Proceedings of the41st International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Proceedings of the 41st International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities
Contributor(s): Nicoleta-Elena Heghes (Editor)
Subject(s): Business Economy / Management, Higher Education , Criminology, Economic development, Financial Markets, Accounting - Business Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Keywords: Social Sciences; Humanities; Education; Artificial Intelligence; Management
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the 41st International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities held at The Erdman Center, Princeton, NJ, USA, on August 7-8, 2025.
- Page Count: 264
- Publication Year: 2025
- Language: English
Reconstitution of Labor Process Analysis for Algorithmic Management and Platform Work
Reconstitution of Labor Process Analysis for Algorithmic Management and Platform Work
(Reconstitution of Labor Process Analysis for Algorithmic Management and Platform Work)
- Author(s):Severin Hornung
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Labor relations
- Page Range:1-9
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:labor process theory; critical structuralism; algorithmic management; platform work; techno-economic despotism; biopolitical governance; resistance;
- Summary/Abstract:This brief narrative review traces the evolution of labor process analysis from its industrial inception to its current reinvigorated application to algorithmic management and platform work in the gig economy. Core assumptions and postulates of Labor Process Theory (LPT) as a long-standing critical framework to analyze work and employment are reviewed. A previously introduced taxonomy of distinct waves of LPT research is extended with regard to the growing number of studies on algorithmic management. Exemplary contributions to this emerging body of literature are reviewed. Relevant theoretical frameworks and approaches are suggested to complement the perspective of LPT. Declared outdated or obsolete at various points, LPT has proven resilient, reconstituting itself as a central framework to analyze new regimes of work in terms of hybridized techno-economic despotism and hegemonic biopolitical governance. In a reflexive socio-historical perspective, LPT reveals a dialectic process with fractals of labor control and valorization reappearing in different configurations. Transcending other approaches, the immanent critique of LPT provides a comprehensive picture of the dynamics and dysfunctions of the capitalist mode of production over time and possibly in the future.
On the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment: Empirical Evidence from Selected Countries
On the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment: Empirical Evidence from Selected Countries
(On the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Employment: Empirical Evidence from Selected Countries)
- Author(s):Ahmet Koseoglu, Ali Gokhan Yucel
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Accounting - Business Administration, Human Resources in Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:10-17
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; employment; system GMM;
- Summary/Abstract:This study investigates the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment in a panel of selected countries. Using a dynamic framework, we employ the two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (System-GMM) estimator with Windmeijer correction to address endogeneity and account for the persistence of labor market dynamics. High-quality AI publications are used as a proxy to measure AI development. Employment is disaggregated by gender, skill level, and age groups to capture heterogeneous effects across the labor force. The empirical results indicate that AI adoption exerts differentiated effects on employment, with younger and low-skilled workers being more exposed to displacement risks, while high-skilled groups show signs of complementarity. These findings suggest that the labor market implications of AI are uneven and depend on demographic and skill characteristics. Policy implications emphasize the importance of targeted education, skill upgrading, and adaptive labor market policies to mitigate risks and harness the potential benefits of AI-driven technological change.
Changes in Enrollment and Socioeconomic Composition of the Colombian Higher Education System under the Free Tuition Policy
Changes in Enrollment and Socioeconomic Composition of the Colombian Higher Education System under the Free Tuition Policy
(Changes in Enrollment and Socioeconomic Composition of the Colombian Higher Education System under the Free Tuition Policy)
- Author(s):Jaime Andrés Sarmiento Espinel, Adriana Carolina Silva Arias
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Higher Education , State/Government and Education, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:18-26
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:higher education; educational policy; equality of educational opportunity; education financing; SDG 4; Colombia;
- Summary/Abstract:Colombia has followed the global trend of massification of higher education. However, in recent years, the Colombian State has sought to guarantee education rights for populations with significant access barriers by implementing a gradual free tuition policy. In 2019, the Duque administration initiated a strategy to subsidize tuition for vulnerable populations enrolled in public Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), including indigenous communities, victims of armed conflict, and individuals living in poverty or with limited income-generating capacity. In 2024, the Petro administration expanded its beneficiary population and improved the conditions to maintain the benefit. This paper utilizes administrative data to investigate whether the free tuition policy has effectively increased access to higher education for vulnerable populations or merely shifted the funding source without altering the socioeconomic profile of higher education students. This study examines the period from 2019 to 2024, covering the start of the free tuition policy through the first year of its new direction. The research highlights the challenges of implementing the universality of higher education in a middle-income country, particularly given the geographic disparities in the availability of HEIs.
Understanding Indian Gen Z Consumer Behavior towards Sustainability and Luxury in Fashion Choices
Understanding Indian Gen Z Consumer Behavior towards Sustainability and Luxury in Fashion Choices
(Understanding Indian Gen Z Consumer Behavior towards Sustainability and Luxury in Fashion Choices)
- Author(s):Annaji Sarma, Achanta Rajyalakshmi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Behaviorism, Marketing / Advertising
- Page Range:27-35
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:sustainability; Gen Z; luxury fashion; consumer behavior; ethical sourcing; brand innovation;
- Summary/Abstract:The integration of sustainability into luxury fashion is transforming the industry, driven by increasing consumer awareness, environmental concerns, and evolving societal values. This study explores the intersection of sustainability and luxury, focusing on consumer perceptions, preferences, and the challenges faced by luxury brands in adopting sustainable practices. Based on survey data, findings reveal that consumers prioritize eco-friendly production, ethical sourcing, and transparency in supply chains, with 89% of respondents agreeing that sustainability is essential for the future of luxury fashion. Key challenges for brands include the high cost of sustainable materials, maintaining exclusivity, and overcoming established business models. The study also highlights the unique potential of the Indian luxury market, where growing consumer awareness and homegrown brands contribute to sustainability efforts. Consumers increasingly align luxury with timeless quality, durability, and ethical practices, and are willing to pay a premium for sustainable luxury products. The research concludes that luxury brands must innovate and integrate sustainability into their core strategies to maintain relevance and credibility. By leading the shift toward sustainability, the luxury fashion can redefine its value proposition and influence the broader fashion industry, fostering a more sustainable and ethical future.
Exploring the Balanced Scorecard as an Innovation for Performance Optimization in Moroccan Family Businesses
Exploring the Balanced Scorecard as an Innovation for Performance Optimization in Moroccan Family Businesses
(Exploring the Balanced Scorecard as an Innovation for Performance Optimization in Moroccan Family Businesses)
- Author(s):Azzeddine Allioui
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics
- Page Range:116-126
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:family business; managerial innovation; balanced scorecard; performance management;
- Summary/Abstract:The characteristics that motivate the family firm, characterized by its highly specialized management, to embrace and implement the Balanced Scorecard are the subject of our study. Consequently, we conduct an inductive longitudinal case study inside a craft firm that has identified a potential risk of activity deceleration over the course of two years. The findings demonstrate the significant impact that a manager's substantial degree of managerial innovation adoption has. Additionally, it is essential to consider the components of training and consultant engagement. The mobilization of external and internal intermediates enabled inventive expression in the configuration and use of the tool thus selected, which is a prerequisite for the legitimization of the instrument via the dedication of the various players (family and workers).
Revolutionizing Cyber Science Education with Artificial Intelligence
Revolutionizing Cyber Science Education with Artificial Intelligence
(Revolutionizing Cyber Science Education with Artificial Intelligence)
- Author(s):Angela D. Spencer
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Higher Education , ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Distance learning / e-learning
- Page Range:36-44
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; Computers; Cybersecurity; Science; STEM Education;
- Summary/Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially transform teaching and learning in cyber science as it can be integrated into the curriculum at a more personal, interactive level. Implementing intelligent tutoring systems powered by AI can analyze each learner’s requirements, adjusting instruction optimally to understand and achieve skills in cybersecurity, data science, and digital forensics. Besides, AI can create immersive environments that enable students to simulate real-world, dynamic cyber threats and learn how to solve them. Implementing AI in cyber science education will not only improve engagement but also help prepare students to cope with challenges presented by the digital world. Still, with the advancement in AI, it is vital to remain critical and ethical in the practices of its application for education, placing primary focus on learner-centric approaches while dealing with privacy, bias, and data security issues. Further studies need to focus on the need for interdisciplinary approaches to ensure the responsible and practical use of AI in cyber science education and its contextual social, cultural, and ethical issues.
Framing Dignity in the Debate on Requested Death
Framing Dignity in the Debate on Requested Death
(Framing Dignity in the Debate on Requested Death)
- Author(s):Deeb Paul Kitchen
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Ethics / Practical Philosophy, Health and medicine and law, Family and social welfare
- Page Range:45-52
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:autonomy; dignity; euthanasia; physician-assisted suicide; vulnerability; social movements;
- Summary/Abstract:Requested death raises ethical questions about autonomy, dignity, and protecting vulnerable populations. This paper defines 'requested death' as patient-initiated end-of-life practices, including PAS (where the physician provides but does not administer the means), euthanasia (where the provider performs the act), and death with dignity laws (which permit self-administered aid under certain conditions). This study uses Charmaz’s grounded theory and Rhoades and Rhoads’ discourse analysis to examine how both sides use narrative framing and advocacy to shape policy and public opinion. Supporters emphasize autonomy and compassion. Critics stress risks to marginalized groups and appeal to shared responsibility. The analysis uses media, legal, organizational, and personal sources to examine how the meanings of dignity are constructed and contested. The findings advocate policies that address individual and structural factors in end-of-life care.
Strategic Frameworks for Tax Evasion and Trust-Based Mechanisms: Financial Integrity and Risk Management Practices
Strategic Frameworks for Tax Evasion and Trust-Based Mechanisms: Financial Integrity and Risk Management Practices
(Strategic Frameworks for Tax Evasion and Trust-Based Mechanisms: Financial Integrity and Risk Management Practices)
- Author(s):Aya Ouchene, Azzeddine Allioui
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Criminology, Financial Markets, Fiscal Politics / Budgeting
- Page Range:53-58
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:tax fraud; compliance; VAT fraud; internal controls; tax advisors; advanced technologies;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper discussеs thе tоpic оf tаx frаud аnd prеsеnts sоlutiоns tо hеlp businеssеs cоmply with rеgulаtiоns. Tаx frаud cаn tаkе vаriоus fоrms, such аs undеrrеpоrting incоmе, mаnipulаting invоicеs, VАT frаud, аnd intеrnаtiоnаl tаx еvаsiоn. Thеsе illеgаl prаcticеs cаn hаvе sеvеrе cоnsеquеncеs, bоth fоr businеssеs аnd fоr public finаncеs. By еxplоring thеsе typеs оf frаud, thе study highlights thе criticаl rоlе оf tаx аdvisоrs in idеntifying incоnsistеnciеs аnd аssеssing risks. It аlsо prоpоsеs rеcоmmеndаtiоns tо strеngthеn cоmpliаncе, such аs еnhаncing intеrnаl cоntrоls, imprоving thе prоcеss fоr vеrifying suppliеrs, аnd using аdvаncеd tеchnоlоgiеs tо dеtеct suspiciоus аctivitiеs. Thе paper thеn еxаminеs thе impаct оf VАT withhоlding, а mеаsurе thаt cаn hеlp prеvеnt tаx frаud. By аdоpting thеsе аpprоаchеs, businеssеs cаn rеducе thе risk оf cоstly pеnаltiеs аnd еstаblish strоng rеlаtiоnships with tаx аuthоritiеs.
Technology Innovation and Creativity Process in Coffee Drinking Business
Technology Innovation and Creativity Process in Coffee Drinking Business
(Technology Innovation and Creativity Process in Coffee Drinking Business)
- Author(s):Elvy Maria Manurung, Tahta Alfina
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic development
- Page Range:59-68
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:technology innovation; creativity process; entrepreneurship; coffee drinking culture; sustainability;
- Summary/Abstract:The coffee drinking culture has become a part of daily life. Many studies have been conducted on the coffee business, coffee drinking culture, and technological advancements. However, there is still a lack of focus on the creativity process and the impact of the coffee drinking culture. This research focuses on the technological changes in coffee machines, especially the transition from manual to semi-automatic roasting machines, and how this affects the coffee beverage business and the coffee drinking culture. Using observation and several interviews with three entrepreneurs in the coffee drinking businesses in West Java, Indonesia, the research findings indicate that coffee machine technology has been utilized to develop the coffee beverage business and has contributed to changing the landscape of coffee drinking culture in Indonesia. Coffee drinking now serves as a beverage and a symbol of social status and individual identity. The four steps of the creativity process by Richard Florida confirmed that business continuity needs to adopt four stages: preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification. If one or several creative ethos are skipped, business sustainability will be impacted.
Human Voice, Digital Response: The Path of Crisis Lines Towards Artificial Intelligence in Eastern Europe
Human Voice, Digital Response: The Path of Crisis Lines Towards Artificial Intelligence in Eastern Europe
(Human Voice, Digital Response: The Path of Crisis Lines Towards Artificial Intelligence in Eastern Europe)
- Author(s):Norbert Sajó
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Economic development
- Page Range:69-76
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:crisis lines; introduction; social; artificial intelligence; Eastern Europe;
- Summary/Abstract:In the context of Romania's digital transformation, AI is gaining ground, triggering significant changes in both the public and private sectors, for example, in the automation of public employees' work and the development of public services. The use of AI is widespread among young people in Romania, but trust in the infallibility of the technology can also pose challenges in managing crisis situations. In terms of the social situation, Romania has a complex social structure with multiple ethnic and cultural groups, which influences the diversity of problems articulated through crisis lines, including economic, identity, health, and social crises. Telephone crisis lines are, therefore, not only a response to individual crises, but also play a key role in the interaction between social tensions and digital technologies. The aim of this research is to explore how AI can be integrated effectively and ethically into the functioning of crisis lines, while being sensitive to the diverse forms of crisis in Romanian society, and to contribute to the international professional discourse in the field of AI-based psychosocial support.
Back but Not Home: Reintegration Realities and Returnee Resilience in Pakistan
Back but Not Home: Reintegration Realities and Returnee Resilience in Pakistan
(Back but Not Home: Reintegration Realities and Returnee Resilience in Pakistan)
- Author(s):Angela Ampuero Arriagada, K. Kathy Meyer-Ross
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Individual Psychology, Migration Studies
- Page Range:77-84
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:return migration; reintegration; social stigma; informal economy; psychosocial support;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the reintegration of returnees in Pakistan based on field research carried out in December 2024, in partnership with two local organizations. The paper looks at the socio-economic and psychological aspects of reintegration, evaluates the current reintegration programs and lists areas to develop a better cooperation with international partners such as StartHope@home. According to the interviews, returnees often face three main challenges: economic sustainability, social stigma, and mental health problems. The Pakistani labor market absorbs 1.5 million new entrants annually (World Bank, 2013; Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, 2022); therefore, most returnees find economic support through self-employment in sectors such as agriculture, dairy farming, and small trading. On the social front, returnees are subjected to societal scrutiny, emotional loneliness, and feelings of failure. One of these organizations focuses on business development and family involvement, while the other one provides psychosocial counseling and raises awareness through storytelling. Both organizations emphasize the importance of holistic approaches in reintegration, including long-term accompaniment, mental health, and community integration. It is estimated that 25 percent of the returnees re-migrate, with 7 percent returning to Europe. The study concludes with recommendations for skills training, family-oriented business models, and psychosocial support. Strengthening cooperation with local agents and improving data on reintegration outcomes are key to achieving sustainable returns. These findings also present an opportunity to policymakers and practitioners who intend to investigate how to strengthen reintegration measures in Pakistan and beyond.
A Case Study on Ghana’s Cybersecurity Posture: Strengthening Cybercrime Enforcement and Regional Cooperation in West Africa
A Case Study on Ghana’s Cybersecurity Posture: Strengthening Cybercrime Enforcement and Regional Cooperation in West Africa
(A Case Study on Ghana’s Cybersecurity Posture: Strengthening Cybercrime Enforcement and Regional Cooperation in West Africa)
- Author(s):Cedric Nartey, Samson Quaye, Maurice Dawson
- Language:English
- Subject(s):National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Criminology, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:85-96
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:cybersecurity; law enforcement; ECOWAS; cybercrime;
- Summary/Abstract:Given the borderless nature of cyber threats, this study examines the collaboration to combat cybercrime through legal frameworks and law enforcement in Ghana and its neighboring countries. Many West African countries still have underdeveloped cybersecurity laws or strategies. For instance, as of 2021, only 29 out of 54 African states had enacted cybersecurity legislation, and just 10 had a national cybersecurity strategy. This fluctuating landscape allows criminals to exploit jurisdictions with weaker laws. Ghana stands out as a regional leader—ranked among the top in Africa for cybersecurity maturity— taking steps in ratifying the Budapest Convention on Cybercrime and the African Union’s Malabo Convention. However, Ghanaian officials have cautioned that this progress “will be meaningless if other African countries do not develop along the same line, as cyber insecurity in one country has a real impact on another.” This study explores mechanisms to bolster regional enforcement: harmonizing laws through Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) initiatives, improving cross-border information sharing, and building capacity among police and judicial authorities to handle digital evidence. The topic directly engages law enforcement and democratic institutions, since a secure cyberspace is essential for stable governance. It aligns with current policy needs by offering practical recommendations—such as cooperative frameworks and mutual legal aid improvements—and theoretical grounding in how international law can be localized to enhance West Africa’s cybersecurity posture.
From Buffer to Catalysts: When Financial Institutions Unlock the Long-Run Poverty-Reducing Power of Remittances
From Buffer to Catalysts: When Financial Institutions Unlock the Long-Run Poverty-Reducing Power of Remittances
(From Buffer to Catalysts: When Financial Institutions Unlock the Long-Run Poverty-Reducing Power of Remittances)
- Author(s):Hany Navarra
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Financial Markets, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:97-106
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:remittances; poverty; financial development; institutional threshold; SDGs; panel data;
- Summary/Abstract:Remittances, the money migrant workers send to their origin country, are now a dominant external finance source for many developing countries, often surpassing official aid and foreign direct investment inflows. While widely recognized for supporting household consumption, their role in long-term poverty reduction remains contested. This study explores whether remittances only become developmentally effective under specific financial institutional conditions. Grounded in theories of absorptive capacity and institutional complementarity, it applies a dynamic panel threshold model to test whether financial system depth conditions the poverty-reducing impact of remittance inflows. Using panel data from 96 developing countries covering the period 2002 to 2021, the analysis identifies distinct regimes of remittance effectiveness. The findings offer a structural explanation for cross-country differences in remittance outcomes and provide new insight into how financial maturity shapes the developmental role of migrant transfers. Implications are drawn for SDGs related to poverty, financial access, and remittance cost reduction.
The Cost of AAU Youth Sports: Is Playing Sports Out of Reach?
The Cost of AAU Youth Sports: Is Playing Sports Out of Reach?
(The Cost of AAU Youth Sports: Is Playing Sports Out of Reach?)
- Author(s):Elizabeth Ekmekjian, Allison Snyder, Tricia Coxwell Snyder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social differentiation, Economic development, Sports Studies
- Page Range:107-115
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:youth sports; household spending; family income; socioeconomic disparities;
- Summary/Abstract:Close to 60 million United States (U.S.) school-aged children and seventy-five percent of American families participate in organized sports annually. American families spend around $40 billion per year on youth sports, and it is estimated that this amount will exceed $75 billion by 2026. This expenditure represents more than 7% of their total household spending. The average family spends between $700 and $1,000 per month on children's sports, with spending increasing by more than 50% during the past decade. This study examines the amount of money that the typical American family spends on youth sports and where they spend it. It also examines whether income, race, gender, and geographical location impact spending and the hours kids participate in youth sports. Using a survey questionnaire to gather data, we estimate a two-stage least squares model that examines the time and money families spend on youth sports and the demographic factors that impact whether a child participates and how many hours they play sports.
Building a Structured Reasoning AI Model for Legal Judgment in Telehealth Systems
Building a Structured Reasoning AI Model for Legal Judgment in Telehealth Systems
(Building a Structured Reasoning AI Model for Legal Judgment in Telehealth Systems)
- Author(s):Jinyuan Xu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:127-135
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:artificial intelligence; explainable AI; legal compliance; telehealth systems; semantic reasoning; health law;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper introduces a structured AI framework developed to support legal decision-making in telehealth environments. Most existing systems either rely on user declarations or conduct audits after the fact. Our model takes a different approach: it integrates legal reasoning into the AI’s core logic. The system is built on an architecture that includes structured semantic modeling, executable legal logic, and role-specific response generation. Beyond enabling real-time legality checks, the model also accounts for ambiguity in legal language by incorporating fuzzy clauses, confidence scores, and guidance pathways that reflect varying levels of legal certainty. Instead of treating compliance as a checklist imposed from outside, the model treats it as something that unfolds from within the system's logic. The result is an AI that can explain its decisions, adapt to legal environments, and support institutional accountability. This work offers a new perspective on how AI can operate not just as a tool, but as a responsible actor in regulated clinical systems, and points to new directions for designing legally responsive telehealth platforms.
Evaluating the Relationship Between ESG Disclosure and Corporate Financial Performance: A Study of SADC Stock Exchanges (2018-2024)
Evaluating the Relationship Between ESG Disclosure and Corporate Financial Performance: A Study of SADC Stock Exchanges (2018-2024)
(Evaluating the Relationship Between ESG Disclosure and Corporate Financial Performance: A Study of SADC Stock Exchanges (2018-2024))
- Author(s):Tseliso Isaiah Ramoeletsi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
- Page Range:136-151
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:ESG disclosure; financial performance; SADC; panel data; responsible investment;
- Summary/Abstract:This study investigates the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure on the financial performance of firms listed on selected Southern African stock exchanges. A quantitative, comparative research design was employed using panel data covering 2018 to 2024. The sample comprised 72 randomly selected companies—10 each from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE), Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE), Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange (DSE), Malawi Stock Exchange (MalSE), Lusaka Securities Exchange (LuSE), and Stock Exchange of Mauritius (SEM), and two from the Eswatini Stock Exchange (ESE)—resulting in 504 firm-year observations. ESG disclosures were assessed using a structured 30-item index based on GRI, SASB, and TCFD frameworks, scored on a 0–2 Likert scale. Corporate financial performance was measured using a Composite Financial Performance (CFP) indicator, derived by standardizing and averaging Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and panel regression. Findings indicate moderate ESG disclosure levels, with governance reporting being the most consistent. However, ESG scores exhibited no significant positive relationship with CFP, and environmental disclosures were negatively associated with financial performance, suggesting potential short-term cost implications. Traditional financial variables such as debt-to-equity ratio remained strong predictors of profitability. These results suggest that ESG practices among firms on Southern African stock exchanges are still evolving and may be driven more by compliance than strategic integration, limiting immediate financial benefits.
Challenges of Constitutional Justice in Romania
Challenges of Constitutional Justice in Romania
(Challenges of Constitutional Justice in Romania)
- Author(s):Elena Anghel
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Constitutional Law, EU-Legislation
- Page Range:152-159
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Constitutional Court; challenges; constitutional justice; supremacy of the Constitution; legislative dynamics; binding decisions; educational role;
- Summary/Abstract:Constitutional justice represents an essential component of the rule of law, ensuring compliance with the Constitution and the balance between the powers of the state. In Romania, this role is fulfilled by the Constitutional Court, a fundamental institution with a key role in the democratic framework: it acts as the guarantor of the supremacy of the Constitution, the rule of law, and the principle of separation and balance of powers. According to Romania’s Fundamental Law, the Constitutional Court is the guarantor of the supremacy of the Constitution, with the mission of ensuring that the entire body of legislation complies with fundamental norms and principles. The task of the Constitutional Court of Romania is not an easy one today, as constitutional justice faces multiple structural, institutional, and political challenges that affect citizens' trust in its decisions, and at times, their effectiveness. Among the dangers that affect legal security, which also represent challenges for constitutional justice, are the following: the intervention of the Constitutional Court in certain legislative processes or the adoption of decisions with high political impact, which often generate tensions between state institutions; legislative instability, which undermines belief in the perfectibility of the law, with the Constitutional Court often being called upon to rule on the lack of accessibility and predictability of legal provisions or on the abuse of the Government in regulating through emergency ordinances; non-compliance with the decisions of the Constitutional Court or the delayed or incomplete implementation of these decisions by the competent public authorities.
From Passive Observers to Local Actors: Influence of Media Framing on Environmental Engagement among Underserved Student Populations
From Passive Observers to Local Actors: Influence of Media Framing on Environmental Engagement among Underserved Student Populations
(From Passive Observers to Local Actors: Influence of Media Framing on Environmental Engagement among Underserved Student Populations)
- Author(s):Yuuki Donnelly
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:160-167
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:environmentalism; activism; media; rural; inequality; youth;
- Summary/Abstract:This study explores environmental awareness and engagement among rural, working-class students in the United States—a social group often identified as passive observers of youth activism. This research examines the underlying reasons for this phenomenon and the societal factors that drive individuals to participate in environmental initiatives. It is based on a survey and experimental research conducted among 90 community college students on Eastern Long Island, New York, most of whom are first-generation college students and come from relatively conservative, rural or small-town communities. After responding to questionnaires regarding their learning experience on environmental issues in school, participants were asked to view two short videos reporting on climate change with contrasting framings: one more global and science-driven, focusing on the causes and effects of climate change, and the other more local and narrative-driven, reporting small technological solutions. Their reactions to each report were collected in open- and closed-ended questions. The study indicates that most participants had minimal opportunities for learning about the environmental crisis in their prior education and community interactions, and they do not perceive the urgency of taking action. In addition, while they recognize the value of scientific validity, they are more inspired by optimistic narratives that highlight applications and achievable solutions in their real lives. These results underline that tailored communication strategies and curriculum reform play key roles. Especially in underserved collegiate populations, education and media framings that connect local relevance, emotional engagement and hopeful messaging are most effective in fostering sustainable awareness and civic engagement.
Social Adjustment of Adolescents Living with Stepparent Families in Pakistan
Social Adjustment of Adolescents Living with Stepparent Families in Pakistan
(Social Adjustment of Adolescents Living with Stepparent Families in Pakistan)
- Author(s):Akbar Ali
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Family and social welfare, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:168-172
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:adolescents; academic life; parental capital; parental practices; social adjustment;
- Summary/Abstract:This study focused on the crucial role of family in adolescents' adjustment in stepfamilies in Pakistan. The family, as the primary social institution, plays a central role in socialization and training, contributing to the social, personal, and academic adjustment of adolescents within both the family and society. The main objective of this study was to examine the challenges adolescents face when living in a stepfamily setup after a parental marital transition due to the death or divorce of one biological parent. Adolescents in stepparent families encounter multiple challenges that impact their social adjustment and personal lives, which may also impact their academic performance. Two key objectives were investigated: parental capital and parenting practices, and their influence on adolescents' adjustment in stepfamilies. The qualitative research conducted in this study was based on interviews with adolescents aged 13 to 19 years attending college. Data collected was analyzed using NVIVO software, and thematic analysis was conducted. The findings highlight the essential role of parental capital and parenting practices in the social adjustment of adolescents in stepparent families. This study recommends practical measures for the government to establish coaching and counselling centers to support adolescents, promote their wellbeing, and enhance their adjustment in their personal, family, social, and educational lives.
Cultural Memory in Motion: Pride and Shame in Ballet, Jazz, and Hip-Hop
Cultural Memory in Motion: Pride and Shame in Ballet, Jazz, and Hip-Hop
(Cultural Memory in Motion: Pride and Shame in Ballet, Jazz, and Hip-Hop)
- Author(s):Seungah Oh
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Theatre, Dance, Performing Arts, Sociology of Culture
- Page Range:176-180
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:pride-shame complex; national cultural memory; ballet; jazz; hip-hop; cultural capital; collective memory; embodied culture; social identity; cultural politics; historical injustice;
- Summary/Abstract:This study examines the pride–shame complex at work in national cultural memory through the lens of three dance traditions: ballet, jazz, and hip-hop. Ballet embodies nationalistic pride rooted in exclusionary aristocratic histories, whereas jazz and hip-hop provide marginalized communities with ways to negotiate shame and transform it into cultural power and resistance. Drawing on Bourdieu’s concept of cultural capital and Halbwachs’s theory of collective memory, the paper argues that the coexistence of pride and shame strengthens national identity. As an embodied cultural practice, dance gives shape to the tensions between celebration and exclusion, offering a means for ethical engagement with historical injustices and the promotion of an inclusive cultural memory. This study contributes to interdisciplinary discourses concerning social memory, identity, and cultural politics.
Looming Pilot Supply, Shortage and Proposed Solutions
Looming Pilot Supply, Shortage and Proposed Solutions
(Looming Pilot Supply, Shortage and Proposed Solutions)
- Author(s):Lucas Zarlengo
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Management and complex organizations, Economic development, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:181-189
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:pilot shortage; airline shortage; airline pilot shortage; airline pilot supply;
- Summary/Abstract:A pilot shortage issue has been raised several times over the past few decades, although several things have continued to change, such as the growing demand for air travel, fewer pilots in training, and the increased time required to become eligible to fly for airlines. Recent research and industry reports have identified a larger gap in the expected shortage of pilots. This finding is verified through the United States Federal Aviation Administration’s Civil Airmen data. The key finding is that the gap between available pilots and airline needs continues to widen. Regional airlines have considered pay to be an issue and have made adjustments, however, this is likely to be only a short-term solution. The COVID-19 pandemic may have delayed some of the issues, however. This paper details the historic and current challenges the industry faces with pilot availability, provides future projections, and outlines potential solutions that may help address the shortage.
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Financial Auditing to Optimize Efficiency, Risk Management, and Transparency
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Financial Auditing to Optimize Efficiency, Risk Management, and Transparency
(The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Financial Auditing to Optimize Efficiency, Risk Management, and Transparency)
- Author(s):Housseni Wague, Azzeddine Allioui
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:190-198
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:artificial intelligence; financial auditing; financial data analysis; audit risk; data management; financial regulation;
- Summary/Abstract:The financial audit landscape is changing rapidly, driven by globalization, technological innovation, and the growth of financial data. Traditional auditing methods are struggling to keep pace with this growing complexity, driving the need for a more efficient and accurate approach. Artificial intelligence (AI) plays a crucial role in addressing these challenges. This analysis explores the varied impact of AI on financial auditing, highlighting trends, challenges, and opportunities. By examining academic studies, empirical research and real-life cases, this article reveals significant transformations brought about by AI in financial auditing. Its integration does not simply replace human expertise but offers synergistic collaboration. AI enables auditors to extract deep insights from financial data, highlighting risks and promoting transparency in organizations. As the financial world moves towards digitalization, the partnership between human auditors and AI promises to profoundly reshape the future of financial auditing.
Reasons for Female Child Sacrifice: A Historical, Mythological, and Religious Investigation
Reasons for Female Child Sacrifice: A Historical, Mythological, and Religious Investigation
(Reasons for Female Child Sacrifice: A Historical, Mythological, and Religious Investigation)
- Author(s):Ayşe Akinci Ambaroğlu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Comparative Study of Literature
- Page Range:208-214
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:sacrifice; girl child sacrifice; Iphigenia; primitive religions; pre-Islamic Arabia; African societies;
- Summary/Abstract:This study explores the phenomenon of female child sacrifice as represented in mythology, ancient African and Arabian societies, and sacred texts. Anchored by the myth of Iphigenia—immortalized in a mosaic unearthed in Perge, Antalya—the research traces how war, religion, and patriarchal control converge to justify and ritualize the killing of young girls. By examining archaeological, scriptural, and mythological data, this paper argues that the sacrifice of girls often functioned as both a political-religious tool and a mechanism of social control. It also questions the historical normalization of war and why girls, in particular, became its sacrificial symbols.
Digitalization Inequality in the Age of ChatGPT
Digitalization Inequality in the Age of ChatGPT
(Digitalization Inequality in the Age of ChatGPT)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Economic development, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:215-222
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; behavioral economics; behavioral insights; digitalization; digi-disruption; economic growth; market disruption; public policy; teaching; technology; technological changes;
- Summary/Abstract:We live in the age of digitalization, where Open Artificial Intelligence (OpenAI) tools like ChatGPT epitomize the speed and scope of digital disruption. Never before have humans delegated so much decision-making, communication and knowledge production to AI systems. Generative AI models are now used by nearly three-quarters of the productive workforce in the Western world. AI tools demonstrate the promise of digital innovation that revolutionizes every aspect of human productivity. Practitioners and scientists have also warned about potential ethical downfalls in the wake of a fast AI model generation and adoption by the market. This article concerns potential inequalities in the eye of generative AI. For one, economic advantages are likely to occur in economies that have access to generative AI and foster the adoption broad-based. An already slowbalising world trade trend could thereby be exacerbated and thereby roll back all international development accomplishments that have been made throughout the previous opening of the world in economic trade. For another, Generative AI is favoring positive reinforcement, making it harder for more dry-humored and cynical cultures to survive. Already now, some languages are being abandoned from the repertoire compared to others, given the relatively more frequent use of negative connotations and negative reinforcement, as well as thumb-down button pushing, which cynically promotes negativity. Cultural warfare could be waged by certain cultures trying to eradicate other cultures or algorithms being trained to send negative signals in certain discussion silos in order to make them being pushed down and abandoned in the digital evolution age. Lastly, Large Language Models (LLMs) being the gist of OpenAI sparks the concern over replication of given ideas and reiteration of the common body of knowledge. ChatGPT may erode human ingenuity and intelligence formation, as well as creative new content creation, by just reiterating what is already known. This may make human creativity more precious in the long run and create job opportunities for those who contest ChatGPT and refine it with the human ingenuity touch or the creative edge replication misses. The discussion ends with clear guidelines on how to overcome the raised OpenAI challenges.
Digital Pulpits and Virtual Praise: Redefining Black Church Worship in the Digital Age
Digital Pulpits and Virtual Praise: Redefining Black Church Worship in the Digital Age
(Digital Pulpits and Virtual Praise: Redefining Black Church Worship in the Digital Age)
- Author(s):William Triplett
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Pastoral Theology, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:223-227
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:digital church; Black Church; online worship; theology and technology; virtual ministry;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores how the Black Church is re-priming worship in the digital era by embracing virtual space, live streaming, and the digital environment. Through narrative-based qualitative research and analysis of documents, this work will discuss how congregations establish sacred online spaces, maintain communal life during social rupture, and use technology to develop spiritual intimacy. In-depth case study examples of Hosanna Community Church, Trinity United Church of Christ, and Metropolitan AME Church help understand theological adjustment and pastoral approaches toward digital ministry. The findings capture the role of moral imagination, Ubuntu theology, and sacred resistance in informing innovative virtual congregational worship experiences. This study adds to the emerging body of knowledge in digital theology and provides practical recommendations to faith leaders who strive to find their way in a hybrid and fully online ministry in a post-pandemic world. By doing so, the study also brings to light opportunities and challenges, such as digital equity, community authenticity, and generational engagement. It further places the Black Church in the wider discourse about theology and technology, illustrating how its experience is a source of inspiration to other faith communities facing similar processes of digital transformation.
Hope and Justice: How the Christian Concept of Hope Influences Contemporary Perspectives on Human Rights and Other Social Concerns
Hope and Justice: How the Christian Concept of Hope Influences Contemporary Perspectives on Human Rights and Other Social Concerns
(Hope and Justice: How the Christian Concept of Hope Influences Contemporary Perspectives on Human Rights and Other Social Concerns)
- Author(s):Silviu R. Cornea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Social differentiation, Biblical studies
- Page Range:228-235
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Christian hope; biblical teaching; human rights; social justice; systemic change; inequality; human suffering;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the intricate relationship between the Christian concept of hope and its implications for contemporary perspectives on human rights and social issues. By analysing biblical teachings, theological frameworks, and historical developments, it examines how Christian hope redefines human dignity and justice in both spiritual and practical dimensions. Drawing on scriptural exegesis and theological reflections, the study highlights the transformative potential of Christian hope as a catalyst for advocacy and systemic change. Through examples from history and modern contexts, the discussion underscores the enduring relevance of this hope in addressing inequality, oppression, and human suffering while confronting the challenges and critiques associated with its application. Ultimately, the paper aims to offer a comprehensive view of how Christian hope shapes and sustains efforts to create a more just and equitable world.
The Evolution of the Regulation of the Crime of Trafficking in Underage Persons in Romanian Criminal Law
The Evolution of the Regulation of the Crime of Trafficking in Underage Persons in Romanian Criminal Law
(The Evolution of the Regulation of the Crime of Trafficking in Underage Persons in Romanian Criminal Law)
- Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
- Page Range:236-241
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:regulation; crime; trafficking; underage person/minor; harmonization;
- Summary/Abstract:The evolution of the regulation of the crime of trafficking in underage persons/minors in Romanian criminal legislation reflects the social, political and legal transformations of the Romanian state, as well as the obligations assumed through international treaties. The purpose of this study is to analyze the evolution of the regulation of the crime of trafficking in underage persons in the Romanian criminal legislation, from the first forms of indirect incrimination to the current enshrinement in the 2009 Romanian Criminal Code, in force since 2014. The topic remains highly relevant, as trafficking in underage persons represents one of the most serious forms of organized crime, with a direct impact on the fundamental rights of the child and on social security. The conclusions of the study highlight the constant tendency of the Romanian legislator to tighten and specialize the legal regime of trafficking in underage persons, in accordance with the international commitments assumed and the imperatives of child protection. Although the current regulations provide a firm legislative framework, their effectiveness depends on the consistent application by the authorities and on the existence of complementary policies of prevention and support for victims.
Emerging Markets in Times of Regulatory Uncertainty
Emerging Markets in Times of Regulatory Uncertainty
(Emerging Markets in Times of Regulatory Uncertainty)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets
- Page Range:242-249
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:emerging markets; international trade; internationalization; regulatory uncertainty; slowbalisation; value chains;
- Summary/Abstract:Ever since emerging markets have been a source of revenue, market diversification potential, and – above all – hope to develop nations around the world from within with international trade and knowledge transfer. Starting from post-World War extensions of economic productivity into every corner of the world, emerging markets bloomed during the Washington Consensus market liberation era of the 1990s. The early 2000s saw fruitful extensions of emerging markets and a trend to globalize international national value chains. Though with the 2008/09 World Financial Crisis, globalization trends seem to stagnate. Ever since 2010, the world has drifted into what is called ‘slowbalisation’ – this slowing of globalization is characterized by reduced trade in goods and services across borders resulting in less imports and exports. Multinational profits, capital flows, and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) transfers are declining, with stocks of cross border bank loans plummeting. Emerging markets saw a declining trend in the share of countries catching up since 2007. This trend is coupled with a decline in interest in emerging market profits due to overall market uncertainty given geopolitical tensions and regulatory uncertainty. This paper discusses these novel developments and gives an outlook of positive and negative implications of slowbalisation and regulatory uncertainty. As for upsides, existing literature suggests that emerging markets and international trade may have hindered emerging nations to develop their own country-specific comparative advantages and got stuck as sole minor value chain compartment providers. Now lifting international trade pressure in the wake of nationalism and reshoring may help these nations to develop their own production and industries that are aligned with their cultures and social needs of the population. This may eventually and hopefully lead to a broader range of goods and services offered around the world and more diverse innovations given they are more likely to come out of different parts of the world and are generically grown. As for downsides, international trade benefits rolled back may decline international development and business capital and fiscal space for developing nations. The hope of knowledge transfers and peace through international value chains and strategic economic alliances wanes in a world of production silos and disconnected economies. Regulatory uncertainty – as the uncertainty surrounding regulatory shifts and changes on a constant basis – may also instigate positive and negative effects on emerging markets. For instance, regulatory uncertainty leading to a reshoring of international activities may steer opportunities to grow infant industries of emerging markets that are more meaningful to their people than just serving one minor part of a global value chain and international conglomerates operating carelessly and detached from national cultures. This kind of regulatory arbitrage may help create innovative and diversified economic growth that is experienced to be more natural and sustainable than value chain dependency and regulatory pressures from abroad. At the same time, regulatory uncertainty may draw people to classic stable market options, such as gold and classical art, which naturally leads to a drying up of financial flows into emerging markets, limiting fiscal space for country development. The discussion highlights future perspectives and actions for emerging markets to flourish due to regulatory uncertainty abroad.
The Crime of Human Trafficking and Crimes Related To It. New Legislative Approaches
The Crime of Human Trafficking and Crimes Related To It. New Legislative Approaches
(The Crime of Human Trafficking and Crimes Related To It. New Legislative Approaches)
- Author(s):Simona Franguloiu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, Criminology
- Page Range:250-255
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:human trafficking; minors; criminal law; standardization;
- Summary/Abstract:Human trafficking not only remains a recurring problem in society, but is also gradually increasing due to technological advances and, last but not least, the continued impoverishment of part of the population in various countries (particularly those that are less economically stable or less developed). Because the social values affected by this serious form of crime are important (often, the victims of human trafficking are children, young people, and women who are often subjected to coercion), a robust response from society is needed to combat trafficking. It is also worth considering that these crimes involve others, such as drug trafficking, slavery, pimping, money laundering, violent crimes, and corruption. Criminological considerations will be presented sequentially, from the perspective of the legal rationale for adopting a new European legislative act that aims to regulate this type of crime (and related crimes) in a uniform manner. The theme of the study is the new features of the directive and how to respond to the phenomenon of the globalization of crime.
Cybersecurity and Digital Transformation: The Foundation of Trust in Public Administration
Cybersecurity and Digital Transformation: The Foundation of Trust in Public Administration
(Cybersecurity and Digital Transformation: The Foundation of Trust in Public Administration)
- Author(s):Doina Mureșan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Public Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:256-261
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:digitalization; cybersecurity; public administration; governance; trust;
- Summary/Abstract:The digital transformation of public administration generates major opportunities for efficiency, transparency, and proximity to citizens. However, this process is accompanied by increased exposure to cyber risks, which can affect not only IT infrastructures but also public trust in state institutions. This paper analyzes the interdependence between digitalization and cybersecurity, highlighting the role of strategic management in data protection and ensuring the continuity of public services. Through an integrated approach – which combines the European and national legislative frameworks, security technologies, inter-institutional cooperation, and human resource training – public administration can build digital resilience and strengthen citizens' trust. The conclusions emphasize that cybersecurity is not a secondary element of digitalization, but the foundation on which it rests.
A Revised Take on the Bee Optimization Algorithm Through Diverse Initialization, Adaptive Neighbors, Global Tracking, Gradual Reduction with Balanced Exploitation for Better Results
A Revised Take on the Bee Optimization Algorithm Through Diverse Initialization, Adaptive Neighbors, Global Tracking, Gradual Reduction with Balanced Exploitation for Better Results
(A Revised Take on the Bee Optimization Algorithm Through Diverse Initialization, Adaptive Neighbors, Global Tracking, Gradual Reduction with Balanced Exploitation for Better Results)
- Author(s):Hiteshkumar Nimbark, Bhumit Jograna, Sparsh Nimbark
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Methodology and research technology, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:199-207
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) Algorithm; Swarm Intelligence; Metaheuristic Optimization; Enhanced Bee Algorithm; Search Space Exploration and Exploitation; Dynamic Parameter Adaptation; Adaptive Neighborhood Search
- Summary/Abstract:The Bee Algorithm is a well-known swarm intelligence technique inspired by the foraging behavior of honeybees. Despite its success in solving various optimization problems, the standard version of the algorithm is often limited by several inherent weaknesses. These include poor diversity during the initial population setup, a fixed neighborhood search strategy that lacks adaptability, and the tendency to converge prematurely to suboptimal solutions. Additionally, many existing implementations fail to retain the best-found solution across iterations, leading to a drop in final solution quality. This paper introduces a modified version of the Bee Algorithm that addresses these issues through five targeted enhancements. The first involves a diversified initialization method that systematically distributes the initial population across the search space to prevent clustering and encourage broader exploration. The second introduces an adaptive neighborhood search radius that evolves with the number of iterations, providing a smooth transition from global search to local refinement. Third, a global best tracking mechanism is implemented to ensure the most optimal solution is retained throughout the process. Fourth, a gradual reduction strategy for the search radius prevents overly rapid convergence and maintains diversity for a longer period. Finally, the update scheme is adjusted to better balance exploitation of elite solutions and the integration of new candidates, which improves both convergence reliability and robustness. Comparative experiments using a set of well-established benchmark functions demonstrate that the proposed improvements consistently outperform the standard Bee Algorithm and several recent variants in terms of convergence speed, accuracy, and stability, without introducing significant computational overhead. The proposed modifications are easy to implement and offer a practical upgrade for applications where reliable global optimization is required.
