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INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment Cover Image

INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment

Contributor(s): Gelu Alexandrescu (Editor), Ioan CRĂCIUN (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Civil Society, Governance, Geopolitics
ISSN: 2668-229X
Published by: Carol I National Defence University Publishing House
Keywords: global security; national defence; military art; cyberspace;
Summary/Abstract: INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE STRATEGIES XXI. The Complex and Dynamic Nature of the Security Environment

  • Page Count: 260
  • Publication Year: 2019
  • Language: English
FIELD ARTILLERY FIRE COMMAND AND CONTROL DIGITAL INTEROPERABILITY

FIELD ARTILLERY FIRE COMMAND AND CONTROL DIGITAL INTEROPERABILITY
(FIELD ARTILLERY FIRE COMMAND AND CONTROL DIGITAL INTEROPERABILITY)

  • Author(s):Florin Cotet
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Political Theory, Governance, Military policy
  • Page Range:9-12
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:digital interoperability; fire-support systems; joint fires;
  • Summary/Abstract:Currently, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) fire support community faces some fire control challenges and digital interoperability among most members of the alliance. During last years, few nominated NATO Force Structures, were supporting alliance’ efforts to provide digital Fires interoperability and enhancing its own Fires warfighting capabilities to meet its military objectives. To accomplish these tasks, yearly Fire Support Exercises, known as “Dynamic Front” series, were planned, prepared and conducted to demonstrate long-range, digital, multinational interoperability between fire support systems, with a future goal to include joint Fires interoperability.
HARMONIZING FIELD ARTILLERY ENTITIES WITH SIMILAR NATO FIELD ARTILLERY UNITS IN THE CURRENT COMPLEX BATTLESPACE

HARMONIZING FIELD ARTILLERY ENTITIES WITH SIMILAR NATO FIELD ARTILLERY UNITS IN THE CURRENT COMPLEX BATTLESPACE
(HARMONIZING FIELD ARTILLERY ENTITIES WITH SIMILAR NATO FIELD ARTILLERY UNITS IN THE CURRENT COMPLEX BATTLESPACE)

  • Author(s):Florin Cotet
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Politics, Military policy, Welfare systems
  • Page Range:13-16
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:joint fires; peer-level opposition; relevant;
  • Summary/Abstract: Today, we are experiencing an unprecedented pace of technological development that will impact our ability to conduct warfare. Recently, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization faces an increasing security threat with peer-level opposition forces possessing significant joint Fires capabilities that are highly interoperable, and capable of providing timely, accurate, massed Fires in support of maneuver operations. The alliance fire support community continues to focus on increasing its joint fire support interoperability, and synchronization of joint fire support to meet the challenge of a capable peer or near-peer opponent. More specifically, since Crimea’s annexation by the Russian Federation in 2014, NATO’s focus shifted from deter and assure, to deter and defend across the full spectrum of operations. From this perspective our Field Artillery units must remain relevant and adapt their organizations and capabilities to meet future requirements and eventually, become harmonized with similar entities from NATO member state armies on future operations. Allied joint operations should be prepared, planned and conducted in a manner that makes the best use of the relative strengths and capabilities of the forces which members offer for an operation.
THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIDIMENSIONALITY BATTLE SPACE ON THE ACTIONS OF LAND FORCES ANTI-AIRCRAFT FIRE SYSTEMS

THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIDIMENSIONALITY BATTLE SPACE ON THE ACTIONS OF LAND FORCES ANTI-AIRCRAFT FIRE SYSTEMS
(THE INFLUENCE OF MULTIDIMENSIONALITY BATTLE SPACE ON THE ACTIONS OF LAND FORCES ANTI-AIRCRAFT FIRE SYSTEMS)

  • Author(s):Florin Stafi
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Military policy, Welfare systems
  • Page Range:17-23
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:system; anti-aircraft; technology;
  • Summary/Abstract:Adjustment of Land Forces anti-aircraft fire system to the current and projected operational environment requirements must be an ongoing concern, in terms of operational and managerial doctrine. The importance of analyzing the interaction between operating system versus battle space, completed with alleged actions of a hypothetical enemy, must be seen as a necessity to ensure an adequate response to the threats, constituting the theoretical framework of optimization process and power projection. The decisional loop "action-reaction-counteraction" should be dimensioned ante factum, identifying the systemic, multidimensional conditioning. In a highly volatile and innovative environment, the anti-aircraft fire system needs a similar reaction. We can speak of an anticipatory balance maintained by correct estimation of future capabilities, the determination of effective technological solutions, running speed, but also keeping an adequate volume/quality ratio. Military actions require permanent reconfiguration of the component system in all dimensions of the battle space, the ultimate goal being the intelligence, decision-making and execution superiority.
ASPECTS ON MILITARY ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE HYBRID CONFLICT

ASPECTS ON MILITARY ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE HYBRID CONFLICT
(ASPECTS ON MILITARY ART FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE HYBRID CONFLICT)

  • Author(s):Alexandru Herciu
  • Language:Estonian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Military policy
  • Page Range:24-31
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:military art; hybrid risks and threats; hybrid conflict; operational environment;
  • Summary/Abstract:My motivation to address the present field of study consisted of the need to understand the complexity of the current operational environment as well as the components that impart the hybrid character of military action in the context of the emergence and development of new forms of aggression, influence and constraint as a result of a kaleidoscope of conventional, unconventional and irregular components. For this purpose, the present study aims at assessing the specific operational framework and the characteristics of the joint, integrated and multinational operation in recent and future military conflicts, in the context of the emergence of new hybrid risks and threats in the international security environment.
FIELD ARTILLERY FIRE COMMAND AND CONTROL DIGITAL INTEROPERABILITY

FIELD ARTILLERY FIRE COMMAND AND CONTROL DIGITAL INTEROPERABILITY
(FIELD ARTILLERY FIRE COMMAND AND CONTROL DIGITAL INTEROPERABILITY)

  • Author(s):Alexandru Herciu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Political Sciences, Comparative politics, Geopolitics
  • Page Range:32-40
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:hybrid threats; conflict; operational environment; tactical units;
  • Summary/Abstract:The contemporary operational environment is filled with hybrid threats manifested in open wars or in the grey zone conflicts. The challenges posed by an open hybrid conflict to the tactical units’ operations physiognomy are yet to be identified and addressed according to the lessons learned from the conflicts labeled as hybrid. While, to a certain extent, it is obvious what should be the tactical units’ reaction against a hybrid threat in a host nation territory, it is still not clear what options the Land Forces have in the case of a homeland intervention to counter such a threat posed by a covert actor not crossing the threshold that would activate a state of emergency. Another important question mark is referring to the real possibilities of the tactical units to be proactive in order to smoothly prepare the ground for a facile armed intervention against a hybrid threat within its national borders.
THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON FUTURE MILITARY ACTIONS

THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON FUTURE MILITARY ACTIONS
(THE IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ON FUTURE MILITARY ACTIONS)

  • Author(s):Marian Hogea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Military policy, Political behavior, Politics and communication, Politics and society
  • Page Range:41-45
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:artificial intelligence (AI); military environment; machine killing;
  • Summary/Abstract:Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an artifact (computer) that works effectively to achieve a certain goal. Artificial Intelligence Technology has entered a new period of rapid development and is recognized as the most perceptual technology capable of changing the future world. The trend of developing artificial intelligence in the coming years will have an impact on societies, governments, and last but not least on the military environment. Some emerging trends have already begun to appear, therefore, many countries in the world have raised the development of artificial intelligence at the level of national strategy and strongly supported it from the perspective of policy orientation, strategic planning and capital budgeting. The emergence of artificial intelligence weapons will radically change the way in which armed conflicts are being prepared and carried out, that is, „man-to-man” warfare tends to become a war of „machine killing”. Whoever has the best software will win the war. From this perspective, we aim to highlight the integration and functioning of weapons and technologies based on artificial intelligence within the command and control systems and execution structures to uncover the elements of informational and decisional superiority, as well as the success factors in the dynamics of future military actions.
ISSUES REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT, ORGANIZATION, AND FUNCTIONING OF THE ROMANIAN MILITARY SANITARY SERVICE DURING THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE

ISSUES REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT, ORGANIZATION, AND FUNCTIONING OF THE ROMANIAN MILITARY SANITARY SERVICE DURING THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE
(ISSUES REGARDING THE ESTABLISHMENT, ORGANIZATION, AND FUNCTIONING OF THE ROMANIAN MILITARY SANITARY SERVICE DURING THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE)

  • Author(s):Ionuț Rădulescu, Mircea Udrescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Governance, International relations/trade, Military policy, Politics and Identity
  • Page Range:46-51
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:independence; war; the army’s sanitary service; divisional ambulance; epidemics;
  • Summary/Abstract: In general, the sanitary state of the Romanian army was marked by strongly adverse elements such as important physical efforts made by the soldiers, difficulties on the troops’ supply lines, housing, equipment, transport and providing a minimum of hygienic conditions. At the same time, the heroism, dedication and selfsacrifice of the army’s sanitary service prevailed. The cold and rainy autumn of 1877, followed by a harsh winter, with heavy snowfall, made the situation significantly harsher especially at the siege of Plevna and in the battles around Vidin.
KEY ELEMENTS REGARDING MILITARY MEDICAL PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION

KEY ELEMENTS REGARDING MILITARY MEDICAL PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION
(KEY ELEMENTS REGARDING MILITARY MEDICAL PERSONNEL INVOLVED IN AEROMEDICAL EVACUATION)

  • Author(s):Ionuț Rădulescu, Mircea Udrescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Political Theory, Governance, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:52-55
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:aeromedical evacuation; medical flight personnel; forward aeromedical evacuation; United States Air Force;
  • Summary/Abstract:We consider that the Air Force’s best option to attract and retain flight medical personnel is by cultivating a reputation of excellence in all medical and medical related activities, aspect that should imply superior opportunities for professional instruction and development. This involves competitive pay and real opportunities for promotions, but also includes the provision of a rich and diverse clinical environment, meeting standards set by social-professional specific organizations, and establishing new higher standards derived from evidence based research. Because it requires a lot of competence and expertise, things that comes from experience and it is a valued Air Force asset, flight medical personnel is considered to be an elite army specialty.
RISKS, THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES OF ROMANIAN NAVAL FORCES

RISKS, THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES OF ROMANIAN NAVAL FORCES
(RISKS, THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES OF ROMANIAN NAVAL FORCES)

  • Author(s):Nicu Chirea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:56-61
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:stability; risks; threats; vulnerabilities; instability; crisis;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Black Sea, as the eastern border of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, represents, from a geopolitical point of view, a contact area of the interests of the Russian Federation with the Western world and Euro-Atlantic institutions. In the medium and long term, developments in the Black Sea security environment will continue to be dominated by complex change trends, with direct and indirect implications for Romania and implicitly for the Romanian Navy.
NON-KINETIC OPERATIONS – CONCEPTUAL DELIMITATION, CHARACTERISTICS AND ASPECTS

NON-KINETIC OPERATIONS – CONCEPTUAL DELIMITATION, CHARACTERISTICS AND ASPECTS
(NON-KINETIC OPERATIONS – CONCEPTUAL DELIMITATION, CHARACTERISTICS AND ASPECTS)

  • Author(s):Adina Pintea, Alexandru-Dumitru Pintili, Ion Mitulețu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Political Sciences, Military policy, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:62-68
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:operation; non-kinetic; conflict; technology; psychological actions; domination;
  • Summary/Abstract:War has always been a contest between different actors, but the character of conflicts is changing over time. Technological progress, continuous changes in the geopolitical landscape as well as new operating concepts will permanently influence and change the international security environment. Nowadays, the most powerful actors in the international arena are concerned with identifying ways to exercise their supremacy without having to resort to force, destruction, etc. These methods are based on the use of tactics of deception, psychological actions, cyber attacks, economic actions, actions like SIGINT, HUMINT, GEOINT etc. All these actions can materialize in a non-kinetic operation that does not involve the physical strength of weapons, but determines where and when the opponent will act, or even more, can block him from using his weapons, or even turn them against him.
CYBERSPACE – THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES GENERATOR

CYBERSPACE – THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES GENERATOR
(CYBERSPACE – THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES GENERATOR)

  • Author(s):Alexandru-Dumitru Pintili
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Security and defense, Welfare systems, Politics and society
  • Page Range:69-74
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:cyber war; technology; threat; vulnerability; cybercrime; hacker;
  • Summary/Abstract: In the cyber era, when cybercrime is omnipresent and increasingly difficult to detect, it is mandatory for any institution that safety systems be designed in such a way that the risks be minimal. In general, most cyber attacks are discovered long after they have been made, when counteraction is no longer relevant, and in most cases, it all comes down to a few conclusions and an analysis of the impact on the systems targeted by that attack. Cyberspace is not just technology. Education, human capital, investments, etc. are a few important pillars in developing cyber security and limiting the threats and vulnerabilities of an institution. Being aware of the most important cyber threats and vulnerabilities, we can identify some countermeasures that can minimize our risks.
DILEMAS CONCERNING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE AND NATIONAL SECURITY CONCEPTS

DILEMAS CONCERNING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE AND NATIONAL SECURITY CONCEPTS
(DILEMAS CONCERNING THE NATIONAL DEFENSE AND NATIONAL SECURITY CONCEPTS)

  • Author(s):Sorina Ana Manea, Gelu Alexandrescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Security and defense, Welfare systems, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:75-79
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:defence; security; conceptual inflation;
  • Summary/Abstract: Security studies have tackled the two concepts, national defense and national security over the last twenty years repeatedly and systematically, and yet, on the social scene, the debates have not helped to shape clear meanings for the two concepts. Academic, analytical, political, and sometimes legislative efforts, though beneficial, sweep from the total separation of the two concepts, their subordination and their merger, which also confuses the social system as a whole.
THE PRACTICAL REALITY OF CYBERWAR

THE PRACTICAL REALITY OF CYBERWAR
(THE PRACTICAL REALITY OF CYBERWAR)

  • Author(s):Sorina Ana Manea, Gelu Alexandrescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Military policy, Welfare systems, Politics of History/Memory, Politics and Identity
  • Page Range:80-85
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:propaganda; subversion; cyber war; war; reification.;
  • Summary/Abstract:Do we really fight a cyber war? To see if that is as a reality we took another type of actions that was considered to be war some thirty years back, namely propaganda and subversion, and compared them to cyber war and, to gain more insight, we compared all of them to the concept of war. The insight offered by this approach shows that even though we live in a rapidly changing society, this change is often superficial and, as in other branches, the security environment tends to recycle a good idea. Many times we hear that cyber war affects our life by disrupting the normal flow of it. But is really a war what is causing this effect or the political rhetoric is using this stance to draw an alarm signal to the potential disastrous consequence of an attack carried out against the cyber infrastructure of a nation.
THE COALITION’S MILITARY ACTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN FROM „ENDURING FREEDOM” OPERATION TO „RESOLUTE SUPPORT” MISSION

THE COALITION’S MILITARY ACTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN FROM „ENDURING FREEDOM” OPERATION TO „RESOLUTE SUPPORT” MISSION
(THE COALITION’S MILITARY ACTIONS IN AFGHANISTAN FROM „ENDURING FREEDOM” OPERATION TO „RESOLUTE SUPPORT” MISSION)

  • Author(s):Traian Maghercă
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Welfare systems, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:86-92
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:military actions; operations; coalition; conflict; Afghanistan;
  • Summary/Abstract:In October 2001, the USA armed forces, supported by military units from United Kingdom, began the attack against the members of terrorist organizations located in Afghanistan, as an answer to the 9/11 terrorist actions on the US homeland. This conflict, which seems to be the longest in the modern history, began by military actions in „Enduring Freedom” Operation (OEF), resumed with International Security and Assistance Force (ISAF) operations, and today, after seventeen years, the coalition acts within the „Resolute Support” Mission (RSM). Meanwhile, the coalition’s armed forces have performed all types of military actions from the joint offensive operations, stability and security operations, counterinsurgency operations to training, advisement and assistance actions, all these in order to support the Afghan security forces to achieve the proper training level and to ensure a stable security environment in the Afghanistan territory.
THE 4th REVOLUTION AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON CONFLICTS

THE 4th REVOLUTION AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON CONFLICTS
(THE 4th REVOLUTION AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON CONFLICTS)

  • Author(s):Claudiu Marius Ionescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:93-99
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:war; digitization; industrial revolution; weapons; conflicts;
  • Summary/Abstract: With each passing year, we become increasingly dependent on technology, the digital revolution is moving at astonishing speeds, and millions of specialists are proposing new solutions with a rhythm that increases from year to year. The old generation is adapting with difficulty to the new digital society. Mankind is interconnected more and more through the Internet. Human society is changing at a faster pace than ever before. The Battle Theater moves into the virtual space, the battles are gaining the attention of the connected people and the accumulation of Big Data, and the main technological states are preparing to occupy celestial bodies in the vicinity of the Earth.
COMBAT POWER INDEX CALCULATION FOR AN ARMOURED BATTLEGROUP

COMBAT POWER INDEX CALCULATION FOR AN ARMOURED BATTLEGROUP
(COMBAT POWER INDEX CALCULATION FOR AN ARMOURED BATTLEGROUP)

  • Author(s):Florin-Ioan Cioancă, Gelu Alexandrescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:100-105
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:global security; armored battlegroup; potential combat power;
  • Summary/Abstract: The planning process of actions and operations requires to have sufficient and strong military forces on hand. These forces must be projected and formed to have a specific “value” of combat power. The “combat power” must be real, must last and obviously it must create effects on the enemy forces. The process of combat power index “evaluation” takes place through the integration of the values and weights of each component of the military force.
THE ROMANIAN ARMY’S CONTROL AT THE TIME OF THE WARSAW PACT’S CREATION

THE ROMANIAN ARMY’S CONTROL AT THE TIME OF THE WARSAW PACT’S CREATION
(THE ROMANIAN ARMY’S CONTROL AT THE TIME OF THE WARSAW PACT’S CREATION)

  • Author(s):Dan-Laurentiu Mocanu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Security and defense, Military policy, Welfare systems, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:106-109
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:the Warsow Pact; soviet counselors; Upper Political Division of the Army, purification.
  • Summary/Abstract:After World War II, at the initiative of the USSR, a military alliance was organized in the Eastern Communist bloc, in which the USSR took on the primary role of leadership and coordination. The so-called Warsaw Pact constituted, for the "armed forces" of the Romanian People's Republic, the end of the social transformations and the transition from the elitist royal army to the new soviet military establesment, purified and strongly ideologized on the basis of Stalinist principles.
GEOPOLITICS OF EUROMAIDAN: A NEW STRUGGLE FOR INFLUENCE IN PONTIC-BALTIC REGION

GEOPOLITICS OF EUROMAIDAN: A NEW STRUGGLE FOR INFLUENCE IN PONTIC-BALTIC REGION
(GEOPOLITICS OF EUROMAIDAN: A NEW STRUGGLE FOR INFLUENCE IN PONTIC-BALTIC REGION)

  • Author(s):Dan-Laurentiu Mocanu, Constantin Hlihor
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Welfare systems, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:110-117
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Ukraine; Baltic-Pontic region; struggle for influence; Euromaidan; hybrid wars; military confrontation.;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Baltic-Pontic Sea zone can be seen not just as a geographical area of Intermarium but aswell as Intermundium or the interface of the struggle between Western and Russian powers. From the Great Game and classical geopolitics associated with Halford Mackinder’s ‘Heartland’ thesis through the Cold War and geopolitical science interpretations of global ‘shatter zones’, the place of Pontic-Baltic area has assumed and maintained a central role in the studies of international relations. The paper sets out to explain the logic of dynamic patterns shaping this struggle for geopolitical influence in this area. The analysis starts from the conclusions voiced by analysts since 2014 that the Ukrainian area could become the scene for a military confrontation with Russia. The present article also reviews the recent debates and examines the insights gained from past developments in the region.
CONSIDERATIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A REFERENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MILITARY STRUCTURES

CONSIDERATIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A REFERENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MILITARY STRUCTURES
(CONSIDERATIONS ON THE EFFICIENCY OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AS A REFERENCE OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MILITARY STRUCTURES)

  • Author(s):Daniel Gheondea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Politics, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Welfare systems
  • Page Range:118-123
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:human resource management; military organization; organizational level; human resources efficiency;
  • Summary/Abstract: One of the central elements that ensures the success of the military organization is the efficient human resource management. In order to achieve this, it is important to first carefully plan each educational program aimed at training and specializing the officers, the warrant officers and the non-commissioned officers, and secondly, to fully understand all the tasks of the positions in the organizational chart of the military units throughout the country, so that training through courses would be fully in line with the real needs of the beneficiary. All these aspects, combined with permanent advice on the evolution of the military personnel at all chain of command levels, are prerequisites for the efficiency of the military organization. Through actual examples, we attempted to present a new approach to human resource planning from the point of view of organizational efficiency and a pertinent analysis of the means of implementing staff policies, viewed in terms of the superior-subordinate relationship
INTEGRATING THE ARTILLERY STRUCTURES’ ACTIONS INTO MULTINATIONAL JOINT OPERATIONS - REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES

INTEGRATING THE ARTILLERY STRUCTURES’ ACTIONS INTO MULTINATIONAL JOINT OPERATIONS - REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES
(INTEGRATING THE ARTILLERY STRUCTURES’ ACTIONS INTO MULTINATIONAL JOINT OPERATIONS - REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES)

  • Author(s):Ion Bălăceanu, Daniel Gheondea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Welfare systems, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:124-129
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:multinational joint operations; fire support, artillery;
  • Summary/Abstract:The standardization and the interoperability are the basic pillars of all multinational joint military operations in general and of those specific to artillery structures in particular. Regardless of the firing capabilities of a multinational coalition partner's artillery, regardless of the constructive performances of the cannons, of the ammunition or the possibilities of using its sensors, without a unitary integration of all the artillery structures in the sense of their permanent interaction and interconnection in order to provide efficient and effective fire support throughout the operation in a unitary manner with the allocation and gradual use of the available resources, with accessing the same fire control and command systems, the expected effects cannot be achieved. It is essential that all the artillery structures involved in these types of operations should use both similar command and control systems and standardized targeting procedures to allow their permanent interaction without any limitations or constraints so that, based on thorough planning, a maximum number of targets can be engaged with a maximum precision
MILITARY FORCES PROJECTION IN OPERATIONS

MILITARY FORCES PROJECTION IN OPERATIONS
(MILITARY FORCES PROJECTION IN OPERATIONS)

  • Author(s):Florin-Ioan Cioancă
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Welfare systems, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:130-134
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:military forces; military operations; the battlespace;
  • Summary/Abstract:The military forces configuration for their action in military operations requires an adaptive “projection” to modern battle environment. The flexibility in the new tactics and techniques approach thar can be used by a possible enemy will direct to projecting and formation of tactic level military forces using other methods than standard one. These projection “methods” must answer to principles of military forces employments in military operations.
GOODS AND SERVICES THAT MAY BE MADE AVAILABLE TO FOREIGN ARMED FORCES PARTICIPATING IN MILITARY ACTIVITIES ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY OF ROMANIA

GOODS AND SERVICES THAT MAY BE MADE AVAILABLE TO FOREIGN ARMED FORCES PARTICIPATING IN MILITARY ACTIVITIES ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY OF ROMANIA
(GOODS AND SERVICES THAT MAY BE MADE AVAILABLE TO FOREIGN ARMED FORCES PARTICIPATING IN MILITARY ACTIVITIES ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY OF ROMANIA)

  • Author(s):Stefan-Daniel Cotiga
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Welfare systems, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:135-140
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Host Nation Support-HNS; North Atlantic Treaty Organization-NATO; Joint Operations Area-JOA, Aerial;
  • Summary/Abstract: Host Nation Support, a concept specific to North-Atlantic Alliance, is implemented in all NATO member countries through the NATO Principles and Policies for Host Nation Support (MC 334/2) and the Allied Joint Support Nation Support Doctrine & Procedures (AJP-4.5(B)), publications in which it is defined as the "civil and military assistance rendered in peace, crisis and conflict by a Host Nation (HN) to Allied forces and organisations which are located on, operating in or transiting through the HN’s territory”1. We consider that it is essential in providing the Host Nation Support by Romania to determine the goods and services that can be made available to foreign armed forces participating in military activities on national territory, which is the reason why during this scientific communication we will deal with the main categories of logistic support may be made available to foreign Armed Forces participating in military activities on the national territory of Romania and we will make some considerations about national APOD / SPOD / RPOD facilities.
NATO SUBUNITS, UNITS AND COMMANDS ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY OF ROMANIA

NATO SUBUNITS, UNITS AND COMMANDS ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY OF ROMANIA
(NATO SUBUNITS, UNITS AND COMMANDS ON THE NATIONAL TERRITORY OF ROMANIA)

  • Author(s):Stefan-Daniel Cotiga
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:141-146
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:North Atlantic Treaty Organization-NATO, Romania; Final Operating Capability-FOC; Headquarters; Comand and Control (C2); collective defence;
  • Summary/Abstract:As a result of the frequent violation of international treaties on disarmament, armed forces deployment and interference by some states in the internal affairs of other states, suspicions and distrust have grown and existing conflicts have increased, complicating increasingly the relations between the states of the world. Among the most visible measures taken by NATO in response to the recent aggressive actions of the Russian Federation are the establishment of NATO military command structures on the Romanian territory, these actions having as main objectives: strengthening of deterrence and collective defense positions of the North Atlantic Alliance and the realization of an efficient and complete chain of command between the NATO structures that are on the Romanian territory and the Joint Force Command (JFC) in Naples.
EUROPEAN UNION COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF BREXIT

EUROPEAN UNION COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF BREXIT
(EUROPEAN UNION COMMON SECURITY AND DEFENSE POLICY IN THE CONTEXT OF BREXIT)

  • Author(s):Otilia Caraza (Lehaci)
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:149-153
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:union; security; defense; policies; cohesion;
  • Summary/Abstract:The accumulation of increasing tensions and the high doubts regarding the future cohesion of Europe results mainly from the activity of states that do not answer the demands of the economic policies imposed at the European Union level and the security challenges in the same context. As long as the European institutions establish the monetary policy for the states in the euro zone, yet the capitals of member states preserve their autonomy regarding fiscal and security responsibilities – the less wealthy members, those who are already largely indebted and have lower perspectives of growth, will develop their own security approach. The rising frustration determined by the eruptive phenomenon of migration, the slow and unequal growths and the chronic character of unemployment issues are going to stimulate phenomena such as BREXIT, nativism / nationalism and the inclination for finding national solutions to continental problems.
LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANISMS INTENDED FOR CIVIL PROTECTION MISSIONS IN ROMANIA

LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANISMS INTENDED FOR CIVIL PROTECTION MISSIONS IN ROMANIA
(LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND MECHANISMS INTENDED FOR CIVIL PROTECTION MISSIONS IN ROMANIA)

  • Author(s):Florin Laurentiu Giusca, Eduard Paul Petrescul
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:154-158
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:civil protection, human insecurity; administrative legal instruments and mechanisms; emergency situations;
  • Summary/Abstract:The fundamental right to a healthy environment imposes civil protection duties on the protection of people against the effects of disasters and armed conflicts, this right being corroborated with the right to public health. Law no. 481/2004 defines civil protection, establishes the principles underlying the organization and conduct of civil protection activities, the attributions and organization of civil protection, the rights and obligations of citizens, as well as the responsibilities of various bodies, public and private, in the field of civil protection. It also establishes ways of preparing for civil protection, measures to protect the food security of the population Ministries, autonomous public authorities and other specialized bodies of the central public administration elaborate plans and programs for the implementation of civil protection measures, ensure the management and management of the situations of urgency, providing the necessary resources for interventions and participating in the work of emergency committees. The Ministries, the Autonomous Public Authorities and the other specialized bodies of the central public administration draw up plans and programs for the implementation of civil protection measures, ensure the management and management of emergencies, ensure the necessary resources for interventions and participate in the work of emergency committees. civil protection are areas specially designed for protection in specific situations, designed, executed, equipped, equipped and authorized according to the norms and technical instructions elaborated by the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations and approved by the Minister of Internal Affairs.
COMMUNITY POLICIES – A POSSIBLE VECTOR OF ROMANIAN NATIONAL SECURITY

COMMUNITY POLICIES – A POSSIBLE VECTOR OF ROMANIAN NATIONAL SECURITY
(COMMUNITY POLICIES – A POSSIBLE VECTOR OF ROMANIAN NATIONAL SECURITY)

  • Author(s):Otilia Caraza (Lehaci)
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:159-163
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:communitarian policies; security; threats, initiative;
  • Summary/Abstract:The international environment, although stabilized for quite a while in the area of multi-polarity, from the point of view of overall characteristics, continues to be a fluid environment, strongly influenced by the political agenda and the external actions of the significant actors. Moreover, the current context is still marked by essential uncertainties regarding the future likelihood of a major war, of its costs and potential of escalation. At the same time, these uncertainties suggest potential opportunities for community states to reduce the most serious disparities through community measures and policies meant to build trust, to increase resilience and promote agreements of inter-institutional cooperation and to thus prevent the potential employment of the most unstable military capabilities or potentially aggressive technologies. In a chaotic, yet highly connected, world, a long-term perspective upon community policies demands that we ask ourselves difficult questions regarding the actions and choices made today that are bound to have serious consequences in the next decades.
MONEY LAUNDERING. TOPIC OF THE FINANCIAL-BANKING SYSTEM

MONEY LAUNDERING. TOPIC OF THE FINANCIAL-BANKING SYSTEM
(MONEY LAUNDERING. TOPIC OF THE FINANCIAL-BANKING SYSTEM)

  • Author(s):Florin Laurentiu Giusca, Eduard Paul Petrescul
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:164-171
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:money laundering; specific requirements for financial institutions; ways to prevent money laundering in the Romanian banking system;
  • Summary/Abstract: Transparency and the health of financial markets are key elements in the efficient functioning of savings, but they can be jeopardized by money laundering. Obtaining "black money", mainly from the underground economy and corruption, is generally a unanimously condemned activity in all countries of the world, but the process of recycling funds, due to the harmless look that they can get, harsh competition on the international capital market
DOCTRINAL APPROACHES RELATED TO THE CAUSES OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY CRISIS

DOCTRINAL APPROACHES RELATED TO THE CAUSES OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY CRISIS
(DOCTRINAL APPROACHES RELATED TO THE CAUSES OF INTERNATIONAL SECURITY CRISIS)

  • Author(s):Tomita Zavoianu, Constantin Iordache
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:172-176
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:international security crises; risks and threats to regional security; public communication in conflict situations;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Charter of the United Nations emphasizes the importance of respecting the principle of national sovereignty and the need to develop international cooperation, states being the original subjects of international public law. Some international crises, potential risks and threats to regional security require that appropriate military decisions be made in compliance with international public law. The quasi-permanent phenomenon of international relations, the political-military alliances are a fundamental component of world politics, a way of promoting the interests of the member states.
VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUPPORT HUMAN SECURITY

VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUPPORT HUMAN SECURITY
(VARIOUS CONTRIBUTIONS TO SUPPORT HUMAN SECURITY)

  • Author(s):Filofteia Repez
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:177-182
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:human security; contributions; international organizations; education; culture; science; technology, example;
  • Summary/Abstract: Human security is a widely debated issue at international, regional and national levels. Launched by the United Nations Development Programme in 1994, the concept of human security has grown further remarkable that the human being is placed as main reference on the security agenda. Through this document, the seven levels (or components) of human security have been established: economic security (ensuring a minimum income for every individual); food security (access for every individual to basic nutrition); health security (guaranteeing a minimum protection against disease to prevent diseases); environmental security (protection of individuals against natural disasters or against the implications of the natural environment’s deterioration); personal security namely protection of individuals against physical violence from inside or outside the state); community security (protection of individuals to maintain and perpetuate their relations and traditional values and protection against ethnic or segregation violence); and political security (ensuring a standard of living in accordance with fundamental human rights and securing individual and group freedoms against any vicious attempts to exercise control over them). Education, culture, science and technology bring important contributions to support human security along with the numerous regional and international organizations. Starting from this, as well as from studying a relevant bibliography, the present paper aims to provide an opening in approaching an interesting subject - various contributions to support human security.
CONSIDERATIONS ON SOCIAL SECURITY. ASPECTS OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN GERMANY

CONSIDERATIONS ON SOCIAL SECURITY. ASPECTS OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN GERMANY
(CONSIDERATIONS ON SOCIAL SECURITY. ASPECTS OF SOCIAL SECURITY IN GERMANY)

  • Author(s):Filofteia Repez
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:183-191
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:societal security; communities; identity; refugees; threat; opportunity; Germany;
  • Summary/Abstract: Social security refers to the perceived aptitude for the survival of a community’s identity. At different historical stages, identity communities were diverse - religious groups, clans, tribes, ethnic groups, nations, etc. Communities or identity groups are concerned about their survival by preserving their ethnic and national identity. The identity of a community is defined as a set of ideas and practices that identify individuals as members of a social community (group). Societal insecurity occurs when communities of all kinds define a threat to their identity and survival. According to representatives of the Copenhagen School of Security Studies, threats to social security are diverse; example: migration, horizontal competition, vertical competition, depopulation. With these benchmarks, the present scientific approach aims to bring to the attention of those interested in this complex topic a series of theoretical considerations on social security as well as practical aspects of social security in Germany, a state of the European Union confronted with problems of immigration; at the end of this scientific approach, we will focus on identifying possible answers to a pertinent question “Can refugees/immigrants be a threat or opportunity to the social security of Germany?”
POLICIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ORGANIZATIONS AND ARMED FORCES STRATEGIES REGARDING UNSCR 1325 “WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY” MAINSTREAMING

POLICIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ORGANIZATIONS AND ARMED FORCES STRATEGIES REGARDING UNSCR 1325 “WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY” MAINSTREAMING
(POLICIES OF THE INTERNATIONAL SECURITY ORGANIZATIONS AND ARMED FORCES STRATEGIES REGARDING UNSCR 1325 “WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY” MAINSTREAMING)

  • Author(s):Daniel Dumitru, Silvia Vesa (Stanciu)
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:192-196
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:UNSCR 1325; gender pillars; equality; inclusive framework; mainstreaming; capability;
  • Summary/Abstract: The adoption of the UNSCR 1325 “Women, peace and security” and its follow-up resolutions has created in the recent years a formalized and enforced normative, aimed to improve women’s security during and after armed conflicts. In this context, the pillars of “Women, peace and security” have become a central theme on the agendas of NATO, UE and OSCE, who have taken the lead in implementing and developing this complex dimension. In their recent policies, strategies and action plans regarding gender equality, the security organizations have designed an inclusive framework oriented towards creating a sustainable security environment. Nevertheless, they have also committed to further enhance the operational impact of gender mainstreaming for the armed forces as well as to explore the trends of efficiently incorporating gender perspective, as a reliable capability, into all peace and security efforts.
THE SOFT POWER CONCEPT - A STRATEGY FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

THE SOFT POWER CONCEPT - A STRATEGY FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
(THE SOFT POWER CONCEPT - A STRATEGY FOR INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS)

  • Author(s):Andra-Ioana Pînzariu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense
  • Page Range:197-202
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Summary/Abstract:In the theory of International Relations, the notion of “power” is the starting point of most of the conceptions of political thinking, being the basic category that determines the state’s behaviour in its external relations. The power of a state on the international arena consists, first of all, in the ability to influence the behaviour of another state in the desired direction, the ability to establish different forms of state dependence on one another: direct dependencies, using military force, or indirect dependencies, by the method of convincing or offering advantages through the economic element. Both of these strategies are considered part of the concept of hard power. Though the military and economic force are maintaining their importance, the main global transformations are related to the use of non-military parameters of power. Therefore, to the elements of hard power there was a need to add the concept of soft power, the ability to convince and attract in a positive manner. Soft power embeds the cultural, ideological and institutional force of a state. In this respect, we are going to overview and analyse the concept of soft power and its development over the years.
GENDER INTELLIGENCE – AN INNOVATIVE STRATEGY FOR ADRESSING STEREOTYPES SPECIFIC TO THE REALM OF APPLIED SECURITY AND DEFENSE

GENDER INTELLIGENCE – AN INNOVATIVE STRATEGY FOR ADRESSING STEREOTYPES SPECIFIC TO THE REALM OF APPLIED SECURITY AND DEFENSE
(GENDER INTELLIGENCE – AN INNOVATIVE STRATEGY FOR ADRESSING STEREOTYPES SPECIFIC TO THE REALM OF APPLIED SECURITY AND DEFENSE)

  • Author(s):Silvia Vesa (Stanciu)
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:203-206
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:gender intelligence; stereotype; diversity; leadership;
  • Summary/Abstract:Gender Intelligence is an understanding of and appreciation for the naturally occurring characteristics that distinguish men and women beyond their biological and cultural differences, to include attitudinal and behavioral differences. For this reason, organizations that practice Gender Intelligence have a true culture of inclusiveness and manage better in addressing stereotypes related to their field of activity. Regarding security and defense, which is known to be a male dominated sector, the idea of using gender perspective as a strategy to secure and retain the best talent, in order to make better strategic decisions and with a maximum operational efficiency, brings out front a series of specific stereotypes that place men and women in opposite postures. Furthermore, Gender Intelligence works as a beacon for talented professionals, whose value of efforts transcends ones biologically determined characteristics, and instills a culture that favors differentthinking, all with the purpose of creating a perfect blend of men and women capable of creating a long term strategic and competitive advantage in terms of security and defense.
TERRORISM PROLIFERATION – RADICALISATION PHENOMENON IN EUROPE

TERRORISM PROLIFERATION – RADICALISATION PHENOMENON IN EUROPE
(TERRORISM PROLIFERATION – RADICALISATION PHENOMENON IN EUROPE)

  • Author(s):Ana-Raluca Stan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:207-214
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:radicalisation; (auto) radicalisation; migration; terrorism; globalization; Europe;
  • Summary/Abstract:This new type of Islamist terrorism is linked both to the fundamentalist movements that proliferate in the complex Muslim world, and to the widespread of Jihad ideas in the major Islamic communities of Western Europe. Beyond immediate risks, terrorism threatens openness and tolerance, principles specific to democratic societies, expressing doubt on the very foundation of contemporary secular regimes. In recent years, a particularly dangerous phenomenon is emerging through its unpredictability – the radicalisation of thousands of Muslim youth who do their “apprenticeship” on the fronts of Syria, Iraq, North Africa, etc. and which then return to the old European continent. They are defined as real “time bombs” not only for the countries where they live, practically for the entire community space, as a result of free movement at EU level. Reducing and eliminating the Islamist radicalisation process is one of the main challenges for European societies and a task of utmost importance for intelligence services.
DAVID AND GOLIATH: SOVEREIGNTY VERSUS INTERNATIONALIZATION

DAVID AND GOLIATH: SOVEREIGNTY VERSUS INTERNATIONALIZATION
(DAVID AND GOLIATH: SOVEREIGNTY VERSUS INTERNATIONALIZATION)

  • Author(s):Teodor Frunzeti, Lisa-Maria Achimescu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:215-225
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:sovereignty; internationalization; fragmentation; sovereign state.;
  • Summary/Abstract:The world that we’ve known thus far is that of a fundamentally unchallenged sovereignty of state actors for more than three centuries, since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. Unfortunately, the concept of states as a self- governing, independent entities yields under the combined pressure of monetary unions, the internet, global television, social media, governmental and non-governmental organizations. In this article, we propose to examine the effect of internationalization on the concept of sovereignty of states and how nation states have metamorphosed and adapted to the challenges of internationalization, the fragmentation of international law and the ever changing balance of power. Nowadays international multilateral institutions such as the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, and the International Monetary Fund overstep their boundaries by advocating for universal standards, which can become perilous for the scope of state authority. It is our aim to analyze just how much internationalization has affected state sovereignty and to what extent is the classical concept of sovereign state still a valid landmark in international law.
NATIONAL SECURITY CULTURE - THE IMPERATIVE OF THE OPEN SOCIETY

NATIONAL SECURITY CULTURE - THE IMPERATIVE OF THE OPEN SOCIETY
(NATIONAL SECURITY CULTURE - THE IMPERATIVE OF THE OPEN SOCIETY)

  • Author(s):Claudiu Saftoiu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:226-234
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:security; convergence communication; security concepts; politics&security;
  • Summary/Abstract:Romania is not the only country where significant gaps in security culture among political decision makers and civil society make their presence felt. The frequent terminology confusion, as well as the ignorance of political decision-makers. The politician is confronted with a military system, which is organised and disciplined and which they must collaborate with, so as to achieve national security objectives through political and administrative levers. The political entities involved with the national security decision-making process - the Presidency, the Government, the Parliament, the line ministries - have the institutional capacity to manage strategic communication, but are tributary to political-electoral cycling behaviours
EUROPEAN UNION REGIONAL/GLOBAL POWERHOUSE OF THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD

EUROPEAN UNION REGIONAL/GLOBAL POWERHOUSE OF THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
(EUROPEAN UNION REGIONAL/GLOBAL POWERHOUSE OF THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD)

  • Author(s):Petru-Cristian Vintilă
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:235-239
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Europe; Russia; United States of America; security; regional, power;
  • Summary/Abstract:A short review about the security of the European Union, its allies, its enemies, its military and economical power. The nowadays threats regarding its energetic security and also its military one. Actions conducted by Russia and by the United States of America. Strengths and weaknesses. Political overview
RUSSIA’S COMEBACK TO POWER POLITICS

RUSSIA’S COMEBACK TO POWER POLITICS
(RUSSIA’S COMEBACK TO POWER POLITICS)

  • Author(s):Violeta-Elena DĂSCĂLEŢ (NICOLESCU)
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:240-245
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Russia; Ukraine; power politics; NATO; deterrence; Eastern Flank;
  • Summary/Abstract:The current security environment in Europe resembles, in a certain way, the long-gone times of the Cold War. Is it time for NATO to return back to basics? The hereby paper generally elaborates on Russia’s track from a NATO partner to a state with aggressive posture in the Allied Eastern Flank, with the aim of regaining the power it once held. Going through its actions against Georgia and Ukraine and observing the Russian influence in the Republic of Moldova, we ask ourselves the legitimate question whether NATO’s response to the Russian Federation’s aggressive actions against Ukraine in 2014, hence the deterrence and defence measures taken so far, are enough to provide collective security for the all Allies on the Eastern Flank. Debating on Russia’s main reason for its actions in the region, the hereby paper will conclude on the necessity for NATO to have a clear strategy on Russia’s assertive actions on the Eastern Flank.
ANALYSIS OF MARITIME SECURITY COMPONENTS FROM A REALIST PERSPECTIVE

ANALYSIS OF MARITIME SECURITY COMPONENTS FROM A REALIST PERSPECTIVE
(ANALYSIS OF MARITIME SECURITY COMPONENTS FROM A REALIST PERSPECTIVE)

  • Author(s):Ioan Crăciun, Auraș Liviu COMAN
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:246-250
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:realism; maritime security; instruments of national power;
  • Summary/Abstract:From a realistic perspective, maritime security represents for Romania a key means of promoting the Romanian interests on the Black Sea and Danube river. In the absence of a maritime security strategy, our country can not promote the instruments of national power on Black Sea and the Danube River, as riparian states, NATO and EU often have divergent political, economic and diplomatic goals. Romania, using all instruments of national power, must reaffirm itself in the Black Sea and restore a balance of forces, and in particular to make every effort to restore a climate of mutual security and trust, while supporting the EuroAtlantic interests in region. At this time, when the political-military alliances in the region have become more and more diluted, military regional initiatives have almost been abolished (less OBSH, Turkey's maritime security operation in the Black Sea), the CSBM Initiative (Confidence and security Building Measures) and Open Sky, have become increasingly formal.
ASSESSING ROMANIA'S SOCIETAL SECURITY USING COMPLEXITY METHODOLOGY

ASSESSING ROMANIA'S SOCIETAL SECURITY USING COMPLEXITY METHODOLOGY
(ASSESSING ROMANIA'S SOCIETAL SECURITY USING COMPLEXITY METHODOLOGY)

  • Author(s):Ioan Crăciun, Octavian Victor Mihail Dima
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Government/Political systems, International relations/trade, Security and defense, Military policy, Politics and Identity, Peace and Conflict Studies
  • Page Range:251-255
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:societal security; societal trends; adaptive policy making; societal security resilience;
  • Summary/Abstract: Societal security, is an extremely important domain of Romania’s contemporary security which needs to be reassessed and revaluated by using new analytical methodologies. This article aims at evaluating Romania’s societal security using the societal trends to 2030 identified by RAND Europe in its project “An Analysis of Global Societal Trends to 2030 and their Impact on the EU”. The research will focus on the long term policy challanges Romania should prioritise for the next decade and boyound considering five main societal trends: the rise of a new global middle class, the growing and ageing population, employment and the changing labour market, evolving patterns and impacts of migration, connected societies and empowered individuals.
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