Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: Image of the Town in the Narrative Sources: Reality and/or Fiction?
Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: Image of the Town in the Narrative Sources: Reality and/or Fiction?
Contributor(s): Zrinka Pešorda Vardić (Editor), Irena Benyovsky Latin (Editor)
Subject(s): History of Church(es), History of Law, Civil Law, Economic history, Local History / Microhistory, Political history, Social history, Government/Political systems, Culture and social structure , 6th to 12th Centuries, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century, Penal Policy
Published by: Hrvatski institut za povijest
Keywords: Middle Ages; urban history; narrative sources;
Summary/Abstract: "Image of the Town in the Narrative Sources: Reality and/or Fiction?" continues the series Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages on medieval urban history, which started with the international triennial at the Croatian Institute of History in 2010 and the papers published in 2014, in the proceedings titled Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: Authority and Property. The present volume focuses on the image of the town in the narrative sources and results from the second international triennial, held in Zagreb in Autumn 2013.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-953-7840-30-3
- Page Count: 537
- Publication Year: 2014
- Language: English
Introduction: Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: Authority and Property
Introduction: Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: Authority and Property
(Introduction: Towns and Cities of the Croatian Middle Ages: Authority and Property)
- Author(s):Irena Benyovsky Latin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Economic history, Social history, Middle Ages, Government/Political systems
- Page Range:13-34
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Croatian Towns and cities; Middle Ages; authority; property;
- Summary/Abstract:The question of land property has always been an intriguing one for the European historians, especially medievalists, as practices concerning property are complex. Medieval concepts such as (land) property, ownership, and lease do not correspond to our understanding or to the Roman period. In the changed social and economic circumstances of Late Antiquity, ownership gradually lost its absolute meaning. The notion of land possession also changed radically throughout the Middle Ages.
- Price: 8.00 €
Public and Private Space in Early Medieval Towns: Istrian Cases
Public and Private Space in Early Medieval Towns: Istrian Cases
(Public and Private Space in Early Medieval Towns: Istrian Cases)
- Author(s):Maurizio Levak
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Historical Geography, Public Administration, Local History / Microhistory, Middle Ages, Rural and urban sociology
- Page Range:35-54
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Istria; public and private spaces; Pula;
- Summary/Abstract:At the turn from Late Antiquity to the early Middle Ages, profound changes took place in the organization of urban life. Towns could no longer function on the same social and economic foundations as they did in the classical period, as it was precisely these foundations that underwent major structural change. A different way of living and earning one’s livelihood implied adjustment to the new circumstances, which was also reflected in the reorganization of space within the city walls.
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The Relationship between Public and Private on the Island of Rab during the Second Half of the 14th Century
The Relationship between Public and Private on the Island of Rab during the Second Half of the 14th Century
(The Relationship between Public and Private on the Island of Rab during the Second Half of the 14th Century)
- Author(s):Dušan Mlacović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic history, Local History / Microhistory, Social history, Government/Political systems, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:55-65
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Island of Rab; 14th century; public; private;
- Summary/Abstract:The second half of the 14th century was the only prolonged period after the year 1000 in which the island of Rab was not under the Venetian rule, but subjected to the Hungarian kings together with the rest of Dalmatia. The new political constellation entailed a significant restructuring of power within the commune. It was only to be expected that the noble kindreds who had linked their position in the commune to the presence of powerful Venetian kindreds, who had their own vested interests in Quarner, would gradually decline. This happened to the Hermolais, who were related to Rab’s noble Venetian kindred of Badoer and who had been used to their members holding the office of Rab’s bishops for so long. It was also easily predictable that those kindreds who were inclined to Hungary even during the Venetian rule would now have their chance of surpassing all their local rivals. There was, however, something that came as a novelty with the ascension of the Angevin kings, and the inhabitants of Rab still had to learn to deal with it, each in their own way: the absence of a powerful authority of a count, which increased the significance of the titles of the vice-count and the communal chancellor. The increased importance of these two functions, as well as the greater role of judges in the public life of the local commune, also led to the restructuring of the attitude of Rab’s elites towards the relationship between public and private in their own setting.
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What is the Meaning of “Large” and “Small” in the Names of Municipal Estates in Zadar’s Mainland Communal Territory?
What is the Meaning of “Large” and “Small” in the Names of Municipal Estates in Zadar’s Mainland Communal Territory?
(What is the Meaning of “Large” and “Small” in the Names of Municipal Estates in Zadar’s Mainland Communal Territory?)
- Author(s):Franjo Smiljanić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Local History / Microhistory, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:67-94
- No. of Pages:28
- Keywords:Zadar’s Mainland Communal Territory; names of the estates; large; small;
- Summary/Abstract:In the names of estates organized according to the “Small”/”Large” principle, the adjective “Small” always stands together with “Large”, as is the case with the estate of Murvica. The description of Velika (Large) Murvica (ville Muruice magne), in which Mala (Small) Murvica (villa uocata Muruiça parua)rubu is also mentioned, one can recognize a joint estate of the same name, which is in a document from1403 referred to as “Murvički diskrikt” (District of Murvica). In the documents of Zadar from the second half of the 13th century onwards, this principle is regularly applied when naming the estates, its interpretation depending on the position of adjectives “Small” and “Large”.
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Space and Property in Medieval Towns in the Venetian Part of Istria: The Case of Piran
Space and Property in Medieval Towns in the Venetian Part of Istria: The Case of Piran
(Space and Property in Medieval Towns in the Venetian Part of Istria: The Case of Piran)
- Author(s):Darja Mihelič
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Local History / Microhistory, Rural and urban sociology, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:95-114
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Istria; Piran; space and property structures; urbanization; housing plots;
- Summary/Abstract:Late antique and early medieval Istrian towns lived in a symbiosis with their agricultural hinterland, using it for economy purposes. As a result of the Frankish conquest and Byzantine loss of Istria in the second half of the 8th century, this region adopted the Frankish system of rural estates. Its foundation was the Frankish principle that all land with no owner and land conquered in military campaigns be-longed to the ruler, who could dispose with it at his will. The rulers granted estates with their privileges (and people) to their army commanders, who colonized there, partly or in full, their own vassals, who again granted the land to their subjects. Charlemagne assigned Istria to Duke John. But despite the new regime, the towns of Istria preserved their traditional influence over a wider area outside their urban setting, even during the process of evolving into autonomous medieval city-states.
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The Beginnings of Medieval Towns in the Slovenian Lands and Their “Founders”: Controversies and New Interpretations
The Beginnings of Medieval Towns in the Slovenian Lands and Their “Founders”: Controversies and New Interpretations
(The Beginnings of Medieval Towns in the Slovenian Lands and Their “Founders”: Controversies and New Interpretations)
- Author(s):Miha Kosi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Historical Geography, Environmental Geography, Local History / Microhistory, Middle Ages, Rural and urban sociology
- Page Range:115-156
- No. of Pages:42
- Keywords:Medieval towns; Slovenian lands; Kostanjevica; Celje; Kranj; Ljubljana;
- Summary/Abstract:In the territory of present-day Slovenia, there are 78 urban settlements which were created or existed as early as the Middle Ages. Among these, there are 23 towns and around 55 boroughs or market-towns. Three towns – Koper/Capodistria, Izola/Isola, and Piran/Pirano – are situated at the Adriatic coast of Istria and belong to the Mediterranean cultural circle, with a continuity of habitation since the Antiquity. In their evolution and features, they crucially differ from inland towns. Three urban settlements evolved in Prekmurje during the 14th century, and their development was rather specific, typical of the Hungarian Kingdom. All the rest (72) emerged within the Holy Roman Empire – in the lands of Carniola, Styria, Carinthia, and Gorizia. In this study, I will refer to the inland urban settlements that emerged in the framework of the medieval Empire.
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Fortified Towns of the Babonić Counts in Central and Lower Pounje as Non-Agrarian Settlements (13th-14th Centuries)
Fortified Towns of the Babonić Counts in Central and Lower Pounje as Non-Agrarian Settlements (13th-14th Centuries)
(Fortified Towns of the Babonić Counts in Central and Lower Pounje as Non-Agrarian Settlements (13th-14th Centuries))
- Author(s):Hrvoje Kekez
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Historical Geography, Environmental Geography, Economic history, Local History / Microhistory, Rural and urban sociology, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:157-187
- No. of Pages:31
- Keywords:Babonić Counts; fortified towns; 13th-14th centuries; central and lower Pounje; urban centres;
- Summary/Abstract:From the ancient times, the Una valley (along with that of River Vrbas) was an important traffic and communication route connecting Pannonia and the eastern Adriatic, and it maintained this crucial function throughout the Middle Ages. This favourable geostrategic position led to the foundation of settlements in the Una valley during the medieval period, including the towns of Dubica, Kostajnica, Vodičevo, Zrin, Otoka, Krupa, Ostrožac, and Bihać, which were built at a distance of around 30 kilometres on the average, which was a day of journey for the merchants’ caravans.
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Urban Settlements (oppida) of Vinodol under the Rule of the Counts of Krk: Topographical Situation and Local Organization within the Feudal Manor
Urban Settlements (oppida) of Vinodol under the Rule of the Counts of Krk: Topographical Situation and Local Organization within the Feudal Manor
(Urban Settlements (oppida) of Vinodol under the Rule of the Counts of Krk: Topographical Situation and Local Organization within the Feudal Manor)
- Author(s):Gordan Ravančić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Historical Geography, Environmental Geography, Governance, Public Administration, Local History / Microhistory, Rural and urban sociology, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:189-207
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:oppida; local organization; Feudal Manor; Vindol;
- Summary/Abstract:When discussing Vinodol’s past, one must keep in mind the antiquity of this geographic region, which becomes evident at the very first glance – the clear shape of the valley that stretches from Križišće towards the southeast, surrounded in north and south by mountains belonging to the Bitoraj-Viševica massif. At the same time, one should keep in mind that this geographical situation of Vinodol does not entirely correspond to the former Vinodol municipalities or towns. As it is known, the term “Vinodol towns” includes eight municipalities from Trsat in the northwest to Ledenice in the southeast, which together with Novi (Vinodolski) sums up to the nine towns of medieval Vinodol.
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Nobility of the Croatian Kingdom between Zadar and Its Hinterland during the Late 14th and Early 15th Centuries
Nobility of the Croatian Kingdom between Zadar and Its Hinterland during the Late 14th and Early 15th Centuries
(Nobility of the Croatian Kingdom between Zadar and Its Hinterland during the Late 14th and Early 15th Centuries)
- Author(s):Ivan Majnarić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Public Administration, Economic history, Local History / Microhistory, Social history, Culture and social structure , 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century
- Page Range:209-235
- No. of Pages:27
- Keywords:Nobility; Zadar; 14th century; 15th century;
- Summary/Abstract:In the second half of the 14th century, Zadar became the centre of the Kingdoms of Dalmatia and Croatia. Then, and especially during the first half of the 15th century, it may be best described as a blooming town. The main reason for this situation was a combination of political, social, and economic circumstances, and the market of possibilities was equally open to peasants, craftsmen, merchants, educated administration, and the nobility. The city required personal presence and offered challenges in search for a better future or in establishing or improving one’s reputation. All these opportunities, and especially the last one, played a role in attracting the Croatian nobility, which will be the focus of this article.
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Divided Spaces of Authority: Civic Power and Urban Property in Pre-Modern Western Pannonia
Divided Spaces of Authority: Civic Power and Urban Property in Pre-Modern Western Pannonia
(Divided Spaces of Authority: Civic Power and Urban Property in Pre-Modern Western Pannonia)
- Author(s):Károly Goda
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Church(es), Regional Geography, Historical Geography, Civil Society, Social history, Environmental and Energy policy, Rural and urban sociology, 15th Century
- Page Range:237-260
- No. of Pages:24
- Keywords:Western Pannonia; urban space; civic power;
- Summary/Abstract:The late medieval Pannonian territory along the borders of the Austrian lands as well as the Moravian and the Hungarian regions embraced a number of towns with different internal power and property structures. This paper investigates on a macro-level the closely interwoven dynamics between the authorities in urban spaces and their changing impact on property systems through examining the thirteenth- and seventeenth–century transformation of ownership relations in six neighbouring Austrian (Wiener Neustadt and Linz), Moravian (Olomouc and Jihlava) and Hungarian (Trnava and Sopron) towns. According to general master narratives, the (quasi-)independent towns in this region gradually lost their dominantly civic character and became – both in legal and spatial sense – realms of secular and ecclesiastical landlords. Challenging these concepts, this macro-analysis intends to show the much more complex and diverse phenomena produced by the conflicts of civic communities, territorial (secular and/or ecclesiastical) landlords and the nobility. Through a comparative spatial approach the presentation of ownership changes is to highlight the interplay between structures of power and property and to provide a better understanding of urban continuity and change in pre-modern western Pannonia.
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The Role of Nobility in the Transformation of Towns in 15th-Century Continental Croatia
The Role of Nobility in the Transformation of Towns in 15th-Century Continental Croatia
(The Role of Nobility in the Transformation of Towns in 15th-Century Continental Croatia)
- Author(s):Ratko Vučetić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social history, Culture and social structure , Rural and urban sociology, 15th Century
- Page Range:261-271
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Nobility; 15th-Century; Continental Croatia; city’s structure;
- Summary/Abstract:In the early 15th century, urbanization in Western Europe came to a halt. The roots of stagnation must be sought in the events of the previous period, such as the plague epidemic, which caused a demographic fall and an economic crisis. A series of dynastic conflicts weakened the power of many states, and the increasing demand for agricultural produce and ore changed the overall picture of Europe. From the mid- 15th century onwards, it was the marginal areas of Europe that came into the focus of urbanization, with these processes intensifying in Spain, on the British Isles, in Scandinavia, and in Central and Eastern Europe. The characteristic of these marginal areas was not so much a lack of cities as a multitude of small settlements. During the late Middle Ages, more than 90% of towns in northern Europe (including the Holy Roman Empire) had less than 2000 inhabitants, and around a half of all urban population lived there. The traditional function of small towns was bound to their agrarian surroundings, whereby most of their inhabitants were involved in agricultural production and local trade that was connected to it. In the area of medieval Hungarian-Croatian Kingdom, a network of urban settlements was created that consisted of 30-35 free royal towns and 800-850 marketplaces controlled by the nobility. The towns of Central Europe flourished in the 15th century, coming closer in their evolution to those in the more developed parts of Europe. This evolution of towns coincided with the rise of magnate families in the kingdom, which at that time ruled over most of these urban settlements.
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Privately Owned Towers in Dalmatian Towns during the High and Central Middle Ages
Privately Owned Towers in Dalmatian Towns during the High and Central Middle Ages
(Privately Owned Towers in Dalmatian Towns during the High and Central Middle Ages)
- Author(s):Zrinka Nikolić Jakus
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Regional Geography, Local History / Microhistory, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century
- Page Range:273-293
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Dalmatian Towns; private towers;
- Summary/Abstract:During the high and central Middle Ages, in most although not all Mediterranean towns one of the most prominent expressions of power for urban nobility was to own a fortified residence or refuge where their families could find shelter in times of danger. Mighty private towers, which dominated the townscapes of northern and central Italy and, as it seems, also of southern France and central/southern Germany, were the visual means of self-assertion for the prominent families within their urban societies and spaces, while in historical studies their role has been particularly popularized by the work of Jacques Heers on urban noble family kindreds. These private towers often protected large building complexes that belonged to individual noble kindreds, which also gave them their names (e.g. the still extant Torri dei Salvucci in San Gimignano, a small Tuscan town particularly famous for its tall private towers).
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Dubrovnik’s Burgus of St Blasius in the 13th Century
Dubrovnik’s Burgus of St Blasius in the 13th Century
(Dubrovnik’s Burgus of St Blasius in the 13th Century)
- Author(s):Irena Benyovsky Latin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Historical Geography, Environmental Geography, Local History / Microhistory, Rural and urban sociology, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:295-326
- No. of Pages:32
- Keywords:Dubrovnik; urban development; 13th century; Burgus of St Blasius;
- Summary/Abstract:There are a number of studies on the urban development of medieval Dubrovnik, which analyze the basic way of its expansion beyond the old city walls and its spatial formation to the north, which resulted in the final articulation of its urban area and the construction of the new city walls by the end of the 13th century. But regardless of these research results, the level of urbanization in 13th-century Dubrovnik is still a matter of debate among the historians, archaeologists, and art historians. An especially under-researched area is the situation of urban space regarding property or possessions, as well as the location and residential mobility of specific social subjects and their real estate, which are all crucial elements in understanding the city’s urban evolution. This article aims at analyzing the development of Dubrovnik’s burgus of St Blasius as it was transformed from an extra-urban territory into a suburb and then, at the turn of the 14th century, into a central area of the medieval city.
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Property and Ownership in Dubrovnik's Confraternity of St Anthony in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Ages
Property and Ownership in Dubrovnik's Confraternity of St Anthony in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Ages
(Property and Ownership in Dubrovnik's Confraternity of St Anthony in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Ages)
- Author(s):Zrinka Pešorda Vardić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History of Church(es), Economic history, Local History / Microhistory, Government/Political systems, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:327-347
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Confraternity of St Anthony; ownership; Dubrovnik; 14th century;
- Summary/Abstract:Throughout the centuries of its history, Dubrovnik’s confraternity of St Anthony was one of its most important institutions besides the official authorities and the Church. Established in 1432 by merging two earlier confraternities, that of the Holy Spirit and the Holy Saviour (founded in 1348) and that of St Anthony the First Ab-bot and St Peter (founded probably in 1363), it soon became the most distinguished confraternity in the city. It showed some typical features of a confraternity – focus on the spiritual needs of the brethren, care for the needs of its sick and dying members, offering the feeling of belonging to a community, the possibility of engaging in lay spirituality, and hope in eternal salvation. In the spirit of Christ’s words “Whatever you did for one of the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me,” con-fraternities were known for their charity work, which was not limited exclusively to its members, but also included the broader community and all people in need, which distinguished them from the exclusively professional guilds, who cared mostly for their own.
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Real Property of Wealthy Commoners: The Formation and Rise of Commoner Lineages in Trogir after 1420
Real Property of Wealthy Commoners: The Formation and Rise of Commoner Lineages in Trogir after 1420
(Real Property of Wealthy Commoners: The Formation and Rise of Commoner Lineages in Trogir after 1420)
- Author(s):Ana Plosnić Škarić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Architecture, Economic history, Local History / Microhistory, Social history, 15th Century
- Page Range:349-376
- No. of Pages:28
- Keywords:Commoner Lineages; Trogir; 1420; property;
- Summary/Abstract:Among the changes occurring in the communal societies of Dalmatia during the 15th century, the emergence of a wealthy commoner class was an important process, and it has been described in some detail by Tomislav Raukar. Even though he has set its beginnings as early as the 14th century, he claims that it particularly flourished with the establishment of the Venetian rule. He has also emphasized, however, that this process has hitherto been investigated in detail only for Zadar and Split.
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Commoners’ Ownership in Medieval Cities: Real-Estate Trading of Split’s Craftsmen in the Mid-Fifteenth Century
Commoners’ Ownership in Medieval Cities: Real-Estate Trading of Split’s Craftsmen in the Mid-Fifteenth Century
(Commoners’ Ownership in Medieval Cities: Real-Estate Trading of Split’s Craftsmen in the Mid-Fifteenth Century)
- Author(s):Tonija Andrić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economic history, Local History / Microhistory, 15th Century
- Page Range:377-398
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Real-Estate Trading; Split; Craftsmen; 15th century;
- Summary/Abstract:This study is based on the analysis of archived documents on real estate trading among Split’s craftsmen in the period from 1443-1449. These records have remained preserved in a notarial volume assembled by Domnik de Manfredis during his service in Split, and are kept today at the State Archives in Zadar, in the Old Split Archive collection. The volume comprises 16 notebooks referring to the period from 1441- 1449, but for the purposes of this analysis, only notebooks 3-16 have been taken into account, as the first two are very badly damaged and that makes reconstruction of a significant part of the text impossible.
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Urban Elites and Real Estate in Medieval Town: Owners of Palaces in Medieval Gradec (Zagreb)
Urban Elites and Real Estate in Medieval Town: Owners of Palaces in Medieval Gradec (Zagreb)
(Urban Elites and Real Estate in Medieval Town: Owners of Palaces in Medieval Gradec (Zagreb))
- Author(s):Bruno Škreblin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Architecture, Local History / Microhistory, Social history, Culture and social structure , Rural and urban sociology, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:399-437
- No. of Pages:39
- Keywords:urban elite of Zagreb’s Gradec; palace owners; property records; organization of urban space;
- Summary/Abstract:Exploring the property relations in a medieval city is often the only way to re-construct the financial status of citizens or families. In Central European cities, a citizen’s wealth was closely related to his political power, i.e. his administrative functions and honours, which is why social topography is essential when reconstructing the socio-political status of individual citizens. The urban elite of Zagreb’s Gradec is a representative example of such urban elites. Same as in other Central Europe-an cities, the urban elite of Gradec consisted of wealthy merchants, craftsmen, and members of petty nobility, all of whom can be identified as owners of various estates, urban houses, or land plots in the municipal territory. Owning real estate in the city was the basic prerequisite for obtaining civil rights, which were required in order to join the city administration. Therefore, ownership was closely related to authority in medieval Gradec. Nevertheless, this research focuses on ownership over a single type of property – the palace – as the most representative private possession, at least in principle. Naturally, we could not avoid raising the issue of what the term actually denoted, but since the analysis is mostly based on archival records, the final decision and definition have been left to art historians and historians of architecture.
- Price: 8.00 €
Women and Property in Medieval Slavonian Towns
Women and Property in Medieval Slavonian Towns
(Women and Property in Medieval Slavonian Towns)
- Author(s):Marija Karbić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Civil Law, Economic history, Gender history, 13th to 14th Centuries, 15th Century
- Page Range:439-454
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Medieval Slavonian Towns; women and property; Women as owners of real estate;
- Summary/Abstract:This article focuses on the position of women in medieval Slavonian towns regarding their right to possessing real estate and disposing with their immovable property. Even though there were many towns in the territory of medieval Slavonia or present-day north-western Croatia, be it free royal towns, which were directly subjected to the crown, or marketplaces, which formed a part of noble estates and enjoyed only limited autonomy, my research primarily focuses on Zagreb’s Gradec and Varaždin, mostly because their sources have been best preserved.
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The Foreigner and Ownership Rights in Eastern Adriatic Medieval Communes
The Foreigner and Ownership Rights in Eastern Adriatic Medieval Communes
(The Foreigner and Ownership Rights in Eastern Adriatic Medieval Communes)
- Author(s):Ante Birin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Civil Law, Rural and urban sociology, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:455-468
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Ownership Rights; Eastern Adriatic medieval cities; ownership rights for foreigners;
- Summary/Abstract:The legal position of foreigners in Eastern Adriatic medieval cities, which in the period from the 12th to 14th centuries organized themselves as communal societies, is a subject that surpasses the existing juridical sources, same as in the case of Italian cities. Limited almost exclusively to the city statutes, i.e. codices of urban law, these sources – chronologically determined by their time of composition and conceptually insufficient concerning the fact that they were more or less regulating only some questions regarding the foreigners – reveal only the tip of an iceberg in terms of their legal status. The lack of juridical sources from the pre-statutory period, on the one hand, leaves open the question how the legal position of foreigners was regulated at the time and how it gradually evolved. Partnership and commercial contracts with which the Eastern Adriatic communes sought to regulate, bilaterally, their relations to each other, as well as towards the Western Adriatic communes during the 12th and 13th centuries, reveal that the two fundamental principles on which they were based - the principle of reciprocity and the principle of protecting the property and person of foreigners (merchants) – became and remained the basis of their legal status when codifying urban law.
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Mechanisms of Immovable Property Transfer in a Medieval Town: The Case of Zadar
Mechanisms of Immovable Property Transfer in a Medieval Town: The Case of Zadar
(Mechanisms of Immovable Property Transfer in a Medieval Town: The Case of Zadar)
- Author(s):Tomislav Popić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Civil Law, Local History / Microhistory, 13th to 14th Centuries
- Page Range:469-508
- No. of Pages:40
- Keywords:Immovable Property Transfer; Zadar; 14th century;
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this article is to analyse several mechanisms that served as a basis of immovable property transfer between people of medieval Dalmatian towns. Medieval Zadar has been selected for the case study because the surviving records allow us not only to outline these mechanisms, but also to track the ways in which property transfer was carried out in everyday practice. The main source used is the archival fond of Zadar’s High Court for Civil Disputes, Curia maior civilium (hereafter: CMC), a collection of documents mostly dated to the second half of the 14th century. A careful study of these records offers an insight from a new angle into the everyday practice of immovable property transfer and allows for comparing it with the norms set down in the Statute of Zadar.
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Memoria S. Chrysogoni: Between the Legend on the Transfer of Relics and Ownership over Monastic Land
Memoria S. Chrysogoni: Between the Legend on the Transfer of Relics and Ownership over Monastic Land
(Memoria S. Chrysogoni: Between the Legend on the Transfer of Relics and Ownership over Monastic Land)
- Author(s):Trpimir Vedriš
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Church(es), History of Law, Local History / Microhistory, Middle Ages
- Page Range:509-534
- No. of Pages:26
- Keywords:ownership; possession; Monastic Land; St Chrysogonus; Zadar;
- Summary/Abstract:A series of randomly selected terms from the titles of various papers presented at this conference (property, ownership rights, real-estate ownership, and possession) re-minds us – besides the fact that the speakers have adhered to the given subject – that, when speaking of “property”, we implicitly have in mind the “actual”, that is, material property. However, if one resists the almost spontaneous slip into determining the object of property or ownership as exclusively material, one does not need to be re-minded that, just as the “material capital” is by no means the only imaginable form of capital, thus the ownership over material property is not (necessarily) the only form of ownership. The same is, as it seems, valid for possession or property. When reflecting on the possibility of owning or possessing immaterial goods, I must, however, consciously avoid the basically conceptual and terminological question of whether one can actually possess immaterial goods. Therefore, staring from the presumption that the “ownership” or “possession” of things like memory or knowledge is in a way also possible – and I will try to show, on a selected example from the medieval history of Zadar, an interesting relationship between such “symbolic” and “actual” forms of possession.
- Price: 8.00 €