arts: Strategic Differentiation in the Global Video Gaming Industry)

  • Author(s):Thomas Teeter, Ryan Lunsford
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Management and complex organizations, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:59-64
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Electronic Arts Inc.; digital content; video games; strategy;
  • Summary/Abstract:Electronic Arts Incorporated (EA) is a leading global developer of video game software with FY2018 revenues in excess of $5B. And although the organization has demonstrated innovative leadership in the industry for many years and has an established portfolio of “hit” game titles, industry trends have created an increasingly competitive environment. Digital game distribution, for example, has dramatically reduced the cost of product delivery, but has also negated a previous barrier to entry for new competitors. In a $36B industry that has been completely reshaped by digital content and distribution, EA seeks to better engage and retain players via digital capabilities. This case study analyzes EA’s differentiated competitive strategy founded on three pillars: Player-First, Commitment to Digital, and One EA. Each of these strategic focuses has a direct connection to trends in the transforming video game industry, as the company seeks to expand its player base across platforms, geographies, and business models. Together, these highlight the path for the company to operate more efficiently, create more engaging products and services, and develop increased customer loyalty towards EA games.
Taste Preference Differences in Juvenile Delinquency

Taste Preference Differences in Juvenile Delinquency
(Taste Preference Differences in Juvenile Delinquency)

  • Author(s):Ligiana Mihaela Petre, Alina Atalay
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Experimental Pschology, Behaviorism
  • Page Range:65-70
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:delinquency; taste preferences; food choice; health behavior;
  • Summary/Abstract:Smart food policy models for improving dietary intake recommend tailoring intervention to people's food preference. Food choice plays a major role in the psychological, economic, and social aspects of life by expressing preferences, identities, and cultural meaning. Poor health behavior has been associated with delinquency and antisocial personality features have been associated with taste preferences. The purpose of this study was to identify the taste preferences differences between non-delinquent and delinquent population. PrefQuest (PQ) was used for measuring food preferences. 56 participants were included. The results show a statistically significant difference (18.03) between experimental (n=21, M=158.13, SD=30.89) and control groups (n=35, M=176.17, SD=31.19) related to sweet taste preferences, t (54)=2.10, p=0.040, 95% CI [.82, 35.23] and a statistically significant difference (29.30) between experimental (n=21, M=195.13, SD=50.84) and control groups (n=35, M=224.46, SD=47.78) regarding to sweet & fatty taste preferences, t(54)=2.16, p=0.035, 95% CI [2.21, 56.38]. There were no statistically significant differences between control and experimental groups related to salty and salty & fatty taste preferences. The findings could bring a novel insight into the crime prevention strategy based on improving eating behavior, which may contribute to booster the health of the young people with the added benefit of reducing delinquency. Efforts to control delinquency should consider that the adequate emotional reward offered by the food, as an identity and social marker, could be a pathway to psychological rehabilitation in juvenile delinquency.
Particularities of the Forensic Investigation of Software Piracy and Online Piracy

Particularities of the Forensic Investigation of Software Piracy and Online Piracy
(Particularities of the Forensic Investigation of Software Piracy and Online Piracy)

  • Author(s):Adrian Cristian Moise
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminology, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:71-76
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:copyrights; forensic investigation; online piracy; software piracy;
  • Summary/Abstract:Particularities of the Forensic Investigation of Software Piracy and Online Piracy Starting from the analysis of the Law no 8/1996 on copyright and related rights in Romania, and continuing with the analysis of the main provisions of the European Union Directive 2001/29/EC on copyright and related rights in the information society and the European Union Directive 2009/24 / EC on the legal protection of computer programs, the article presents and analyzes aspects of the criminal investigation of software piracy and online piracy. The article analyzes both some of the criminal investigation acts commonly used in software piracy such as technical-scientific findings and forensic expertise of copyrighted software or related rights, and some methodological issues related to forensic investigation of software piracy and online piracy.
The Impact of Using a Robot Mannequin (RoMa) in Visual Merchandising

The Impact of Using a Robot Mannequin (RoMa) in Visual Merchandising
(The Impact of Using a Robot Mannequin (RoMa) in Visual Merchandising)

  • Author(s):Amirmahdi Hassani, Ehsan Saffari, Alireza Taheri, Minoo Alemi, Ali Meghdari
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Evaluation research, Social Informatics
  • Page Range:77-88
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Robot Mannequin; Social Robot; Smart Showcase; RoMa;
  • Summary/Abstract:Social robots applications are becoming more and more popular in our daily life. Advertising, in this case, apparel advertising, is an area that humans must deal with every day. RoMa is a social robot mannequin that has been designed and developed as a mobile robot for use in the field of advertising and visual trading. In this paper, characteristics such as the interaction of people with RoMa, the impact of using a social robot on the sustainability of a store’s brand name for customers, the desire to revisit the store for another purchase, and the robot's structural features were measured in a Tehran retail store using various tools such as questionnaires, cameras, and a microphone. Finally, customer preferences for the process of selecting and buying clothes as well as an examination of the mannequin’s display features have also been studied.
The Environment of Professional Activity for the Key Knowledge Workers

The Environment of Professional Activity for the Key Knowledge Workers
(The Environment of Professional Activity for the Key Knowledge Workers)

  • Author(s):Mieczysław Morawski
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:89-94
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Knowledge Workers; management of Knowledge Workers;
  • Summary/Abstract:There is an extensive research gap in the study of methods participation and involvement key knowledge workers in different management processes. There are not many ideas how to manage knowledge workers, and in particular key knowledge workers (KKWs). KKWs – top class specialists, knowledge which they have acquired is not only advanced, but also an innovative and unique one and therefore it is always of highly individual nature. The best specialists (such as KKWs) have right to expect the special treatment adequate to the achieved results and represented potential. The knowledge-oriented enterprise have to create the adequate working environment for the KKWs. The comfort’s zones for the specialists guarantee that they become aware investors of their own intellectual capital. Their engagement is the key issue regarding to the achieving the competitive advantage on the market which is based on the intangible assets. The article has a theoretical character referring to previously conducted by the author of the research. The aim of this paper is develop a model of KKWs’ environment of professional activity within intelligent organization. The study was finalised with conclusions and the list of references. One of the conclusions: The elements of work environment which stimulate creativity are mainly represented by the so-called “soft management" components referring to various aspects of human capital management in an organization. However, these findings need to be interpreted with caution due to present limitations. Further research is necessary that would replicate and extend current study to other questions.
Forensic Examination of Soil Samples from the Point of View of Physico-Chemical Expertise

Forensic Examination of Soil Samples from the Point of View of Physico-Chemical Expertise
(Forensic Examination of Soil Samples from the Point of View of Physico-Chemical Expertise)

  • Author(s):Georgiana Mardare (Balusescu), Nicoleta-Elena Heghes
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminology
  • Page Range:95-99
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:chromatography; forensic expertise; samples; spectrometry; trace soil;
  • Summary/Abstract:The potential of forensic expertise in the analysis of soil samples has been recognized for a century now, but over the last 20 years, these types of evidence have been much more widely used both as an investigative tool and as evidence in court. Forensic Chemistry is at the crossroads of science with the law, being a discipline apart from its applicability to the judiciary. Samples are obtained from various objects and often contain only very small amounts of chemicals. Most of the time, the sample harvested on the spot is no longer sampled, but it is actually the sample to be analyzed. This is also the condition of aggregation of the sample, the homogeneity of the sample/matrix or the compounds sought. Sometimes, however, even the evidence can be considered chemically homogeneous, and then representative samples (paints, textiles, plastics, etc.) can be sampled. The rest of the materials are heterogeneous (soil, building materials, fire residues, etc.). The extremely rapid evolution of science in recent years has resulted in the development of new, powerful and performing technologies. This evolution and the refinement of analytical tools make it possible at present to perform forensic investigations at the smallest scale of dimensions, with greater sensitivity and with great differentiation intervals. At the same time it is possible to discover unpredictable or previously inaccessible samples.
Legal Education – The Elevation from a Person to a Citizen

Legal Education – The Elevation from a Person to a Citizen
(Legal Education – The Elevation from a Person to a Citizen)

  • Author(s):Digvijay Singh Bagga, Ravneet Chawla
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Civil Law, State/Government and Education
  • Page Range:100-104
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:legal education; citizen; awareness; compassion; non-practicing professionals; prudence;
  • Summary/Abstract:The law is acknowledged as the conscience of the public. Legal education has become the ladder to the entity of a citizen. The sovereign nature of the majority of the states further promotes the role of legal education beyond a professional qualification. The researchers found it imperative to explore the relationship between legal education and the becoming of a citizen in its true nature, to the extents of self, family, community, country, and world. Perspectives of students of law, educators of law, law practitioners, qualified professionals in non-legal streams, and judicial officers were included in the sample (N=100, 20 each) and observations were noted using a self-developed questionnaire based on the feedback of 2 members from each group in the pilot study. The findings revealed awareness of rights and duties, self-sufficiency in voicing individual viewpoints, and compassion for mankind in all the groups. The students and teachers credited legal education for the development of critical thinking, leadership in the community, and spirit of the development of human resources in the country and the world. Patriotism, respect for the system, feeling of responsibility towards the fate of the whole society was observed by the law practitioners and the judicial officers. Non-practicing professionals associated their legal education to prudence related to money, a better acceptance of cultures, and planning abilities. The study brings attention to the significance of legal education in development at micro and macro levels.
Is It Worth Doing Science Online? A Reflexive View on the Online Surveys

Is It Worth Doing Science Online? A Reflexive View on the Online Surveys
(Is It Worth Doing Science Online? A Reflexive View on the Online Surveys)

  • Author(s):Andrey V. Rezaev, Anastasia A. Ivanova
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Evaluation research
  • Page Range:105-108
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:scientific communication; black-boxing; generalization; online surveys;
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper addresses the issues and challenges scientific communication is facing in current scholarly practices both within a specific scientific community and public at large. First, the paper presents methodological groundings for studying communication of results as a particular mechanism of operating with discourse. Such methodological framework focuses on the process of ‘black-boxing’ of scientific results. Further, the authors illustrate a way such results go from a hypothesis to a scholarly output, and call for actions. On the basis of the Online Surveys organized and conducted by the American-Russian Research Laboratory at St Petersburg State University (www.tandem.spbu.ru) for a specific field research in 2017-2018, the authors demonstrate gradual detextualization and generalization of results, which are inherent to the specific way of scientific persuasion. Finally, the authors outline the paths of the current transformation of scientific knowledge production and dissemination which calls for further research problematization.
Cannabis Stock Behavior and Investor’s Expectations on the TSX: A Mixed Method Approach

Cannabis Stock Behavior and Investor’s Expectations on the TSX: A Mixed Method Approach
(Cannabis Stock Behavior and Investor’s Expectations on the TSX: A Mixed Method Approach)

  • Author(s):Oludamola Durodola, Deepika Chotee
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:109-116
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:cannabis; Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX); addiction; Canada;
  • Summary/Abstract:This study examines the behavior of cannabis stock on the Toronto Stock Exchange and why investors are interested in cannabis stock. The theory of heterogeneous beliefs, bounded rationality theory and the theory of addiction grounded the study. We employed basic descriptive statistics and the Kruskal-Wallis test including an in-depth interview of investors using convenience sampling methods. The study findings showed that cannabis stocks exhibit a higher-level of risk volatility when compared to speculative and growth stocks on the Toronto Stock Exchange within the period under investigation. Other findings show that cannabis stocks share similar characteristics with other speculative stocks but also possess unique features. Finally, investors are interested in cannabis stocks because of its potential for future strong earnings on the platform of the theory of addiction as discussed in the study.
The Drugs, Lethal Substances Which Have Become Elixir

The Drugs, Lethal Substances Which Have Become Elixir
(The Drugs, Lethal Substances Which Have Become Elixir)

  • Author(s):Oana Horhogea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminology
  • Page Range:117-121
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:victim; elixir; drug; substance; organism;
  • Summary/Abstract:The drugs are substances which have found receptors in our organism and act by increasing, slowing down or changing the processes of the organ. The scientists have reached a long time ago the conclusion that there exists a biological foundation for the drug dependency. A repeated usage or consumption of some large dosages can represent a serious threat regarding the health state of the individual. Those who abuse a drug are those who not only used it frequently but consider also that they cannot live without it, leading to dependency. This phenomenon regarding the dependency existed during the entire history, yet from the oldest times, people knew also the properties of the drugs, these being used for various purposes, religious, therapeutic, relaxation, etc. In the past, as well as nowadays, the drug was and is considered a substance which can be used in therapy due to some curative properties, but whose effect is sometimes uncertain and deadly for the organism.
Political Affections on Online Social Network: The Opinative Priority During the Presidential Campaigns

Political Affections on Online Social Network: The Opinative Priority During the Presidential Campaigns
(Political Affections on Online Social Network: The Opinative Priority During the Presidential Campaigns)

  • Author(s):Aloha Boeck
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Electoral systems, Evaluation research
  • Page Range:122-127
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:opinion; online social network; community of fans; ; affect;
  • Summary/Abstract:How does the urgency on publicizing opinions was expressed in the uses of an online social network during a conflicted period of time like the Presidential Campaign in countries such as Brazil and United States? In these scenarios, it seems that it is not enough to simply reflect on certain relevant topics; it seems essential to externalize opinions that seek to establish an intransigent position. To understand this phenomenon, possible evidence can be found in the way communities of fans are organized, guided by the regulation of affections in the media and in education. Thus, the concept of "opinionative priority" is proposed to understand the disputes about the meaning of democracy that emerge in online social networks, being the attempt to corroborate, counter or refute a statement, in a power dispute. It is the tensioning itself resulting from the need to belong, caused by social networks, and participatory culture, because it is not enough to be and be seen, it is necessary to be part of the discussions, or to initiate a new one. These disputes treat diverse opinions as enemies to be exterminated, obliterating the pluralistic democratic condition, supported by the fundamental right of freedom of speech. Therefore, it is understood that the "opinionative priority" is more than a communication process, since it promotes a pedagogical action in which opinion is formed from absence of moderation, once there is no time for considerations; there is only the urgency to defend a point of view in social networks.
Frictions on Cross Border Cooperation in Criminal Matters Involving Terrorism Threats – Romanian Standpoint

Frictions on Cross Border Cooperation in Criminal Matters Involving Terrorism Threats – Romanian Standpoint
(Frictions on Cross Border Cooperation in Criminal Matters Involving Terrorism Threats – Romanian Standpoint)

  • Author(s):Marius-Adrian Arva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Security and defense, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:128-137
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Europol; Eurojust; cooperation; jurisdiction;
  • Summary/Abstract:In countering terrorist crimes, European organizations with police and judicial jurisdiction have emerged as key players in this field, although often being found on a competitive institutional battleground, especially this being the case of Europol and Eurojust. The methods we used consist in a detailed analysis of applicable European provisions, established doctrine, standpoints, press releases and official statistics, and last but not least the presentation of a well-grounded opinion on the reported disagreements. Through the reform to which Europol is currently undergoing, the Agency is self developing as a central element of the European internal security architecture in conducting investigations and operational actions. We emphasize the tendency to widen the competencies of the European Prosecutor's Office, whose duties are likely to overlap with those of Eurojust, and although Eurojust does not have the vocation of a genuine indictment body, according to the EU Treaty, the European Prosecutor's Office may be established from Eurojust, hence under its oversight. Europol is willing to take on the role of managing EU-wide operational counter-terrorism activities, but as for Eurojust, the measures needed to strengthen the Union's response to terrorist threats can only be implemented by creating a framework narrative in which the European Prosecutor's Office is directly subordinated to Eurojust.
Behaviors of Professional Athletes in Terms of the Big Five Model Due to the Type of Contact of the Sport Discipline

Behaviors of Professional Athletes in Terms of the Big Five Model Due to the Type of Contact of the Sport Discipline
(Behaviors of Professional Athletes in Terms of the Big Five Model Due to the Type of Contact of the Sport Discipline)

  • Author(s):Paweł Piepiora
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Behaviorism, Sports Studies
  • Page Range:138-145
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:behaviours, sporpsychology; personality; NEO-FFI; type of contact;
  • Summary/Abstract:Sports disciplines can be divided due to the type of contact allowed with the opponent. We distinguish disciplines with direct and indirect contact as well as non-contact disciplines. The intention of this study was to check if the behavior of professional athletes is determined by the type of contact of sports disciplines. 180 competitive athletes from six sport disciplines, i.e. luge, tennis, wrestling, team mountaineering, volleyball and rugby, were purposefully selected for the study. The research method used was the NEO-FFI Personality Inventory. It was shown that specific samples - lugers, team mountaineers and rugbists are characterized by low neuroticism in relation to tennis players, wrestlers and volleyball players. Athletes of non-contact disciplines stand out by low neuroticism in relation athletes of indirect and direct contact disciplines. Team athletes are distinguished by low neuroticism in relation to individual athletes. On this basis, the following conclusions were made. The behavior of athletes depends on the type of contact of the sport discipline. Behavioral profiles are specific to the requirements of a given sport discipline and are consistent with the average profile of behavior of all athletes, characterized by high conscientiousness and extraversion, average openness to experience and agreeableness. The indicator differentiating
How Globalization has Changed Diplomacy

How Globalization has Changed Diplomacy
(How Globalization has Changed Diplomacy)

  • Author(s):Sophie Nanyonga
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International relations/trade, Globalization
  • Page Range:146-152
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:diplomacy; globalization; international relations; integration; communication;
  • Summary/Abstract:Globalization, which refers to the changes in time and space is perhaps one of the most significant events in this century. It has brought with it, unique changes in communication, trade, mobility, international security, and migration. Some have argued that its impact has further weakened the place and role of the state in international politics, given many actors who have emerged in this process. This paper seeks to examine how the changes in time and space are affecting diplomatic relations among states. While it is true that several actors are today playing some roles previously reserved for the state, the field of diplomacy seems to have been protected from non-state actors as government representatives still dominate diplomatic channels. By looking at events such as the Gulf Cooperation Council’s role in the Yemen Political crisis and Economic Community of West African States’ (ECOWAS) role in Gambia’s political turmoil, a new form of regionalized diplomacy is seen. The case of the Syrian crisis also has realized a shift from bilateral to multilateral diplomacy. The writer argues that the changes in space have had little effect on diplomacy but rather the changes in time, largely associated with the rapid flow of information have transformed how diplomacy is practiced today. The paper adopts a qualitative research approach and relies on data from secondary sources like textbooks, among others.
  • Price: 146152.00 €
The Measurement of Budget Outlays of Local Government Units for Removing the Natural Disasters’ Effects – A Case of Polish Municipalities

The Measurement of Budget Outlays of Local Government Units for Removing the Natural Disasters’ Effects – A Case of Polish Municipalities
(The Measurement of Budget Outlays of Local Government Units for Removing the Natural Disasters’ Effects – A Case of Polish Municipalities)

  • Author(s):Zbigniew Piepiora, Marian Kachniarz
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):National Economy, Public Administration
  • Page Range:153-157
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:finance; outlay; local government; natural disaster; recovery; measure; indicator; municipality;
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of the paper is the measurement of budget outlays of local government units for removing the natural disasters’ effects in Poland at the local level of municipality in years 2008-2017. Authors formulated a hypothesis: It is possible to measure the budget outlays of local government units for removing the natural disasters’ effects at the local level of municipality. Authors posed the research question: How should we measure the budget outlays of local government units for removing the natural disasters’ effects at the local level of municipality? The spatial range of the subject of research covers the area of Poland. The time span of the research concerned the years 2008-2017, which is a common period for all selected features. Data analysis was based on index analysis from the group of statistical methods and cartographic method – cartogram. Cartograms were generated in the QGis 3.6.3 program. The objective of the paper was attained. The carried out analysis made it possible to answer positive the research question. This allowed to test positively the hypothesis. Constructed indicator enabled the measurement of the relation of budget outlays of local government units for removing the natural disasters’ effects to the number of citizens of municipalities in Poland. In opinion of authors, the indicator should be applied in other countries. This issue requires further research at the local level of municipality.
  • Price: 5.00 €
Poor Results in the Evaluations of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Unsuccessfulness in the Evaluation of Public Policies for Education

Poor Results in the Evaluations of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Unsuccessfulness in the Evaluation of Public Policies for Education
(Poor Results in the Evaluations of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Unsuccessfulness in the Evaluation of Public Policies for Education)

  • Author(s):Katia Bautheney
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Higher Education , State/Government and Education
  • Page Range:158-163
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:assessment; education; public policies; PISA; academic performance;
  • Summary/Abstract:The news on Brazil’s low ranking in each edition of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) tests creates intense debate about the quality of education in the country, portrayed by the mainstream media, whose discourse will be analyzed herein in order to exemplify contradictions that may become obstacles to the improvement of these indicators. What prevails is an interpretation of the results of standardized educational assessments that holds students (and by association their teachers and their schools) accountable for the poor results in these tests. Although progress has been made in terms of democratizing the entrance of the Brazilian population in schools, said approach compromises students’ possibility to remain in school, as well as their access to a quality education through an educational policy perspective that prioritizes social reception to the detriment of the commitment with knowledge transmission. In the discourses analyzed in this work, we notice there is no emphasis on the fact that international assessments, such as the PISA, should be used to measure the efficiency of a country’s public policies for education instead of individuals. When one simplifies the analysis of these assessments’ results through a discourse that stresses only the measurement of students’ performance, one obliterates the Government’s duty to ensure quality education. Said movement is justified by a psychologizing interpretation of human development as a mechanism for segregation and pedagogical exclusion.
The Role of Traditional Knowledge in Indian Management Education

The Role of Traditional Knowledge in Indian Management Education
(The Role of Traditional Knowledge in Indian Management Education)

  • Author(s):Maziar Jafary
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):State/Government and Education
  • Page Range:164-168
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Sociology of managerial education; India; Indian traditional knowledge; Indian management studies;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper investigates various roles that traditional knowledge can play in Indian managerial education. As it is shown in previous studies, Indian management schools in general and Indian MBA programs in particular lead Indian prospective entrepreneurs toward different sorts of entrepreneurial activities. Although new managerial education in post-cold-war India which mostly endorses entrepreneurship are not bounded to bureaucratic and industrial capitalism, Indian management education is still largely influenced by western and particularly American management schools’ structures and syllabuses. According to such scientific management, unlike modern knowledge which is highly entrenched in rational modes of production, traditional knowledge has been confined to pre-capitalist modes of production and distribution of commodities. Still, new movements for reintegration and revival of traditional knowledge in Indian managerial education pretend that India can largely benefit from its traditional treasures for economic boosts. Thus, the conjunction point of modern managerial education and Indian traditional knowledge remains in new types of leadership as well as genuine entrepreneurial skills which are raised and developed by some of Indian managerial scholars. These novel ideas implicate the need for what is called “spiritual leadership” as well as tradition-based projects in Indian entrepreneurship. As such, I will explain in this paper, the ways by which Indian traditional knowledge can intrigue Indian managerial education in numerous ways, both in elite and popular levels.
Forensic Methods of Identifying Corpses with Unknown Identity

Forensic Methods of Identifying Corpses with Unknown Identity
(Forensic Methods of Identifying Corpses with Unknown Identity)

  • Author(s):Ovidiu Andrei Hamburda
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminology
  • Page Range:169-172
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:clothes; dead bodies; dentition; DNA; research; skeleton; unknown;
  • Summary/Abstract:Finding the truth is the most difficult process, especially in a society that reveals itself as a high-speed field, whose passengers combine good and evil, honor and dishonesty, respect for the law and crime. Identification of dead bodies is one of the most common but complicated activities that the magistrate, criminal investigation dead bodies, criminalist or forensic doctor encounters, because compared to the living people who appreciate both the static signs, the dynamic signs and the functional features noted by different gestures, attitudes, etc. only the static forms and the personal objects on them or the clothing are appreciated in the case of dead bodies. Most procedures claim certain data and information to be compared, such as DNA, fingerprints, dentition, etc., but if they do not exist, comparison with the rest of the population is impossible. To identify a person, the forensic research bodies also found other methods, such as the over-projection method, the reconstruction of the skull physiognomy, the skeletal identification, dental or dental identification.
The Effects of Social and Environmental Condition on the Way People Perceive their Body Image and Appearance

The Effects of Social and Environmental Condition on the Way People Perceive their Body Image and Appearance
(The Effects of Social and Environmental Condition on the Way People Perceive their Body Image and Appearance)

  • Author(s):Yoora Do
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Behaviorism, Evaluation research
  • Page Range:173-181
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:body image; appearance; discrimination; social factor; mass media influence;
  • Summary/Abstract:This research investigates factors explaining the way people perceive their body and appearance and uncovers the intricate interplay of lookism and its underlying factors. Using data from the Ministry of Gender Equality and Family (MOGEF), 917 people whose age 29 or lower were used. For analysis, an independent sample t-test, and two multiple regression analyses were conducted. The results revealed that there is a gender disparity in the way people place their importance on appearance or body image and women are more likely to be discriminated by their appearance than men. Also, in one regression analysis that predicted people’s self-perceived appearance, people’s BMI, general health condition, stress or negative emotion they experience are shown to affect how people evaluate their appearance. In the second regression analysis that predicted how people evaluate their body image, the results showed that BMI and general health condition affect the way people evaluate their body image. In both of these regression analyses, mass media’s derisive portrayal of men or explain affect how people perceive appearance and body image. Therefore, policymakers and alike must use the finding to devise plans and policies that would foster a healthy self-image.
The Potential of Cinematic Language in Geography Education and the Relationship among Communication, Culture and Geography

The Potential of Cinematic Language in Geography Education and the Relationship among Communication, Culture and Geography
(The Potential of Cinematic Language in Geography Education and the Relationship among Communication, Culture and Geography)

  • Author(s):Gabriela Candeu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Environmental Geography
  • Page Range:182-186
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:geographic tought; geographic education; cinematic language; interdisciplinary practices;
  • Summary/Abstract:From the beginning of geographic thought, authors like Kant, Humboldt, and, Vidal de La Blache made reference to the necessity of the images in the construction of geographic thought. Nowadays,new interpretation of this correlation is worthwhile because of the intensity of images, and in this case, films that children and young people are exposed to daily, without necessarily understanding the geography behind the creation of these symbols and meanings. Due to this phenomenon, this research is based primarily on identifying the need to incorporate these languages into teaching, in a way that is not just illustrative. The need for this incorporation is to enable students to develop critical geographic thought around these constant images, while creating a closeness between the geographic content and the cultural life of students. The purposes of this practice were to provoke the student`s to make the act of watching a movie an exercise of geographic thought. The research was carried out with an extensive bibliographical investigation to support the practical part of the project executed in two schools in the city of São Paulo. At the conclusion, the potentialities of the work with cinematic language in geography education were evident, as well as an analysis of the main problems of this interdisciplinary practice.
Hermeneutical Resemblance in Rudolf Bultmann and Thich Nhat Hanh

Hermeneutical Resemblance in Rudolf Bultmann and Thich Nhat Hanh
(Hermeneutical Resemblance in Rudolf Bultmann and Thich Nhat Hanh)

  • Author(s):Joel (J.T.) Young
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Sociology of Religion
  • Page Range:187-193
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Rudolf Bultmann; Thich Nhat Hanh; Demythologization; Zen Buddhism; Christianity;
  • Summary/Abstract:Over the last several decades, academic theology in America has seen a resurgence of interest in the 20th century German-speaking theological movement known as “dialectical theology.” While primarily focusing on the theology of Swiss Reformed theologian, Karl Barth, there has also been a revival of curiosity in Barth’s academic rival, Rudolf Bultmann, who cultivated the controversial program of “demythologization.” Though the recovery of Bultmann’s work in English-speaking circles is historically valuable to our understanding of how modern theology progressed, the question still stands as to how it might aid our dialogue in an increasingly pluralistic world. Unpacking one such opportunity is the aim of this paper. Through dialogue with the Zen Buddhism of Thich Nhat Hanh, I show how different contours of Bultmann’s thought can aid us in understanding and approaching interreligious discourse through hermeneutical consistencies and resemblance. While this paper discusses several different aspects of Bultmann’s and Nhat Hanh’s religious thought, the consistencies and resemblance between the two individual thinkers are, no doubt, emblematic of greater Familienähnlichkeit between their respective faith traditions – a topic to be taken up at a later time.
The Banking Fragility Index Panorama in China

The Banking Fragility Index Panorama in China
(The Banking Fragility Index Panorama in China)

  • Author(s):Yunyi Wang
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):National Economy, Business Economy / Management
  • Page Range:194-200
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Banking; Fragility; China; Regression;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Banking Fragility Index Panorama in ChinaThe corresponding impact on china’s banking system is becoming the focus issues of international economy and has become the major theoretical and practical issues for China to deal with the increasingly complex international economic situation. Since 2004 the formation mechanism reform started, China’s banking system experienced a steady development and the supervision on banking fragility keeps pace with times to meet the requirement of operation. How to measure a bank’s operational performance is not get to a conclusion in academic field. This paper aims to review the measurement of banking fragility index of Western and Eastern world and using data on Chinese banks to develop an index of banking fragility and subsequently examine the factors affecting the index. Industry analysis will be introduced in this paper. The academic debates on factors affecting banking fragility index are analyzed and this paper will choose a number of widely-used index for the regression test. The findings about the effective countermeasures to the banking fragility Chinese banks facing as well as the objectives of the financial reform are discussed. A conclusion presents the resulting implications for further research.
Adoption History. From Ancient Societies to Contemporary Societies

Adoption History. From Ancient Societies to Contemporary Societies
(Adoption History. From Ancient Societies to Contemporary Societies)

  • Author(s):Silvia Timofti
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Family and social welfare, Welfare services
  • Page Range:201-204
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:adoption; adrogation; family; the system of adoption; social protection;
  • Summary/Abstract:From the earliest times, the religious factor has said its word on several social systems. The social factor has been of great importance and relevance to the social construction of the communities as well as to the regulation of the various institutions I have chosen the ones that represent the interests of society. Among these institution is adoption, being one of the oldest law institutions. Adoption is a social phenomenon that has undergone changes that have been inevitable and a breakthrough in the turn of the century. This form of social protection of children, adoption, played a particularly important role in antiquity especially in the institutions of the Jews, the Assyrians, the Greeks, the Indians and the Romans, because the adopted person was perceived as the one to represent the perpetuation of the religious and political interests of the people, after the persons who approached the children died.
Playground Safety Practices. Injury Prevention and Effective Investigation

Playground Safety Practices. Injury Prevention and Effective Investigation
(Playground Safety Practices. Injury Prevention and Effective Investigation)

  • Author(s):Alexandra Ioana Curcă
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International Law, Family and social welfare
  • Page Range:205-210
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:accident; children; injuries; playground; safety;
  • Summary/Abstract:While technology and business patterns are evolving at a very high pace, new markets are developing, and so are consumer preferences and expectations. Over the past 30 years, entertainment industries have become sectors with immense profits and sustainable growth, the children segment being the greatest contender. However, the multitude of options in terms of attractions to choose from is not always accompanied by strict knowledge of operational standards, thus creating an increase in the risk of injury that children are subjected to during their play-time. Despite the fact that most playground equipment’s are not properly certified or do not comply with the specific provisions, most cases remain inconclusive, due to lack of evidence arising from a knowledge gap that the authorities must cover. In case of playground accidents, the investigators need to be well aware and up to date with the regulations, not only to determine who to hold accountable, but also to be able to take the necessary control measures in order to reduce children play-related injuries.
Malpractice – The Phenomenon and the Relevant Advantages of Mediation in Criminal Cases

Malpractice – The Phenomenon and the Relevant Advantages of Mediation in Criminal Cases
(Malpractice – The Phenomenon and the Relevant Advantages of Mediation in Criminal Cases)

  • Author(s):Crina-Maria Hristodorof
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminology
  • Page Range:212-214
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:criminal cases; injury; malpractice; mediation; phenomenon; win-win situation;
  • Summary/Abstract:Malpractice is a relatively newly recognized phenomenon, whose negative effects regard both the client (patient) and the professional. Nowadays, there is a widely held intention of the client incurring damages from a malpractice case in order to obtain damage-repairs that are higher than deserved, but also to cause a “bad-advertising” for the professional in default, especially in criminal cases. Mediation seems to be an instrument to provide the best solution for both parties involved: the client obtains a better repair than a Court-of-Law can decide upon, while the professional benefits from a more confidential analysis on his default; additionally, the Courts-of-Law are relieved from analyzing malpractice cases. The mediation procedure for medical malpractice cases can be regarded as an extrajudicial alternative, a "WIN-WIN" solution, by its nature, for the parties in conflict who have a possibility of reaching a mutually beneficial agreement. Whereas, according to Article 16 of the New Criminal Procedure Code par. 1 The criminal action cannot be put into motion and when it has been put into motion it can no longer be exercised if: g) the preliminary complaint was withdrawn in the case of offenses for which its withdrawal removes the criminal liability, the reconciliation occurred or a mediation agreement was concluded under the law. Therefore, a positive result of the mediation activity in criminal matters would lead to the suspension of criminal proceedings in the criminal investigation phase or the termination of the trial at the trial stage. In addition to this advantage, other benefits of the mediation procedure in criminal matters will be discussed in the present article.
“Spoken Portrait” - Head Description

“Spoken Portrait” - Head Description
(“Spoken Portrait” - Head Description)

  • Author(s):Lucia Cerasela Balan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Criminology
  • Page Range:215-220
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:color; figure; forensic identification; signs; spoken portrait;
  • Summary/Abstract:The description of the signs referred to in the Specialty literature and the ”Spoken Portrait” Method, has the characteristics of the body in its entirety, the emphasis being placed on the anatomic features of the face, being covered in the description of the volume, shape, position and color of the observed parts, each element being appreciated in the report with other anatomical elements that make up the described ensemble. Descriptions differ depending on who performs them. In some cases, the description of an individual by the eyewitness may be incomplete or even erroneous because of objective or subjective circumstances that prevent good perception. As a person can be distinguished from another, in a Forensic Sciences and yet identified way, it is necessary to describe his anatomical characteristics according to scientific methods, using appropriate terminology and precise criteria for dimensioning. In this sense, the identification is carried out by means of specialized methods and techniques in the framework of criminal prosecution activities, carried out according to tactical rules specific to the hearing of the witnesses or victims of the offense.
Humans beyond Earth

Humans beyond Earth
(Humans beyond Earth)

  • Author(s):Nicholas Kwon, David Douglas Klein
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Environmental Geography
  • Page Range:221-226
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:mission to Mars; space exploration; NASA; NASA private partnerships;
  • Summary/Abstract:Humans have been a wildly curious species for millennia. From traveling across unmapped oceans to the first lunar steps, mankind had the ambition to explore dangerous, uncharted destinations. In 1966, the NASA budget was 4.41% of the Federal budget. Fifty years later, NASA’s budget was 0.50% of the Federal budget. While there is still strong interest in intermediate space, that's because it’s in the comfort zone of commercial interests with profit motives. We as a species need to resist this sole motivation. Many companies and governments won’t invest in a manned expedition to Mars since the profits would take decades to manifest (if there are any profits at all). However, recently a new breed of billionaires, including Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos, realized the importance of investing in a Mars mission because of the positive impact for humanity later. Making a habitable colony for humans on Mars will be extraordinarily difficult - Mars is a hostile environment, but over time, impossible journeys evolve from difficult challenges to success. A trip to Mars would represent a leap in our maturity, a revitalization of the human spirit that charges into the unknown to understand and use it. This paper will research the challenges of getting to Mars and why we should go there. Who knows, we may find life under the dunes of Mars and discover we aren't the only ones.
Offer Development for Clients Aged 55-70 in the Sector of Spa Enterprises

Offer Development for Clients Aged 55-70 in the Sector of Spa Enterprises
(Offer Development for Clients Aged 55-70 in the Sector of Spa Enterprises)

  • Author(s):Urszula Bąkowska-Morawska
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Health and medicine and law
  • Page Range:227-234
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:offer for clients in health care; health and care management; formatting;
  • Summary/Abstract:In recent years, as a result of lifestyle changes, attracting more attention to health and living comfort, demographic changes and growing expenditure on preventive health care, the market offer reflecting expectations of senior citizens has been rapidly developing in Europe. The aging population, however, at the same time wealthy and aware of civilization threats, expect a different approach to meeting their needs. The comprehensive offer is supposed to include relaxation and leisure, comfort and safety of the destination, various forms of activities in free time, adequate medical care, physiotherapy, beauty treatment and a proper diet. In Germany, Austria, the Czech Republic or Poland the offer of spa enterprises, i.e. companies offering preventive health care services based on natural resources is currently subject to intensive modernization. The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of changes in the market offer ensuring meeting the needs of senior citizens in an optimal way. The research was based on interviews with chief executive officers, the observations made by the author – a manager herself and the analysis of the collected empirical material. As a result of the conducted research, new expectations of customers aged 55-70 were identified. They refer to the individualisation of health care during therapeutic stays, based on the offer developed taking into account due respect for the environment and targeted at a specific health problem. Such approach requires implementing significant changes in business models of the analysed enterprises.
Discrimination of Excellence: A Research Agenda

Discrimination of Excellence: A Research Agenda
(Discrimination of Excellence: A Research Agenda)

  • Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Behaviorism, Evaluation research
  • Page Range:54-58
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Academia; Discrimination; Economic Disadvantage; Excellence; Outperformers;
  • Summary/Abstract:Discrimination is unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things. Long-standing, ample evidence of discrimination and most important attempts exist to legally abolish, economically counter-weight and societally alleviate the negative impacts of discrimination around the world. Yet to this day, there is hardly any description of discrimination of excellence. Unfair treatment of outperformers occurs when focusing away from merit leads to economic inefficiency based on arbitrary decision making.
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