Jugoslovenski dobrovoljci u odbrani Španske republike
Yugoslav volunteers in the defense of the Spanish Republic
Contributor(s): Olga Manojlović Pintar (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
Published by: Institut za noviju istoriju Srbije
Keywords: Fabrication ; Authenticity ; Volunteers ; Revisionism ; Commemoration
Summary/Abstract: In October 1990, an exhibition in Belgrade introduced the fictional character Ilija Dimić, a supposed forgotten avant-garde artist and pilot, crafted by Dušan Otašević to provoke questions about artistic authorship and truth in postmodern art. The exhibit sparked debate amid a politically charged atmosphere in the final year of Yugoslavia, reflecting deeper tensions about historical narratives, particularly the role of Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War. These volunteers, once celebrated, faced political marginalization and historical revisionism, highlighting the fragility of collective memory and the manipulation of ideological legacies in times of political crisis.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-7005-196-6
- Page Count: 279
- Publication Year: 2024
- Language: Serbian
DOBROVOLJCI IZ ČITAVOG SVETA U REPUBLIKANSKOJ ŠPANIJI. PREDUGO JEDNOSTRANA I JOŠ UVEK NEPOTPUNA ISTORIOGRAFIJA
DOBROVOLJCI IZ ČITAVOG SVETA U REPUBLIKANSKOJ ŠPANIJI. PREDUGO JEDNOSTRANA I JOŠ UVEK NEPOTPUNA ISTORIOGRAFIJA
(VOLUNTEERS FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD IN REPUBLICAN SPAIN. TOO LONG A ONE-SIDED AND STILL INCOMPLETE HISTORIOGRAPHY)
- Author(s):Erve Lemel
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:19-32
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:international volunteers; International Brigades; historiography; prosopography; myths
- Summary/Abstract:The participation of foreigners in the fight of the Spanish Republicans against the rebels led by General Franco was, from the beginning of the conflict, and still is, the subject of numerous publications. In that widely followed conflict, each side claimed to be right and demonized the other and that Manichean vision permanently marked the literature on the subject. It was necessary to wait for the opening of the archives in the eighties so that professional historians could start work on the critical analysis and re-examination of the myths firmly forged since the beginning of the thirties. If the general history of the Spanish Civil War and especially that of the anti-fascist volunteer groups from the West is now better known, the study of other national groups is still incomplete.
Revizija liste dobrovoljaca iz Jugoslavije u republikanskoj Španiji. Izvori, metodologija, spisak
Revizija liste dobrovoljaca iz Jugoslavije u republikanskoj Španiji. Izvori, metodologija, spisak
(Revision of the list of volunteers from Yugoslavia in Republican Spain. Sources, methodology, inventory)
- Author(s):Erve Lemel
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939)
- Page Range:33-43
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:international volunteers; first and second Yugoslavia; routes; sources; database
- Summary/Abstract:Since 1971 and the publication of the list of volunteers in the collection of memories of Yugoslav Volunteers in the Spanish War Spain 1936–1939, many sources have gradually become available. They enable the correction of multiple identification errors and the entry of new names, mostly of volunteers who lived outside the borders of the first Yugoslavia (1918–1941). Although this made it possible to more precisely determine the trajectories of many volunteers, many individuals remain unidentified, or their data is incomplete. Only joint and international research work will make it possible to fill the gaps in the existing documentation.
Kraljevina Jugoslavija – Frankov antikomunistički saveznik 1936–1939.
Kraljevina Jugoslavija – Frankov antikomunistički saveznik 1936–1939.
(THE KINGDOM OF YUGOSLAVIA – FRANCO’S ANTICOMMUNIST ALLY 1936–1939.)
- Author(s):Milivoj Bešlin
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Fascism, Nazism and WW II
- Page Range:47-76
- No. of Pages:30
- Keywords:Kingdom of Yugoslavia; Spain; Spanish Civil War; Francisco Franco; anti-communism; Communist Party of Yugoslavia; anti-fascism; nationalism; 1936–1939
- Summary/Abstract:The article observes various political actors and analyzes the relationship of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia towards the civil war in Spain (1936–1939). Driven by fear of revolutionary currents and anti-communist tendencies, the Yugoslav government moved from initial neutrality, to a pro-Frankist and anti-republican position. On the other hand, the illegal Communist Party of Yugoslavia organized support for the republicans by sending volunteers. Strictly punishing any form of anti-fascist solidarity, the Yugoslav government used the opportunity to confront its leading political opponent – the communists. The opposing positions were representative of the divisions of Yugoslav society during the 1930s. Looking at the government’s policy towards the Spanish Civil War, the paper shows that the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was Franco’s anti-communist ally.
Uticaj Španskog građanskog rata na vojnu misao u Jugoslaviji
Uticaj Španskog građanskog rata na vojnu misao u Jugoslaviji
(THE INFLUENCE OF SPANISH CIVIL WAR ON MILITARY THOUGHT IN YUGOSLAVIA)
- Author(s):Mile Bjelajac
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Military policy, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939)
- Page Range:77-98
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Spanish Civil War; Kingdom of Yugoslavia; Milan Stojadinović; Periodic Analysis of the Intelligence Department of the Main General Staff of the Yugoslav Army; General August Marić
- Summary/Abstract:The Spanish Civil War, as well as Italy’s previous aggression against Ethiopia in 1935, were testing grounds for new war tools and doctrines, and both occurred on the eve of a new European and world conflict. On one side were the victorious powers from the First World War, and on the other – the former losers, eager for revenge and the fulfillment of earlier geopolitical goals for world domination. The democracies were certainly slow in modernizing their military potential and realized too late that a new conflict was a matter of the near future. The great economic crisis of 1929–1934 also contributed to the delay. On the training grounds of Spain, neither side revealed all the cards, and this could confuse analysts and even lead to wrong conclusions about the expediency of the mass use of armored forces, the method of anti-armor combat, as well as about numerous other elements of tactical and strategic importance. In the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, this war was observed with due military attention. For the needs of the supreme command, periodic analyzes were made, and the professional military press began to publish the views of domestic and foreign collaborators. They were often opposed, but the assessment of the importance of fast, armored and motorized units, bomber aviation, anti-aircraft defense and free lines of supply prevailed.
Jugoslovenski iseljenici u Severnoj Americi i Španski građanski rat (1936–1939)
Jugoslovenski iseljenici u Severnoj Americi i Španski građanski rat (1936–1939)
(Yugoslav Emigrants in North America and the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939))
- Author(s):Vesna Đikanović
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Ethnohistory, Military history, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Migration Studies
- Page Range:99-132
- No. of Pages:34
- Keywords:Spanish Civil War; North America; Canada; United States; Yugoslav emigrants; Yugoslav communists
- Summary/Abstract:The following paper will examine the attitudes of Yugoslav emigrants in North America towards the Spanish Civil War. The process of enlisting volunteers under the direction of representatives of the Yugoslav Communist Party, the departure of Yugoslavs from North America to Spain, and their participation in the war years will be examined. Furthermore, this paper will examine the involvement and ultimate fate of Yugoslav interbrigade workers following the conclusion of the Spanish Civil War. The study is based on an analysis of archival material stored in the Archives of Yugoslavia, memoirs, and relevant literature.
Životni put učesnika Španskog građanskog rata Svetozara Jovanovića (1897–1941)
Životni put učesnika Španskog građanskog rata Svetozara Jovanovića (1897–1941)
(THE LIFE PATH OF SVETOZAR JOVANOVIĆ (1897–1941), A PARTICIPANT IN THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR.)
- Author(s):Alexander Silkin
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939)
- Page Range:135-146
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Spanish Civil War; World War II; Svetozar Jovanović; Stefan Pavlovič Bogdanovski; Jozef Bareš; KPJ; Soviet Union; Communist University of National Minorities of the West; Stalinism; Great Terror; NKVD
- Summary/Abstract:Based on published and unpublished archival materials, the paper examines the life path of a participant in the Spanish Civil War – the Yugoslav communist Svetozar Jovanović, who was named “Stefan Pavlovič Bogdanovski” in the Soviet Union. His biography is an example of the relationship between the state machine and a “small man” who decided to “play politics”. In the merciless era of World wars, several authoritarian/totalitarian European regimes tried to take away S. Jovanović’s freedom and life, which finally ended in Kiev under German occupation in 1941.
Španski borac Srećko Jurkić
Španski borac Srećko Jurkić
(SREĆKO JURKIĆ YUGOSLAV VOLUNTEER IN THE SPANISH CIVIL WAR)
- Author(s):Nenad Lajbenšperger
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Military history, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939)
- Page Range:147-162
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Srećko Jurkić; Spanish Civil War; Smričani; Yugoslavia; Belgium; Zemun; volunteer; international brigades; Leon Jurkić
- Summary/Abstract:The text covers the life path of Srećko Jurkić, one of the many Yugoslav volunteers in the Spanish Civil War. As a young man, he emigrated to Belgium, where he encountered socialist ideas, and became a member of several labour organizations. From there he went to fight in Spain. After the withdrawal of the interbrigades from Spain, he was in the camps in France. After that he returns to Belgium. He was there during the Second World War, and after it he returned to Yugoslavia. The text is mostly based on statements that Srećko Jurkić left behind by himself, and which are kept in the Archives of Yugoslavia and in his family legacy.
Zaboravljeni vojnik revolucije: Emilijan Milan Kalafatić (1907–1996)
Zaboravljeni vojnik revolucije: Emilijan Milan Kalafatić (1907–1996)
(THE FORGOTTEN SOLDIER OF THE REVOLUTION: EMILIJAN MILAN KALAFATIĆ (1907–1996))
- Author(s):Olga Manojlović Pintar
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), History of Communism
- Page Range:163-184
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Emilian Milan Kalafatić; Spanish War; Francs-tireurs et partisans - Main-d’œuvre immigrée (FTP-MOI); NKVD; Goli otok
- Summary/Abstract:The paper presents the biography of the Yugoslav communist Emiljan Milan Kalafatić – a participant in the war in Spain in 1936–39. and World War II in France. His transnational life path is presented, from the time he left Yugoslavia and moved to France in 1925, until his death in Odessa in 1996.
Muške fantazije: smrt Blagoja Parovića
Muške fantazije: smrt Blagoja Parovića
(MALE FANTASIES: THE DEATH OF BLAGOJE PAROVIĆ)
- Author(s):Vladan Vukliš, Stefan Gužvica
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Recent History (1900 till today), History of Communism
- Page Range:187-240
- No. of Pages:54
- Keywords:Blagoje Parović; Josip Broz Tito; Milan Gorkić (Josip Čižinski); Spanish Civil War; Vlajko Begović; Vladimir Dedijer; Pero Simić; Comintern; Božidar Maslarić; Battle for Brunete
- Summary/Abstract:The merging of historiography with pseudo-scholar journalism created numerous problems in the understanding of historical events. The case of the death of Blagoje Parović, which is analyzed in detail in this paper, stands out as particularly illustrative. Through comparative, politically connected biographies of Parović, Milan Gorkić, and Josip Broz Tito, the authors explain in detail the activities of Parović in Spain and the circumstances of his death. After this, they turn to the period from the middle of 1937, when the combined consequences of the new wave of the “Great“ Purge in the Soviet Union, the failure of the “La Corse“ action, the detention of Adolf Muk before the police, the disappearance and judicial killing of Milan Gorkić lead to a tightening of interpersonal relations both in Paris and among Yugoslav volunteers in Spain. To properly explain these trends, claims that can be found in journalism and historiography were also introduced into the analysis. With such a setting of the historical context, it was possible to trace the genesis of the myth of Parović’s murder, while following its permutations in the latter’s journalism and literature, with special reference to the works of Vladimir Dedijer and Pero Simić, who took over and further developed the given mythologems. The authors also take a critical look at the work of historians who took over the pseudo-scholar claims of Dedijer and Simić and thus gave them historiographical and academic credibility.
Nacionalizam protiv socijalizma: politika sećanja na makedonske španske borce
Nacionalizam protiv socijalizma: politika sećanja na makedonske španske borce
(NATIONALISM VERSUS SOCIALISM: THE POLITICS OF REMEMBERING THE MACEDONIAN SPANISH FIGHTERS)
- Author(s):Zdravko Saveski
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Nationalism Studies, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), Historical revisionism, Politics of History/Memory
- Page Range:241-256
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Spanish Civil War; North Macedonia; nationalism; politics of memory; narrative
- Summary/Abstract:The paper analyzes the nationalist narrative about Spanish fighters from Macedonia. The analysis of this question is important not only from the point of view of the historical memory of the Spanish fighters from Macedonia, but also as an example of the methods used by nationalists when they turn history into a political tool for the present. The nationalist narrative tries to portray the Spanish fighters primarily as Macedonian national workers. The paper analyzes the means used for this, as well as the characteristics of the responses opposing this instrumentalization of Spanish fighters for nationalist purposes.
Politike sećanja u Srbiji i Španiji kroz prizmu delovanja Udruženja španskih boraca (1986–2006)
Politike sećanja u Srbiji i Španiji kroz prizmu delovanja Udruženja španskih boraca (1986–2006)
(Politics of memory in Serbia and Spain through the prism of the activities of the Association of Spanish Volunteers (1986–2006))
- Author(s):Dimitrije Matić
- Language:Serbian
- Subject(s):History, Interwar Period (1920 - 1939), History of Communism, Politics of History/Memory
- Page Range:257-278
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:politics of memory; Association of Spanish Volunteers; Spanish Civil War; Serbia; Spain; Lazar Latinović; Lazar Udovički
- Summary/Abstract:The topic of this paper is a comparative analysis of the change in the culture of memory regarding the Spanish Civil War in Serbia and Spain during the commemorations of the beginning of the war in 1986, 1996, and 2006. The development of memory politics and its causes in both countries will be explored by tracking the activities of the Association of Spanish Volunteers and the type of support by Belgrade and Madrid to the activities of this organization. By analyzing various historical sources (press, archival materials, museum exhibition catalogs, resolutions, and interviews) and literature, it shall be possible to trace the processes of the evolving memory culture and identify the most important factors that have influenced such developments.
