Euroskepticizam. Stranačka politika, Nacionalni identitet i Europske integracije
Euroscepticism. Party politics, National Identity and European Integration
Contributor(s): Anđelko Milardović (Editor), Davorka Vidović (Editor)
Subject(s): Civil Society, Governance, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
Published by: Centar za politološka istraživanja
Summary/Abstract: Euroscepticism initially appears as a typically English phenomenon, further contributing to the feeling of this country's "otherness" in relation to the project of political and economic integration of continental Europe. However, since at least the early 1990s, various forms of Euroscepticism have also occupied a prominent place in the political debate of continental Europe. The intensity of these Eurosceptics, which range from fundamental rejections of European integration in its current form to mild reformist criticisms, varies considerably from country to country. The general trend of critical perception of European integration is nevertheless inevitable. In fact, the integration process can be seen as a victim of its own success. The gradual expansion of the political competence of the European Union has also increased the number of potential sources of discord that can trigger various forms of Euroscepticism. Perhaps the EU's particular penchant for "existentialist" political debate, regularly revising its founding treaties in the midst of debates about its purpose and finality, has also prompted a re-examination of that purpose.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-953-7022-14-3
- Page Count: 256
- Publication Year: 2007
- Language: Croatian
U OBRANI NACIJE: POLITIKA EUROSKEPTICIZMA FRANCUSKE DESNICE
U OBRANI NACIJE: POLITIKA EUROSKEPTICIZMA FRANCUSKE DESNICE
(IN DEFENSE OF THE NATION: THE POLICY OF EUROSKEPTICISM OF THE FRENCH RIGHT)
- Author(s):Paul Hainsworth, Caroline O’Brien, Emma O’Brien, Paul Mitchell
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):Civil Society, Nationalism Studies, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:31-50
- No. of Pages:20
- Summary/Abstract:France is one of the founding members of the European Community (EC), and it is difficult to imagine European integration without French presence and leadership at the outset. Also, given that this is a country with strong nationalist sentiments, a long history of nation-state building and assimilationist imperialism, it is not surprising that, alongside pro-integrationist attitudes towards Europe, there must necessarily have been considerable Eurosceptic sentiment. This was evident from the outset, but real disagreements about Europe were particularly visible more recently, in the 1992 referendum on the Maastricht Treaty. The 1992 campaign and results showed that France was divided in two, with forces on the political right (but also on the left) aligning themselves with both Eurocamps at the same time. This article focuses on the Euroscepticism of the right, as expressed by the two party political currents that advocated a "no" vote in the 1992 referendum: in particular, a form of Gaullist nationalism celebrated by political heavyweights such as Philippe Séguin and Charles Pasque; national populism in the form of Jean-Marie Le Pen's Front National (FN); and - somewhere between these two forces - Villersism, an independent political force that had some influence in 1990 but whose political future is now in doubt.
- Price: 4.50 €
Za Drukčiju Europu: Euroskepticizam i Francuska ljevica nakon Maastrichtskog Ugovora
Za Drukčiju Europu: Euroskepticizam i Francuska ljevica nakon Maastrichtskog Ugovora
(For a Different Europe: Euroskepticism and the French Left after the Maastricht Treaty)
- Author(s):Susan Milner
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:51-72
- No. of Pages:22
- Summary/Abstract:This chaptre examines the positions of the main groups on the French left on European integration since the early 1990s. The positions of the more pro-European Socialist Party (Parti Socialiste) are contrasted with those of the Mouvement des Citoyens and the far left. The radical left's position is anti-elitist and critical of the lack of direct citizen input, opposing deregulation, privatization and liberalization. The electoral fortunes of these groups have fluctuated, with the far left experiencing significant successes in the late 1990s. The success of the Trotskyist left coincided with the rise of anti-globalization movements and the defensive mobilization of trade unions in the late 1990s. The Chevènementist shift away from left-right positioning has not paid off in the elections. This indicates the persistence of left-wing Euroscepticism as a significantly different view of European integration than that advocated by the president and prime minister, which is rooted in the people's distrust of political elites and fear of neoliberal policies.
- Price: 4.50 €
Njemački Euroskepticizam
Njemački Euroskepticizam
(German Euroskepticism)
- Author(s):Klaus Busch, Wilhelm Knelangen
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:73-86
- No. of Pages:14
- Summary/Abstract:Germany's perception of European integration has changed. The traditional attitude of consent (which was often above the European average) has given way to somewhat more sober sentiments. It would be incorrect, however, to speak of a fundamental Euroscepticism. Political parties, for example, have not yet taken advantage of this change of mood. Public scepticism seems to be focused on two European Union projects and their consequences: the single currency and enlargement. Until the late 1980s, integration was associated with general benefits in terms of growth and employment. Since then, the single market and monetary union have led to greater intra-European competition, which will be reflected in enlargement. Many Germans fear that this situation will have a negative impact on employment, wages and social standards. There is reason to believe that these fears could come true and thus give further impetus to German Euroscepticism. This trend can be stopped if current European monetary policies are complemented by social policies.
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Euroskepticizam u Nizozemskoj: trzaji nezadovoljstva
Euroskepticizam u Nizozemskoj: trzaji nezadovoljstva
(Euroskepticism in the Netherlands: Shocks of Dissatisfaction)
- Author(s):Robert Harmsen
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:87-110
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Pim Fortuyn;
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, there has been a more critical discourse on European integration in the Netherlands. Concerns about both the size of the net national contribution to the EU budget and the implications of EU enlargement for the country have fuelled a broad public debate. An explicitly open discourse on the national interest, primarily within the VVD but also more broadly, has become an indispensable part of the political debate. At the same time, movements with clearly Eurosceptic programmes (the Pim Fortuyn List and the Socialist Party) have performed exceptionally well in the elections. Although it did not have much electoral significance, the issue of “Europe” has nevertheless become a contentious issue in Dutch politics. This article examines these stirrings of discontent in an EU member state that has long been considered one of the most ardent supporters of further integration.
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Britanski Euroskepticizam
Britanski Euroskepticizam
(British Euroskepticism)
- Author(s):Menno Spiering
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):Political Theory, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:111-132
- No. of Pages:22
- Summary/Abstract:The UK is the birthplace of the term Euroscepticism. Coined in the UK in the mid-1980s, the term has been widely used in the media and has been adopted by many individuals and organisations, both in the UK and abroad. This article is primarily concerned with the when, what, where and why of British Euroscepticism. After situating the phenomenon in a particular place and time, its characteristics are examined in more detail. It is argued that British Euroscepticism is partly a product of British ‘difference’, as reflected in the electoral and political party systems, the position of the press and the tradition of seeing the country and its people as distinct from Europe and Europeans.
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Zastava udobnosti? Diskurs i motivacije Londonskog Euroskeptičnog tiska
Zastava udobnosti? Diskurs i motivacije Londonskog Euroskeptičnog tiska
(A Flag of Comfort? Discourse and Motivations of the London Euroskeptic Press)
- Author(s):Peter J. Anderson
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):Civil Society, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:133-150
- No. of Pages:18
- Summary/Abstract:As an initial investigation into the motives behind the Euroscepticism of three tabloids (the Sun, the Mail and the recently schizophrenic Express), this article focuses in detail on the sceptical newspapers The Times and the Daily Telegraph. It examines the discourses of nationalism present in these newspapers’ reporting on the European Union, leading to the argument that this nationalism appears to be, to varying degrees, a camouflage for the commercial interests of the newspaper owners. The article concludes with a reflection on the implications of the way the British press reports for British democracy.
- Price: 4.50 €
Irski Euroskepticizam
Irski Euroskepticizam
(Irish Euroskepticism)
- Author(s):Karin Gilland
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:151-160
- No. of Pages:19
- Summary/Abstract:Membership in the European Union has brought Ireland great economic benefits, as well as other benefits. According to the radical view, Irish independence until 1973 was flawed by its continued economic dependence on Great Britain. The year 2000 marked the beginning of a new relationship between Ireland and the EU. It was the year of the Boston-Berlin debate, followed by the budget row and the Nice referendum in 2001. These events have nuanced the debate on Irish membership. However, public opinion polls have consistently shown high levels of support for the European Union, and the referendum results do not support the idea that Euroscepticism has spread rapidly or at all in Irish public opinion. Whenever faced with key decisions, political parties such as Fianna Fáil and the Progressive Democrats, whose leaders have made statements and taken positions that could be characterised as Eurosceptic, have reverted to their standard pro-European position.
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Švedski Euroskepticizam: Demokracija, Suverenitet i socijalna Skrb
Švedski Euroskepticizam: Demokracija, Suverenitet i socijalna Skrb
(Swedish Euroskepticism: Democracy, Sovereignty and Social Welfare)
- Author(s):Milena Sunnus
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:171-182
- No. of Pages:12
- Summary/Abstract:Sweden joined the European Union in 1995 despite considerable public opposition. Since joining the Union, Euroscepticism has been on the rise: more and more Swedes believe that Brussels interferes in their internal affairs and are speaking out against the euro. Basing its conclusions on interviews with various Swedish public figures, this article shows that Swedish Euroscepticism is caused by cultural elements and is based on beliefs of national superiority, especially in the fields of gender equality, environmental protection and alcohol control. The prevailing belief is that Sweden is better off than the rest of the Union and that the “cultural heritage” from Brussels should be contained or even countered by appropriate “Nordic values”. However, it is almost certain that beliefs of superiority will decline over time as increasingly intensive transnational contacts increasingly restrain isolationists. Swedish Prime Minister Göran Persson, who initially strongly defended "Nordic values", recently stated that these values are actually part of the "family of European values".
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Austrijski Euroskepticizam. Pomicanje s ljevice na desnicu
Austrijski Euroskepticizam. Pomicanje s ljevice na desnicu
(Austrian Euroscepticism. Moving from Left to Right)
- Author(s):Anton Pelinka
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:183-198
- No. of Pages:16
- Summary/Abstract:Austria is, compared to the advanced European liberal democracies, a relatively latecomer to the European Union. The reason for the delay was Austria's long-standing neutrality. During the Cold War, Austria preferred to refrain from membership in the European Union due to its geopolitical position. When the coalition of the centre-left SPÖ and the centre-right ÖVP parties decided to apply for EU membership in 1989, the left was the most opposed, considering that neutrality and EU membership were not entirely compatible. During the 1990s, this situation changed - the left (especially the Green Party) abruptly abandoned its previous Euroscepticism, while the positions of the right (especially the FPÖ) increasingly identified with Eurosceptic views. This came to the fore in Austria's response to the "sanctions" that the other 14 EU members imposed on the Austrian government in 2000, which followed the inclusion of the FPÖ in the government. Moderate center-right and center-left voters, as well as supporters of the Greens, maintained "euro-optimistic" views, in contrast to right-wing FPÖ voters.
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Nezgodni pridošlica? Proširenje Europske Unije i Euroskepticizam u češkoj republici
Nezgodni pridošlica? Proširenje Europske Unije i Euroskepticizam u češkoj republici
(Unusual Newcomer? European Union Enlargement and Euroskepticism in the Czech Republic)
- Author(s):Petr Kopecký
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:199-216
- No. of Pages:18
- Summary/Abstract:This chaptre analyses opposition to the European Union in the Czech Republic, both among the masses and among the elites. It provides a definition of Euroscepticism based on a distinction between broad and specific support for European integration and considers how the necessity of the EU enlargement process can fuel anti-EU sentiment. Based on an analysis of mass attitudes and party political positions, the article argues that there has been no major mobilization against the EU in the Czech Republic, despite the fact that there is still a relatively strong undercurrent of Euroscepticism in the country. However, current expressions of Euroscepticism should be understood as possible defining features of the attitudes of the Czech Republic (the elite) that will soon be in the enlarged EU.
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Poljski Euroskepticizam uoči pristupanja Europskoj Uniji
Poljski Euroskepticizam uoči pristupanja Europskoj Uniji
(Polish Euroskepticism on the eve of accession to the European Union)
- Author(s):Aleks Szczerbiak
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:217-236
- No. of Pages:20
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, Polish cynicism towards the EU has increased, leading to a significant decline in support for membership and the emergence of a growing bloc of public opinion against the EU. When it became apparent that compliance with EU norms, in addition to its benefits, could also entail negative economic and social consequences, support inevitably waned. This was even more significant when the previously widespread pro-European consensus of the elite began to fray, and after the later politicized debates about EU membership also fragmented public support. Nevertheless, support for Polish membership in the Union appears to have stabilized and is at a relatively high level. Despite the fact that parties critical of or even opposed to EU membership fared well in the parliamentary elections of September 2001, it would be wrong to interpret this as some kind of return of Euroscepticism, since the issue of the European Union was not by any means a prominent feature of their campaign.
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Švicarski Euroskepticizam: Lokalne varijacije na šire teme
Švicarski Euroskepticizam: Lokalne varijacije na šire teme
(Swiss Euroskepticism: Local Variations on broad Themes)
- Author(s):Clive H. Church
- Language:Croatian
- Subject(s):Civil Society, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
- Page Range:237-255
- No. of Pages:19
- Summary/Abstract:Although the term Euroscepticism is rarely used in Switzerland, the country is more imbued with it than is often thought. It can be found, in the Swiss way, in public opinion, in the votes of voters and in daily politics, but not in the newspapers. General attitudes towards Europe often differ only in nuances, although there is also a heated anti-European debate. But it is part of a broader Swiss belief in freedom from international political engagement. Extreme anti-Europeanism is used less by the main political parties of the center-right, and more by smaller parties, the Swiss People's Party, and special organizations such as the AUNS, often to show their combativeness in referendums. This is how they gain most of their support, mainly from the lower middle classes, especially in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. In general, the right-wing movement has helped to revive it, which has led to a change in the party system in Switzerland. However, its roots go back further than the awakening of the far right. Anti-Europeanism has influenced political change in Switzerland and seems likely to continue to do so. It could influence European developments and our thinking about the nature of Euroscepticism.
- Price: 4.50 €
