Proceedings of the 31st International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences
Proceedings of the 31st International RAIS Conference on Social Sciences
Contributor(s): Nichole McVeigh (Editor), Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru (Editor)
Subject(s): Higher Education , Economic development, Law on Economics, EU-Legislation
ISSN: 2578-8574
Published by: Scientia Moralitas Research Institute
Summary/Abstract: This publication presents the proceedings of the 31st International RAIS Conference on SocialSciences and Humanities held at American University, in Washington DC, USA, on April 6-7,2023.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-1-945298-55-4
- Page Count: 205
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: English
Finance Followership
Finance Followership
(Finance Followership)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Behaviorism, Business Ethics
- Page Range:1-8
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Corporate Social Responsibility; Behavioral Economics; Strategic followership; Sustainability; Sustainable Finance;
- Summary/Abstract:Management Science offers the most extensive account of leadership theory and practice. Business Schools around the world teach and educate leadership skills and practical advice on how to be a successful leader. In the wealth of theoretical knowledge and practical insights on leadership, to this day, however, our understanding of followership is limited despite the facts that not everyone wants to lead on a constant basis and it is technically impossible for everyone to lead all time long. In fact, most of our lives we spend being led and following the crowd. This article addresses followership in the finance domain. The importance of attention to followership in finance is underlined by the personal gain opportunities through strategic finance followership. Guidelines on how to enhance wealth through wise followership in the finance sector are provided. The article also gives practical examples of finance followership in the global governance domain of contemporary climate change redistribution strategies. The paper ends with a future prospect and research avenues to explore followership in finance, management, business and governance research and teaching.
The Applied Music Studio: Teaching Students With Special Needs
The Applied Music Studio: Teaching Students With Special Needs
(The Applied Music Studio: Teaching Students With Special Needs)
- Author(s):Tracy Lee Heavner
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Music, State/Government and Education, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
- Page Range:9-13
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Music Education; Music Technology; Applied Music; Special Needs;
- Summary/Abstract:With recent advances in technology, it is essential that music educators become knowledgeable of various software programs that could assist in the teaching of students with special needs in applied music lessons. Computer software music programs can be categorized into six areas: listening, transcribing, tuning, developing a steady tempo, accompanying and recording. When listening to music to be learned in the applied lesson, two applications that could assist special needs students are Spotify and YouTube. When transcribing music, Anytune and Tempo SlowMo are two programs that could assist students with transcription. Before beginning a lesson, it is necessary that students tune their instrument. InsTuner is an application that allows performers to chromatically tune any instrument. During a performance, it is essential that students keep a steady tempo. Pro Metronome is a software program that assists in developing this skill. When special needs students are learning their repertoire, Smart Music and Band in a Box are two popular software programs that will accompany them. When recording a performance, Audacity and Garageband are two software programs that will allow students to make a quality recording. Incorporating computer technology into the teaching of applied lessons allows students with special needs to progress at a faster rate and makes learning more exciting and enjoyable. With so many advances in technology occurring every day, applied music teachers should take full advantage of new software applications when teaching students with special needs so maximum learning can take place.
Bullying among Kazakhstan School Learners and Overcoming Strategies
Bullying among Kazakhstan School Learners and Overcoming Strategies
(Bullying among Kazakhstan School Learners and Overcoming Strategies)
- Author(s):Assylbekova Marziya, Atemova Kalipa, Baltabayeva Zhaniyat, Muhambek Dilnur
- Language:English
- Subject(s):School education, Educational Psychology, Studies in violence and power, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:14-20
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Bullying; cyberbullying; adolescents; psychological consequences; public health;
- Summary/Abstract:Bullying often involves harm to others, especially adolescents. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of bullying, identify risk factors, and assess the relationship between bullying and the psychological status of adolescents who face this problem in the region of Kazakhstan. The research was conducted on 224 students between the ages of 11 and 16 using an online survey in a validated Google Form to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of bullying, as well as questionnaires to assess the psychological consequences of bullying. In response to the question, Where is bullying most common?, 42.8% of the participants answered “on social networks,” 33.5% answered “in the yard, on the street,” and 23.7% answered “at school.” About 20% of the participants spent more than 12 hours on the Internet every day, and the overall estimated prevalence of bullying and cyberbullying was 42.8%. In addition, 26.3% of the participants had a significant deterioration in academic performance due to cyberbullying. Approximately 20% of all participants considered dropping out of school, 19.7% considered stopping Internet use, and 21.1% considered harming themselves as a result of bullying. Furthermore, 75% of schoolchildren were victims of bullying. Unfortunately, schools are not entirely safe environments for children. Schoolchildren talked about the negative effects of bullying, negative childhood experiences, and trauma. Currently, researchers focus on "bullying" and its psychological consequences. Some researchers have identified characteristics of bullying victims, such as low self-esteem, poor social connection, aggression, anxiety, and complicated family relationships.
Medicare Recipient Characteristics and Utilization of Emergency Departments
Medicare Recipient Characteristics and Utilization of Emergency Departments
(Medicare Recipient Characteristics and Utilization of Emergency Departments)
- Author(s):Patricia García, Diana Garza, Adam Guerrero
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Management and complex organizations, Health and medicine and law
- Page Range:21-28
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Affordable Care Act; Quality Payment Program; Medicare;
- Summary/Abstract:The Affordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted to enhance access to care, primarily among non-elderly and low-income populations. The ACA has three primary goals, first, to provide affordable health insurance available to more people; second, to expand the medical program to cover all adults with income below 138% of the federal poverty level; and third, to support innovative medical care methods designed to lower the cost of healthcare. Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) were created as part of the Quality Payment Program to appropriately incentivize physicians based on high-quality and cost-efficient care of Medicare beneficiaries and lower healthcare costs. Despite the significant reduction in Medicare spending from ACOs, a great proportion of Emergency Department (ED) visits by the Medicare population is considered preventable. This study analyzed a sample of Medicare claims of all ED visits between 2015 and 2020 of a cohort of Medicare patients that enrolled in an ACO in 2017. The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in ED visits, mortality rates, and institutional paid amount before and after ACO policy intervention, while identifying whether there were differences in ED utilization by gender and insurance plan
Building Peace through Communication in an English Language Classroom at a Higher Education Institution
Building Peace through Communication in an English Language Classroom at a Higher Education Institution
(Building Peace through Communication in an English Language Classroom at a Higher Education Institution)
- Author(s):Nichole McVeigh
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Communication studies, Higher Education , History of Education
- Page Range:29-39
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Conflict resolution; English; additional language (EAL); peace language
- Summary/Abstract:As the interaction and exchange of cultural diversity through globalization increase in our modern world so does the need for strategies to reduce the risk of cross-cultural conflicts. This qualitative action research study aimed to explore the intersection of language learning and peace education in a multicultural university setting. Specifically, this study focused on the researcher’s role as an English professor to encourage intercultural exchanges that promote peaceful communication and explore pedagogical tools to incorporate in class to help students manage, resolve, and transform conflict. Using a two-cycle exploratory action research approach, data were collected through student surveys, individual interviews, focus group discussions, student feedback forms, and reflection journals. The first cycle involved fifteen participants in a course on conflict resolution skills taught by the researcher, and the second cycle involved nine students in a low-intermediate English class where the content was incorporated into the language course. Thematic analysis was conducted on the interviews and focus groups. The findings from the student feedback and reflection journals helped to create a curriculum to be implemented in the English-medium classroom. The findings confirmed the importance of implementing conflict resolution skills in the English as an Additional Language (EAL) classroom at a multicultural university. The implications for social change from this research include the development of valuable tools to be used in the classroom to guide students to utilize appropriate language to bring about peaceful communication so that they can graduate with the necessary skills to become competent cross-cultural communicators.
Biometric Identification: Opportunities and Challenges in the Digital World
Biometric Identification: Opportunities and Challenges in the Digital World
(Biometric Identification: Opportunities and Challenges in the Digital World)
- Author(s):Nicoleta-Elena Heghes
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Criminal Law, International Law
- Page Range:40-44
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:identity; identification; authentification; biometrics; biometric identification;
- Summary/Abstract:Biometrics involves automatic methods of recognizing individuals based on physical or behavioral characteristics. These methods include fingerprints, retina and iris scanning, hand and finger geometry, voice feature recognition and facial recognition. Biometric technologies have become the preferred solutions for a wide range of applications. Biometrics is already incorporated in national security solutions, such as improving airport security, border control, verifying identification documents and visas, preventing identity fraud. Electronic identification systems have several advantages over well-known traditional identification methods, namely paper documents or personal verification. They are safer, much more efficient and very convenient. Consequently, biometric recognition systems are now being implemented in many government applications, including electronic identity cards, electronic passports, but also civil applications such as logging into a PC, laptop, mobile phone, internet access, smartcard etc. Identification elements cannot be lost, forgotten or stolen, as happens with passwords, identity cards or bank cards, as physiological characteristics have the advantage of being relatively stable over time.
Food Waste Management and Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Supply Chain Operations Reference Model
Food Waste Management and Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Supply Chain Operations Reference Model
(Food Waste Management and Artificial Intelligence Adoption in Supply Chain Operations Reference Model)
- Author(s):Sonal Pandey
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:45-53
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; Data analysis; Food waste; Survey; SCOR model;
- Summary/Abstract:Unused food is discarded, lost, or uneaten; these are the three types of food waste. Despite their similarities, all three have critical differences within their definitions. Food waste or loss causes are numerous and occur at the production, processing, retailing, and consumption stages. Current estimates put global food loss and waste between one-third and one-half of all food produced. Loss and wastage occur at all food supply or value chain stages. In low-income countries, most loss occurs during production, while in developed countries, much food – about 100 kilograms (220 lbs.) per person per year – is wasted at the consumption stage. Everyday households around the world throw away tons of food while many people on the same planet are dying from hunger. Our reality is full of contradictory facts that we can ignore or not. For someone, this will be a good reason to get concerned and take care of their food waste, while others will need more reasons for that. A good reason would be the collection of data by local community to show the reality of the percentage of food waste in households. The U.S. Department of Agriculture estimates that more than 130 billion pounds (about 58966960000 kg) of food is wasted in this country alone every year – an average of more than 200 pounds of food per person. It is a staggering number, and combined with the approximately 17 percent of food going to waste in the rest of the world, it has real consequences for people everywhere (embrace relief.org). The cost of food for the preparation of meals is the second largest expense in households, right after personnel costs. This study aims to explore ways to reduce food wastes and losses and establish a better management of food disposal in households. Data was colected through a survey of local households in New Jersey. An in-depth survey was conducted with the help of Survey Monkey and 1000 local households were contacted in November 2022, with a brief introduction to the research topic. 891 respondents replied and showed interest in sharing their views on the topic and ready to share the data of their household food waste. To maintain confidentiality, I have anonymized the respondents as a number. The purpose of the descriptive data analysis was to show how important food waste management is and what the several reasons are for household food waste. With single-family settings, I also try to analyze the amount of food waste per family. The results of my analysis show the amount of food wasted in this area every month. Based on the analysis, there are suggestions about how we can minimize food waste. To give lots of suggestions, I implemented the SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference) model facilitated by Artificial Intelligence.
Military Recruiting: Determining Minority Representation Across Air Force Occupational Specialties
Military Recruiting: Determining Minority Representation Across Air Force Occupational Specialties
(Military Recruiting: Determining Minority Representation Across Air Force Occupational Specialties)
- Author(s):Reuben Rodriguez, Diana Garza, Adam Guerrero
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Military policy
- Page Range:54-61
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Air Force; military; recruitment; occupational specialties; minorities;
- Summary/Abstract:The United States Air Force aims to inspire, engage, and recruit the next generation of Airmen with an annual goal of over 30,000 recruits across 130 career fields. The Air Force Recruiting Service and its recruiters stationed around the globe are tasked with recruiting, screening, and placing applicants into their assigned Air Force Specialty Codes (AFSC) or occupational specialties. As the military services experience challenges in recruiting, it is crucial to recruit and retain personnel in essential roles within the service. Career placement and career progression are important factors regarding recruiting and retention goals. This study examines applicant data to include race, gender, and occupational specialty information from fiscal year 2019 and outlines applicants that were recruited and successfully sent to basic military training. This study aims to evaluate occupational specialties for applicants across South Texas and Eastern Louisiana and determine if minority groups are equally represented in their Air Force career field allocations. The study addresses gaps in the literature by focusing on a segmented portion of the United States and outlining minority representation in Air Force Specialties. Gaining a better understanding of demographic in recruiting can provide an avenue to reallocate resources to meet accessions objectives.
Addressing Female Discrimination
Addressing Female Discrimination
(Addressing Female Discrimination)
- Author(s):Mihaela Agata Popescu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Gender Studies, Social differentiation
- Page Range:62-65
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:discrimination; law; freedoms; gender policies;
- Summary/Abstract:Although the anti-discrimination policy promotes the elimination of any differences, ensuring equal opportunities for women and men to the same extent, the simple provision of these things in the legal norms is not able to ensure the intended effect of gender policies. There is a need for changing mentalities, for a greater assumption by women of the roles that equal chances and opportunities imply for them, in all areas of public or private life.
How Different Digital Marketing Techniques Drive and Empower Sneakerhead Purchasing Behaviors: A Theoretical Literature Review
How Different Digital Marketing Techniques Drive and Empower Sneakerhead Purchasing Behaviors: A Theoretical Literature Review
(How Different Digital Marketing Techniques Drive and Empower Sneakerhead Purchasing Behaviors: A Theoretical Literature Review)
- Author(s):Greg Grovey, Diana Garza
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Behaviorism, Marketing / Advertising, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:66-72
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:digital marketing; hunger marketing; live-stream marketing; influencer marketing;
- Summary/Abstract:Marketing to consumers has become an art that needs to be further studied, particularly in the sneaker industry. The sneaker product category has exploded in the last few years, forcing retailers to be creative when developing marketing strategies. Technology has allowed consumers to be in control, extending their connection with a particular brand. Consumers have become digitally enabled and can shop at any time and on any channel. For brands to be successful, they must be able to realign their business around the consumer rather than the brand. The use of technology is a competitive force that strengthens competitiveness by using social media as an outlet to reach specific market segments, in this case, the Sneakerhead segment. Consumers will be attracted to brands that treat them intelligently and know their preferences creating a seamless experience at the time of purchase. This literature review will explore different types of marketing, as well as collaborations between brands and celebrities, and how these strategies can influence purchasing behavior.
European Energy Policies
European Energy Policies
(European Energy Policies)
- Author(s):Alexandru Petrea
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
- Page Range:73-78
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:energy security; green energy; energy trends; energy transformations;
- Summary/Abstract:An energy revolution based on renewable sources and energy efficiency is needed not only to accelerate progress and economic development, but also to reduce the emissions that are rapidly warming and transforming our planet. The energy transition is not a one-size-fits-all process. It involves a combination of objectives, tools, policies, technologies, financing and resources. While the destination is common the path to the final goal depends on economic, social, ecological or security circumstances. However, the process must be fair, comprehensive and systemic so that no one is left behind, and international and regional policies and cooperation are essential to facilitate the exchange of experiences and best practices. The energy transition can no longer be limited to small transformative steps. It is time for it to become a transformational, system-overhaul effort based on the rapid expansion and deployment of all available technologies. This is the right time to reassess long-held assumptions and adopt the most appropriate policies and strategies at European Union level. European policies cover a wide range of areas, from trade and competition, to the environment and climate change, transport, energy, education and more. European energy policy aims to ensure the EU's energy security, promote a transition to a low-carbon economy and encourage the use of sustainable energy resources. This involves making decisions about the energy market, energy efficiency, the diversification of energy sources and the promotion of renewable energies.
European Union Cohesion Policy and Euroscepticism: A Literature Review
European Union Cohesion Policy and Euroscepticism: A Literature Review
(European Union Cohesion Policy and Euroscepticism: A Literature Review)
- Author(s):Dana Kubenkova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Governance, Electoral systems, EU-Legislation, Administrative Law
- Page Range:79-86
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Euroscepticism; cohesion policy; voter support; populism;
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this article is to provide a consolidated overview of existing knowledge on the relationship between European Union Cohesion Policy and voter support for Eurosceptic political parties, identify gaps in research, and suggest recommendations for further studies. The literature review is conceived from the perspective of regional economics and politics. Our analysis will investigate whether the increased levels of investments in creating jobs, enhancing human capital, promoting innovation, improving the quality of life, infrastructure, environment, and other attributes through the European Union Cohesion policy have resulted in a decline in support of voters for Eurosceptic political parties. Furthermore, we will examine whether these investments have no effect in this context or have actually contributed to increasing such support. Our literature review will be limited to studies that have examined this issue at the regional level of current or former European Union member states and which are based on the disciplines of regional economics and politics.
The Evolution of the Property Concept in Roman Law
The Evolution of the Property Concept in Roman Law
(The Evolution of the Property Concept in Roman Law)
- Author(s):Ionuţ Ciutacu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Civil Law, Roman law
- Page Range:87-91
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:the collective property of the gens; peregrine ownership; proprietas;
- Summary/Abstract:In primitive times, people used things from the environment to satisfy their basic needs. Initially, things were used to satisfy elementary needs. Later, the production of the three social divisions of labor contributed to the development of society and to the increase of the role those certain categories of objects had in everyday life. Along with this, people became aware of the importance of regulating the control they exercised over these things and the necessity of enshrining the right of ownership. In Roman law, the institution of property crystallized after a long process. This process began in the very Ancient Era, when movable property came under the scope of private property, and land came under the scope of collective property, continued in the Classical Era, when private property manifested itself in several forms, and completed in the Post-Classical Era, with their unification.
Cacophony of Bleats: Insider’s Response to Sustainability of Private Universities in Nigeria
Cacophony of Bleats: Insider’s Response to Sustainability of Private Universities in Nigeria
(Cacophony of Bleats: Insider’s Response to Sustainability of Private Universities in Nigeria)
- Author(s):Ayandiji Daniel Aina
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Higher Education , State/Government and Education
- Page Range:92-98
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Private universities; Quality assurance; Access; ProliferationPrivate universities; Quality assurance; Access; Proliferation;
- Summary/Abstract:An unprecedented number of new private universities were chartered in 2021 (20) and 2022 (12), bringing the total number to 111 which have been issued operating licenses since 1999 when the first four were registered. This act of proliferation (massification) has brought to the fore the raging issue about the sustainability of private universities in Nigeria. This growing concern formed a larger part of the theme of the summit on the sustainability of private universities in Africa organized a little over a decade ago (2012) by the Association of African Universities (AAU) in collaboration with the African Union (AU) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Using an insider perspective, this paper tries to explore how government excessive consideration of the need to create access to higher education for young applicants and subtle regional balancing created a cacophony of bleats as the universities grapple with insufficiency of critical infrastructure (finances, equipment and human resources) with which to deliver on quality assurance. This paper discusses how the universities adopt survivalist strategies and the impact on late entrants to the circle vis-à-vis knowledge production, societal relevance, and innovation. It recommends a moratorium on further charter of more private universities and a consolidation of the existing ones.
Jokes – Legally Speaking (Part two)
Jokes – Legally Speaking (Part two)
(Jokes – Legally Speaking (Part two))
- Author(s):Bogdan Radu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):International Law, Sociology of Law
- Page Range:99-103
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:jokes; pranks; jocandi causa; null contracts;
- Summary/Abstract:Continuing the legal research on jokes, this article outlines how jokes, satire and sarcasm – all forms of discrepancy between appearance and essence – may affect the validity of contracts; also, the research follows the civil legal implications of making jokes or pranks on someone focusing on the liability that stems from law. Jokes, satire and sarcasm are, most of the times, taken lightly but nevertheless, if certain conditions are met, they can produce legal consequences everyone must be aware of.
Autonomy of the Person with Disabilities in Romania
Autonomy of the Person with Disabilities in Romania
(Autonomy of the Person with Disabilities in Romania)
- Author(s):Roxana Topor
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Inclusive Education / Inclusion
- Page Range:104-109
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:disability; autonomy; person; physical impairment; mental impairment; discrimination;
- Summary/Abstract:The topic "Autonomy of the person with disabilities in Romania" aimed to investigate the level of autonomy of people with disabilities in Romania, as well as the factors influencing this autonomy. The study is important to identify the needs of these people and to help develop policies and programmes that support their autonomy and social inclusion. The results of the research showed that people with disabilities in Romania have low autonomy, influenced by factors such as limited access to care and support services, stigma and discrimination. Therefore, it is necessary for authorities and society in general to pay more attention and provide support to ensure that people with disabilities have access to the necessary resources and benefit from their rights to develop their autonomy.
The Unilateral Promise to Enter a Contract
The Unilateral Promise to Enter a Contract
(The Unilateral Promise to Enter a Contract)
- Author(s):Diana-Geanina Ionaş
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Civil Law, Commercial Law
- Page Range:110-117
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:negotiations; contract; legal nature; conditions; effects; compared law;
- Summary/Abstract:The conclusion of a contract can occur in a spontaneous manner, by unequivocally accepting an offer, or preceded by negotiation between parties, whether extensive or simpler. Within these negotiations, the parties can conclude certain preparative contracts which precede the conclusion of the main contract. Among these is the unilateral promise to enter a contract. In practice, it is often difficult to choose between the options provided by the lawmaker so that the document is an accurate expression of the parties’ will. Therefore, legal construction requires clear and precise theoretical approaches that establish the validity conditions, the nature, and legal effects of the contract to efficiently protect the parties. The current paper presents an extensive study of the unilateral promise to enter a contract, from a historical perspective, by pointing out and commenting on the controversial aspects of specialty literature. By using the comparative method, the paper describes the institution of the unilateral promise to enter a contract in relation to other systems of law, thus being a useful tool for both doctrinarians and practitioners.
Intergenerational Followership of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
Intergenerational Followership of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs)
(Intergenerational Followership of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs))
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Management and complex organizations
- Page Range:118-123
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Behavioral Economics; Behavioral Insights; Development; Economics;
- Summary/Abstract:The contemporary business and management literature offers an ample account of leadership theory and practice guidance. Future corporate employees are trained to climb up the hierarchy to obtain the aspirational goal of leadership. Leadership theory in the Western world appears to focus on large corporations and multi-national businesses. Most recently, literature emerged that points at drawing attention to small-medium enterprises (SMEs), which are actually the majority of businesses, especially dominating in smaller more fractionate market economics, such as the European continent. SMEs are also the most predominant form of business in developing and transition economies. This article draws attention to the importance of shedding light on SMEs in the overall business, economics and management literature. Currently there is also literature emerging on the importance of attention to followership in the wealth of insights already derived for leadership management and practice. Strategic followership aids decision-makers decide wisely how to follow, whom to follow and when to follow. This paper will address followership in SMEs. Lastly, this paper also contributes by drawing attention to an overlooked feature of SMEs in mainly being family firms. The SMEs nature of family business will be investigated from an intergenerational aspect in order to derive strategic followership advice with respect for intergenerational family influences. The paper closes with an outlook of future research in the field of SME strategic followership with respect for intergenerational family business characteristics.
Some Aspects of Custom, Written Law and Pravila seen as Sources of Medieval Romanian Law
Some Aspects of Custom, Written Law and Pravila seen as Sources of Medieval Romanian Law
(Some Aspects of Custom, Written Law and Pravila seen as Sources of Medieval Romanian Law)
- Author(s):Marilena Marin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Civil Law
- Page Range:124-130
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:source of law; custom; legal custom; written law; pravil; non-specialized written law;
- Summary/Abstract:The concept of "source of law" is the starting point of social relations, as it provides the foundation for rules of conduct, the behavior of parties, and the concept of legal order. It is said that 'in the beginning was the word', meaning that legal customs provided the basis for social relations, which later became known as legal relations. As society evolved, so did the evolution of law, leading to the emergence of non-specialized written law, and later, specialized written law. This evolution can also be observed in Romanian law.
Reflections on the Causes of the Disastrous Moral and Political Decline of the Kingdom of Judah, Leading to their Conquest by the Babylonians
Reflections on the Causes of the Disastrous Moral and Political Decline of the Kingdom of Judah, Leading to their Conquest by the Babylonians
(Reflections on the Causes of the Disastrous Moral and Political Decline of the Kingdom of Judah, Leading to their Conquest by the Babylonians)
- Author(s):Ioan-Gheorghe Rotaru
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Sociology of Religion, History of Religion
- Page Range:131-138
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Kingdom of Judah; causes; moral decay; political decay; disaster; conquest; captivity;
- Summary/Abstract:This article addresses the causes of the moral and political decline of the Kingdom of Judah, which led to its conquest by the Babylonians in 586 BC. Speaking of the history of the kingdom of Judah in the last days of its existence, the last four kings were very wicked, totally against their father, King Josiah. They did not respect the word of the Lord at all, nor the word of the prophet Jeremiah, without having a vision of their time, going against the current of the time, which led things to a national disaster. Thus in 586 BC, Jerusalem was conquered, the temple was burned and completely destroyed and the people taken into slavery, so for 70 years Jerusalem was a ruin. No one believed it could ever be rebuilt. In the last 20 years of the Kingdom of Judah's existence lived and worked the great prophet Jeremiah, who understood that Babylonian suzerainty was a thing ordained by God, counselling the king and the people to understand this. Unfortunately the prophet's messages were not heeded, and in the end, things went according to the predictions of the prophet Jeremiah.
Traditio, Specificatio and Accessio - Methods of Acquiring Property in Roman Law
Traditio, Specificatio and Accessio - Methods of Acquiring Property in Roman Law
(Traditio, Specificatio and Accessio - Methods of Acquiring Property in Roman Law)
- Author(s):Ionuţ Ciutacu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History of Law, Roman law
- Page Range:139-144
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Property; traditio; specificatio; accessio;
- Summary/Abstract:At the beginning of the Ancient Era, the quiritary property had only res mancipi as its object. The development of society and the evolution of legal ideas determined the appearance of res nec mancipi. The master mentality of the Romans led them to legally protect the control exercised over these assets and to expand the scope of the quiritary property. The creation of accessio, specificatio and traditio, as specific ways of acquiring property over res nec mancipi, had the effect of optimizing the legal regime of quiritary property and expanding the scope of application of this legal institution.
Research on the Connection Between the Administrative Capacity of the National Education System and the Management of Educational Change (Part Two)
Research on the Connection Between the Administrative Capacity of the National Education System and the Management of Educational Change (Part Two)
(Research on the Connection Between the Administrative Capacity of the National Education System and the Management of Educational Change (Part Two))
- Author(s):Elena Roxana Vişan
- Language:English
- Subject(s):School education, State/Government and Education
- Page Range:145-175
- No. of Pages:31
- Keywords:administrative capacity; impact; institutional accountability
- Summary/Abstract:Changes and challenges in the universal social system are also leading to obvious changes in education systems. In this context, there is a need for efficiency among national education systems, made possible by developing administrative capacity and accelerating educational change. Starting from this premise, the present article reflects a scientific approach based on the quantitative research method in order to establish the connection between the administrative capacity of the Romanian education system and the management of educational change. Thus, the phenomenon of change plays a fundamental role in the process of evolution of educational management, as educational entities become organizations in terms of structure, management, vision, mission, relationships and climate. Organizational development and good governance are therefore supported by effective management of administrative capacity in line with educational change.
On the Downsides of Scientific Leadership: Colleague Amnesia’ and ‘Motivated Forgetting’ to Cite Generators of Ideas in Academia and What to Do about It
On the Downsides of Scientific Leadership: Colleague Amnesia’ and ‘Motivated Forgetting’ to Cite Generators of Ideas in Academia and What to Do about It
(On the Downsides of Scientific Leadership: ‘Colleague Amnesia’ and ‘Motivated Forgetting’ to Cite Generators of Ideas in Academia and What to Do about It)
- Author(s):Julia M. Puaschunder
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Adult Education, Higher Education
- Page Range:176-182
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Cheating; Citation; Colleague Amnesia; Followership; Intercultural Dialogue;
- Summary/Abstract:The contemporary scientific discourse and academic promotion hierarchies incentivize leadership. Academic leadership is praised for innovation and groundbreaking insights that advance humankind. Rising stars and leaders-in-the-field in academia are those scientists that tell something new and add to the existing literature a novel finding. The obsession with scientific leadership has its clear merits in promoting innovation and prospering scientific advancements of humankind. This paper, however, debatably introduced the idea that an overall focus on scientific leadership may also crowd out honesty in scientific followership. Obsession with being the first to report fresh ideas may distract from accurate reporting of who initially generated ideas. Scientific innovation bias may lead to willingly neglecting to give proper account of and reference to colleagues’ work. Especially when different disciplinary schools of understanding, language barriers or cultural silos on different continents exist, chances are opening for neglecting a fair reporting of who came up with an idea first. Scientists may use their language skills to soak up ideas in different parts of the world and get inspired by literature from one context, or other culture to transpose the knowledge and introduce it as something new in another research context, school or world without honest giving credit to the actual generator of the idea. This strategy is introduced in this paper as ‘colleague amnesia.’ Colleague amnesia occurs if the actual generator of an idea, effect or trend, who inspired subsequent research, is actively and deliberately ‘forgotten’ to be mentioned or not given fair credit in a reference, citation or acknowledgment in a first-introduction-of-idea publication. ‘Colleague amnesia’ can fuel into a more widespread ‘motivated forgetting’ culture when this behavior is backed by group norms and collective practices of certain scientific fields or research clans. If institutions are knowingly capitalizing on motivated forgetting as a market strategy and institutional designs tolerate and nurture this unethical and inefficient behavior, this turns into ‘research capitalism.’ Lastly, if institutional settings back the ideas reaper for the sake of protecting their community’s overall reputation by the negative destruction of initial ideas generators in order to make victims disappear or weaken their claim of intellectual property, research capitalism turns into ‘research fascism.’ The negative implications of colleague amnesia, motivated forgetting, research capitalism and research fascism to the individual, the scientific collective, institutions but also the larger society are outlined in this paper. Unethical market distortions are not only seen as this kind of implicit light plagiarism. The false crediting of ‘translators’ as innovators and genius leaders-in-the-field breeds dishonesty in academia and discourages honest participants in academia. For the scientific community, colleague amnesia and motivated forgetting imply inefficient replication of ideas and waste of resources and time for discovery. Institutional settings perpetrating cheating individuals discredit all other honest merits and makes institutions vulnerable to being called out. The paper ends with a discussion of potential remedies for colleague amnesia, motivated forgetting, research capitalism and research fascism.
The Dilemma between the Pursuit of Sustainability and the Cultural Heritage of Moroccan Family Businesses: A Contextualization Study
The Dilemma between the Pursuit of Sustainability and the Cultural Heritage of Moroccan Family Businesses: A Contextualization Study
(The Dilemma between the Pursuit of Sustainability and the Cultural Heritage of Moroccan Family Businesses: A Contextualization Study)
- Author(s):Azzeddine Allioui, Badr Habba, Taib Berrada El Azizi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:183-193
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Family governance; sustainability; culture; innovation; family reputation;
- Summary/Abstract:The objective of this research is to explore the relationship between the cultural specificities of governance in the Moroccan context and the sustainability of unlisted Moroccan family businesses in times of crisis. To produce our results, we opted for a qualitative approach based on semi-directive interviews with 20 CEOs of unlisted Moroccan family businesses, 6 of which are large companies, 8 are SMEs, and 6 are VSEs. Our results explain that the search for sustainability by family governance in times of crisis is dependent on three cultural specificities, explicitly: family reputation, religiosity norms, and the logic of strategic imitation. These specificities drive the governance of Moroccan family businesses in terms of internal sustainability, external sustainability, family-enterprise interactions, emotional involvement, risk aversion, and innovation in times of crisis.
Entrepreneurial Orientations and Growth of Moroccan Family Businesses in the Era of Crises
Entrepreneurial Orientations and Growth of Moroccan Family Businesses in the Era of Crises
(Entrepreneurial Orientations and Growth of Moroccan Family Businesses in the Era of Crises)
- Author(s):Azzeddine Allioui
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:194-199
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:family business; family SMEs; large family businesses; strategic orientation;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to propose, in an original way, a first step which is the use of the social capital theory as an integrative theory of the strategic entrepreneurship specificities of Moroccan family firms. Our study covered a sample of 14 unlisted Moroccan family businesses, 8 of which are SMEs, and 6 are large firms, through qualitative research based on semi-directive interviews with the managers of family firms. Our findings explain the background of strategic entrepreneurship orientations for each of the two categories surveyed. Large family-owned companies are oriented towards diversification and strong involvement in social entrepreneurship, benefiting from a history of entrepreneurial dynamics, succession, family size, and degree of familiarism. Meanwhile, family-owned SMEs move toward strategic refocusing based on a history of stability, social network closure, and social norms. This result is original in that it is the first to explain the relationship between social capital, entrepreneurship strategies, and the size of family firms in the Moroccan context.