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Thirty Years Bulgaria in the Council of Europe – Rule of Law, Democracy, Human Rights Cover Image

Тридесет години България в Съвета на Европа – върховенство на правото, демокрация, права на човека
Thirty Years Bulgaria in the Council of Europe – Rule of Law, Democracy, Human Rights

Contributor(s): Veselin Vuchkov (Editor), Katerina Yocheva (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, International relations/trade, Culture and social structure
Published by: Нов български университет
Keywords: Bulgaria; Council of Europe; Membership; Anniversary; Conference Papers
Summary/Abstract: In this collection are included papers from a scientific conference organized by the Law Department of New Bulgarian University, held on April 30, 2022. The conference marked the 30th anniversary of Bulgaria’s membership in this renowned international organization in Europe. The effects of this membership are to be found in the strengthening of issues such as the rule of law, democracy and human rights leading to reforms affecting the overall national legal order.

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-619-233-241-9
  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-619-233-240-2
  • Page Count: 527
  • Publication Year: 2022
  • Language: English, Bulgarian
Приветствие. Национална конференция „Тридесет години България в Съвета на Европа – Върховенство на правото, демокрация, права на човека“ 30 април 2022г. 10.00 часа, НБУ

Приветствие. Национална конференция „Тридесет години България в Съвета на Европа – Върховенство на правото, демокрация, права на човека“ 30 април 2022г. 10.00 часа, НБУ
(Welcome Address)

  • Author(s):Diana Kovacheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Public Administration, Public Law
  • Page Range:11-14
  • No. of Pages:4
Тридесет години от приемането на България в Съвета на Европа. Някои лични спомени и размисли

Тридесет години от приемането на България в Съвета на Европа. Някои лични спомени и размисли
(Thirty Years After the Accession of Bulgaria to the Council of Europe. Some Personal Memories and Considerations)

  • Author(s):Asparoukh Panov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, History of Law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:15-18
  • No. of Pages:4
Спомен за началото и след това… Тридесет години от приемането на България в Съвета на Европа

Спомен за началото и след това… Тридесет години от приемането на България в Съвета на Европа
(A Memory for the Beginning and Afterwards … Thirty Years After the Accession of Bulgaria to the Council of Europe)

  • Author(s):Latchezar Toshev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, History of Law, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:19-29
  • No. of Pages:11
Стандартът абсолютна необходимост при употреба на огнестрелно оръжие, физическа сила и помощни средства от полицейски органи

Стандартът абсолютна необходимост при употреба на огнестрелно оръжие, физическа сила и помощни средства от полицейски органи
(The Standard is Absolutely Necessary When Using Firearms, Physical Force and Aids by Police Powers)

  • Author(s):Veselin Vuchkov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:30-39
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Rights; Police Powers; Police Violence; Victims of Crime
  • Summary/Abstract:This report presents the standard for the exercise of police powers, known as „absolutely necessary when using firearms, physical force and aids by police officers.“ In Bulgarian context emphasis is placed on the implementation of this standard, adopted by the Council of Europe, the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the case law of the Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg. This was achieving through active collaboration between the political and professional leadership of the Ministry of Interior, the Prosecutor’s Office, the non-governmental sector, the Ombudsman. In the context of the post-monitoring dialogue with the Council of Europe the standard was successfully introduced in Bulgaria on July 1, 2012. In a series of reports implementation through a change in the law of the Ministry of Interior was assessing positively by the Council of Europe. The author of the report served as Deputy Minister of the Interior from 2009 to 2013 and led the whole process formalising an agreement the idea of change, conducting the public discussion, leading working groups, drafting a law and defending in the National Assembly.
Някои размисли относно религиозната свобода във връзка с член 9 от ЕКПЧ и римското право

Някои размисли относно религиозната свобода във връзка с член 9 от ЕКПЧ и римското право
(Some Considerations on Religious Freedom in Relation with Article 9 of the ECHR and Roman Law)

  • Author(s):Malina Novkirishka- Stoyanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Theology and Religion, Roman law
  • Page Range:40-65
  • No. of Pages:26
  • Keywords:Religion; Tolerance; Freedom of Religion; Ancient Rome; Polytheism
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses Article 9 of the ECHR in parallel with the Roman legal concepts of religious freedom and tolerance, placed mainly in the pagan period until the establishment of Christianity as the only and obligatory state religion at the end of the IV century. Conclusions have been drawn about the universalism adopted in the ius gentium with regard to the religions of the peoples in Romandominated Mediterranean, Europe, Asia Minor and North Africa.
Списание „Военно-правна мисъл“ (1935–1943 г.) Едно издание от времето, когато индивидуалните човешки права бяха обявени за отживелица

Списание „Военно-правна мисъл“ (1935–1943 г.) Едно издание от времето, когато индивидуалните човешки права бяха обявени за отживелица
(Journal of Military Legal Thought (1935-1943) An Edition from the Time When Individual Human Rights Were Declared Obsolete)

  • Author(s):Nikolay Prodanov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:66-83
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:Coup d ’Etat on May 19; 1934; Military Law; History of Bulgarian Law
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents main characteristics of the magazine „Military Legal Thought“ (1935-1943): circumstances surrounding the creation of the issue; program and goals; composition of the editorial board over the years; quantitative indicators by topics; review of some of the more important publications. The main conclusion is that the edition is syncretic, and this circumstance corresponds to the specific socio-political period.
Проектът на Закон за БНР и БНТ – гаранция за спазване на изискванията на Съвета на Европа за независимост; прозрачност; отчетност и устойчивост на обществените медии в България

Проектът на Закон за БНР и БНТ – гаранция за спазване на изискванията на Съвета на Европа за независимост; прозрачност; отчетност и устойчивост на обществените медии в България
(The Draft Law on BNR and BNT - a Guarantee for Compliance with the Council of Europe Requirements for Independence; Transparency; Accountability and Sustainability of Public Service Media in Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Raina Nikolova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Media studies, Communication studies, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:84-95
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Accountability; Independence; Public Media; Sustainability; Transparency
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents the implementation of the requirements of the Council of Europe for compliance with the principles of independence; transparency; accountability and sustainability of public media; enshrined in the draft Law on Bulgarian National Radio and Bulgarian National Television; drafted by Prof. Habil. Raina Nikolova
Парламентарният дебат по ратифицирането на Конвенцията за защита на правата на човека и основните свободи през 1992 г. в XXXVI-то Народно събрание

Парламентарният дебат по ратифицирането на Конвенцията за защита на правата на човека и основните свободи през 1992 г. в XXXVI-то Народно събрание
(Parliamentary Debate About the Ratification of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms at the XXXVI National Assembly in 1992)

  • Author(s):Ekaterina Mihaylova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:96-107
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms; National Assembly; Ratification; Member of Parliament; Vote
  • Summary/Abstract:The article examines the path and parliamentary debates on the ratification of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in 1992 in the XXXVI National Assembly. Attention is paid to the initial texts submitted to the government bills; the proposals for amendments and supplements made by the members of the National Assembly; as well as the final texts adopted by the parliament. Emphasis was placed on the positions of the political forces represented in the Assembly and the fact that both the ruling party and the opposition are in favour of the adoption of the Convention; which is why the vote is entirely positive for the proposed government laws.
Забраната за дискриминация в практиката на Европейския съд по правата на човека

Забраната за дискриминация в практиката на Европейския съд по правата на човека
(The Prohibition of Discrimination in the Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights)

  • Author(s):Boyka Cherneva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:108-121
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Prohibition of Discrimination; Human Rights; European Court of Human Rights
  • Summary/Abstract:The Protection against discrimination is based on the idea of social justice and aims to guarantee equal access to rights. The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms establishes a general prohibition of discrimination in the exercise of any other right protected by the ECHR (Article 14). Protocol № 12 to the ECHR extends the scope of the prohibition of discrimination to any right established by law. The report examines the different approaches in the Case-law of the European Court of Rights in the application of Article 14 of the ECHR. Depending on the established violation; the protection against discrimination is accessory or independent. The Particular attention is paid to the practice of the ECtHR in cases against Bulgaria.
Административното сътрудничество съгласно Конвенцията за взаимно административно сътрудничество по данъчни въпроси

Административното сътрудничество съгласно Конвенцията за взаимно административно сътрудничество по данъчни въпроси
(Administrative Assistance Under the Convention for Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters)

  • Author(s):Ginka Simeonova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Administrative Law
  • Page Range:122-139
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:Council of Europe; OECD; Tax Avoidance; Mutual Assistance
  • Summary/Abstract:The member states of the Council of Europe and the member states of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) sign the Convention on Mutual Administrative Assistance in Tax Matters in order to prevent the possibility of tax avoidance and evasion in the context of international and free movement of persons; capital; goods and services; which in itself needs an increasing cooperation between the tax authorities of different countries.
Съвременната концепция за лична неприкосновеност в дигиталната среда в правните системи на ЕС и САЩ

Съвременната концепция за лична неприкосновеност в дигиталната среда в правните системи на ЕС и САЩ
(The Modern Concept of Privacy in the Digital Environment in the Legal Systems of the EU and the US)

  • Author(s):Denitsa Topchiyska
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:140-155
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Privacy; Information Privacy; Data Protection; Regulation of Digital Space
  • Summary/Abstract:The report provides a comparative analysis on the scope and limitations of the modern concept of privacy in the digital space in the legal systems of the EU and the United States. The influence of the European Court of Human Rights case law on the formation of the concept of privacy in the EU is emphasized. Attention is focused on the specifics of the perception of privacy and data protection in the legal systems; which affects the approach to regulating the digital space as a whole.
Правото на независим и безпристрастен съд

Правото на независим и безпристрастен съд
(The Right to Independent and Impartial Court)

  • Author(s):Deyana Marcheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Court case
  • Page Range:156-175
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:Independent and Impartial Court; Article 6 ECHR; Human Rights
  • Summary/Abstract:The right to independent and impartial court is the essence of the right to due process under Article 6 ECHR. In the early twentieth century in Bulgaria the judge Anton Kableshkov brings to the fore some timeless truths about the role of independent justice for the protection of individual rights and freedoms and for overcoming the crises in society. Nevertheless; the independency of judiciary continues to be a neuralgic point of Bulgarian constitutional system. This article explores and renders systematic the case of the ECtHR with a view to in-depth consideration of the contemporary standards for independent and impartial court within the protection of human rights. In the course of the analysis; it is concluded that all the advance normative and institutional guarantees are not sufficient on their own and do not remove the need to assess and protect the right to independent and impartial court in each individual case.
Конвенцията за защита на правата на човека и основните свободи в най-новата практика на Конституционния съд на Република България

Конвенцията за защита на правата на човека и основните свободи в най-новата практика на Конституционния съд на Република България
(The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms in the Latest Case-law of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Zornitsa Yordanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:176-199
  • No. of Pages:24
  • Keywords:Human Rights; Constitutional Court; Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
  • Summary/Abstract:In the paper the author analyses the references that the Constitutional court of the Republic of Bulgaria makes in its latest case-law to the European Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms (in the acts of the Court from the year 2020 to this day). The importance of the Convention is emphasized as a standard for the national legislation in the matter of fundamental rights.
Приносът на Съвета на Европа за защитата на правата на националните малцинства

Приносът на Съвета на Европа за защитата на правата на националните малцинства
(The Council of Europe’s Contribution for the Protection of National Minorities)

  • Author(s):Katerina Yocheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:200-209
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Council of Europe; Framework Convention; Protection; National Minorities
  • Summary/Abstract:Under consideration in the article is the legal regulation regarding the protection of national minorities; adopted in the framework of the Council of Europe. The evolution of the drafting of the Framework convention for the protection of national minorities is outlined as well as under consideration is the issue that the framework Convention contains no definition of the notion of „national minority“; with regard to which there was no agreement between the Member States of the Council of Europe.
Защитава ли уредбата на чл. 127а; алинеи 2–4 от Семейния кодекс най-добрия интерес на детето?

Защитава ли уредбата на чл. 127а; алинеи 2–4 от Семейния кодекс най-добрия интерес на детето?
(Does the Regulation of Article 127а; Paragraphs 2-4 of the Family Code Protect the Best Interests of the Child?)

  • Author(s):Mihail Malchev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Law, Court case
  • Page Range:210-225
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Permission for a Child’s Travel Abroad; Absence of Both Parents’ Agreement; Best Interests of the Child; Case-law
  • Summary/Abstract:The review of the case-law on the application of the court proceedings under Art. 127a; para. 2-4 of the Family Code establishes contradictory permits; leading mostly to a slow course of the court proceedings and the lack of predictability of the outcome. In this way; the best interests of the child cannot be guaranteed. In this regard; the Bulgarian case law has been criticized in the case of Penchevi v. Bulgaria (application no. 77818/12; final judgment of 10.5.2015). In view of the identified problems in the application of the legal framework; according to the author; a legislative change in the regulation of court proceedings is required.
Наказателноправни аспекти на противодействието на тероризма в актовете на Съвета на Европа

Наказателноправни аспекти на противодействието на тероризма в актовете на Съвета на Европа
(Criminal Aspects of Counter-Terrorism in the Acts of the Council of Europe)

  • Author(s):Ralitsa Kostadinova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law
  • Page Range:226-231
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Council of Europe; Terrorism; Bulgarian Criminal Law
  • Summary/Abstract:The report makes an overview of the acts of the Council of Europe; which influence the criminal legislation of the member states. As the Republic of Bulgaria is a member of the Council of Europe since 1992; it is important to clarify the system of legal instruments for combatting terrorism in order to understand the national criminal law prevention of terrorism; on one hand; and as the primary source of the current model of counter terrorism in the European Union.
Съответствие на българското законодателство със стандартите за защита на правата на човека; зададени от Съвета на Европа след 30 години членство

Съответствие на българското законодателство със стандартите за защита на правата на човека; зададени от Съвета на Европа след 30 години членство
(Compliance of Bulgarian Legislation with the Human Rights Protection Standards Set by the Council of Europe after 30 Years of Membership)

  • Author(s):Tony Dimov, Keti Bozukova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, International Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:232-247
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Human rights protection standards; compliance check; regulatory reform; rule-making process; national legislation
  • Summary/Abstract:The report makes an overview of the acts of the Council of Europe; which influence the criminal legislation of the member states. As the Republic of Bulgaria is a member of the Council of Europe since 1992; it is important to clarify the system of legal instruments for combatting terrorism in order to understand the national criminal law prevention of terrorism; on one hand; and as the primary source of the current model of counter terrorism in the European Union.How has the 30-year membership of our country in the Council of Europe affected the Bulgarian rule-making process? Has our national legislation become more compliant with the human rights protection standards set by the Council of Europe after 5 and a half years of regulatory reform? What does the preliminary compliance check of our draft laws with the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights mean and does it have a ground in our country? These are some of the questions this report seeks to answer.
Динамика в развитието на отношенията между Съвета на Европа и Европейския съюз

Динамика в развитието на отношенията между Съвета на Европа и Европейския съюз
(Dynamics in the Development of Relations Between the Council of Europe and the European Union)

  • Author(s):Veronika Stoilova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:248-259
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Council of Europe; European Union; Democracy; Human Rights; Rule of Law
  • Summary/Abstract:As one of the engines for the development of the civilization; Europe has always been characterized by the joint efforts of the continents countries to achieve greater unity in the region; while respecting the shared core values of pluralistic democracy; human rights and the rule of law. The Council of Europe and the European Union - two independent international organizations with different but complementary roles - share these core values. In the context of the common desire to achieve unity in the realization of the ideals of a common democratic heritage; the dynamics in the relations between the Council of Europe and the European Union in the field of bilateral political dialogue and legal cooperation are increasingly emerging.
Правата на непълнолетните извършители в актовете на Съвета на Европа и възстановителното правосъдие

Правата на непълнолетните извършители в актовете на Съвета на Европа и възстановителното правосъдие
(The Rights of Juvenile Offenders in the Acts of the Council of Europe and Restorative Justice)

  • Author(s):Gergana Andonova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:260-269
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Juveniles; Council of Europe; Restorative Justice
  • Summary/Abstract:Juvenile offenders do not lose and should not lose their right to be treated as children. It is no coincidence that a wide range of their rights are enshrined in acts of the Council of Europe. Punishment is not always the best approach to rehabilitating young offenders and reintegrating them into society. In many cases; it is appropriate and necessary to implement alternative measures that are not in conflict; but more fully guarantee the rights of juvenile offenders; such as restorative justice.
Електронна товарителница – цифрова революция при договора за превоз

Електронна товарителница – цифрова революция при договора за превоз
(“Electronic CMR” - Digital Revolution by the Contract of Carriage)

  • Author(s):Desimira Yurukova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Commercial Law, Transport / Logistics
  • Page Range:270-279
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Contract of Carriage; Road Freight Transport; CMR; e-CMR
  • Summary/Abstract:The road freight transport takes a leading place in the constantly digitalizing world. The contract of carriage is regulated by the Convention on the Contract of Carriage in Road Freight Transport (CMR Convention). The Convention settles the CMR like a basic transport document. In 2008; an Additional Protocol was adopted; which allows the use of an electronic consignment note. The aim of this paper is to analyze the terms - CMR and e-CMR; to make a comparison between them and to analyse the use in practice in the transport law. It will be explored what are the advantages and disadvantages by using of the e-CMR; and in which Member States of the European Union it is already applicable.
Банка за развитие на Съвета на Европа

Банка за развитие на Съвета на Европа
(The Council of Europe Development Bank)

  • Author(s):Dimitar Stoyanov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:280-295
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Council of Europe Development Bank; Council of Europe; Social Politics; Banking Activity
  • Summary/Abstract:The present article discusses The Council of Europe Development bank and its function to provide financing on projects aimed at promoting the social and economic situation of various groups of people; in particular migrants and displaced persons. It is pointed out that the bank has been established in order to provide assistance to the homeless and unemployed because of World War II. The article also traces the shift in functions during the 70s and the 80s and its current activity. Nowadays the bank lends money for projects aimed at preserving the environment. Moreover; the article also puts the bank governance to critical discussion.
Злоупотребата с господстващо положение съгласно член 102 ДФЕС и ролята на свободата на избор

Злоупотребата с господстващо положение съгласно член 102 ДФЕС и ролята на свободата на избор
(Abuse of Dominance under Article 102 TFEU and the Role of Freedom of Choice)

  • Author(s):Emilia P. Dimitrova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, International relations/trade
  • Page Range:296-309
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Abuse of a Dominant Position; Freedom of Choice; Ordoliberalism; Competition as an Institution
  • Summary/Abstract:An enduring feature of EU competition law is the understanding of the competition as a process resulting from the exercise of freedom of choice by market actors. The present research examines what this freedom involves and establishes its role in creating the concept of abuse of a dominant position. It is concluded that this concept is based on ordoliberal thoughts of the Austrian School of Economics.
Демокрация и правова държава в България: приносът на механизмите за политическо сътрудничество на Съвета на Европа

Демокрация и правова държава в България: приносът на механизмите за политическо сътрудничество на Съвета на Европа
(Democracy and Rule of Law in Bulgaria: The Role of the Council of Europe Political Cooperation Tools)

  • Author(s):Katya Hristova-Valtcheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:310-321
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Democracy; Rule of Law; Monitoring; Council of Europe; Bulgaria
  • Summary/Abstract:The liberal understanding of the rule of law emphasizes the ability of a political regime to guarantee the equal competition of freedoms in the context of the philosophical model of universal human rights. The present article examines the extent to which the various dimensions of political co-operation in the Council of Europe; in particular those aimed at supporting the rule of law; contribute to the consolidation of Bulgaria‘s new democratic system in the perspective of the 30th anniversary of its membership.
Наказателната конвенция относно корупцията на Съвета на Европа и значението ѝ за наказателната политика на Република България

Наказателната конвенция относно корупцията на Съвета на Европа и значението ѝ за наказателната политика на Република България
(The Criminal Law Convention on Corruption of the Council of Europe and its Importance for the Criminal Policy of the Republic of Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Mariya Mihaylova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law
  • Page Range:322-333
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:The Criminal Law Convention on Corruption of the Council of Europe; Bulgarian Criminal Law; Bribery in the Private Sector
  • Summary/Abstract:The Criminal Law Convention on Corruption of the Council of Europe (in force since 2002) plays an important role in shaping the country‘s penal policy in the field of anti-corruption. The very criminalization of bribery in the private sector in Bulgarian criminal law is caused by and the result of the implementation of the commitments of our state under this convention.
Особености на колективните и комплексни съдебни експертизи и приложението им в наказателния процес

Особености на колективните и комплексни съдебни експертизи и приложението им в наказателния процес
(Peculiarities of Collective and Complex Judicial Examinations and Their Application in Criminal Procedure)

  • Author(s):Nevena Ruseva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Philosophy of Law
  • Page Range:334-345
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Forensic Examination; Expertise; Investigation; Criminal Proceedings; Special Knowledge
  • Summary/Abstract:The exhibition examines the hypotheses under which for the needs of criminal proceedings it is necessary to appoint special categories of forensic examinations - those performed by specialists with in-depth knowledge in various fields of science - complex examinations; or performed by more than one specialist - in collective forensic expertise.The exhibition examines the hypotheses under which for the needs of criminal proceedings it is necessary to appoint special categories of forensic examinations - those performed by specialists with in-depth knowledge in various fields of science - complex examinations; or performed by more than one specialist - in collective forensic expertise.
Предизвикателството професионално прегаряне (бърнаут) теоретични аспекти и практически решения

Предизвикателството професионално прегаряне (бърнаут) теоретични аспекти и практически решения
(The Professional Burnout Challenge: Theoretical Aspects and Practical Solutions)

  • Author(s):Olga Chorbadzhiyska
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Psychology, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Individual Psychology, Personality Psychology, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:346-353
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Organization; Professional; Burnout; Prevention
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper presents the possibilities for analysis and prevention of the challenge of burnout in modern organizations; as dynamic and complex systems that should adequately respond to changing environmental conditions. The various definitions and interpretations of the phenomenon in the work environment are considered. The interconnection between professional burnout and work from distance in an electronic environment also stands out.
Извънредното положение като средство за управление на кризи

Извънредното положение като средство за управление на кризи
(The State of Emergency as a Tool for Crisis Management)

  • Author(s):Rada Smedovska-Toneva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Security and defense, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:354-367
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Etat d ’urgence; Emergency Powers; Extraordinary Regime; State of Emergency; State of Sanitary Emergency
  • Summary/Abstract:At first glance the state of emergency is an attractive instrument for dealing with different kind of crisis. It gives to the executive power extraordinary prerogatives in order to manage with and control a concrete extreme situation. It seems like emergency and crisis are used as synonyms; which makes the suspension of a state of emergency a difficult task. In this context; the text examines in a comparative perspective that very state of emergency; its practical implementation and the appearance of new notions related to the sanitary emergency. Is it possible to talk about it as an effective instrument of managing social crisis and public fear and what are the consequences?
Относно промяна на привременни мерки; постановени в производствата по развод по исков ред и при спор относно родителски права

Относно промяна на привременни мерки; постановени в производствата по развод по исков ред и при спор относно родителски права
(About the Change of Interim Measures; Decreed in Divorce of Lawsuit and in a Dispute About the Regarding Parental Rights)

  • Author(s):Suzana Rangelova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Court case
  • Page Range:368-379
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Interim Measures; Parental Rights; Divorce; Court Proceedings; Case-Law
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of enacting interim measures in the respect of children; that are decreed in a matrimonial process or by dispute between the parents over the exercise of parental rights; the regime of personal relations and maintenance (Article 127; paragraph 3 of the Family Law) is to provide and guarantee the protection of the interests of the child during the period of time; in which the court proceedings are pending. The purpose of this report is to make a short analysis of the change in the interim measures in the respect of children; which are decreed in the proceedings: - on divorce by lawsuit; according to the provision of art. 49 of the Family Law; - in a dispute regarding parental rights; according to the provision of Art. 127; para. 2 of the Family Law;
Защита на правото на свобода на мисълта; съвестта и религията чрез наказателноправни средства

Защита на правото на свобода на мисълта; съвестта и религията чрез наказателноправни средства
(Protecting the Right to Freedom of Thought; Conscience and Religion by Criminal Law Means)

  • Author(s):Tsvetana Petrova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Criminal Law, Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:380-395
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Criminal Law; Religious Freedoms; Hate Crimes; Equality
  • Summary/Abstract:The report reveals essential features of the right to freedom of thought; conscience and religion; according to its regulation in Art. 9 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the practice of the ЕCHR. It presents the criteria by which a restriction of this right shall be considered justified. A retrospect of those norms of the Bulgarian penal laws - from the First Bulgarian Penal Law (1896) to the entry into force of the current Penal Code - which regulate crimes against faith and beliefs is made. The crimes against the religious groups and denominations and some other relevant crimes are analysed; the trend in their future development also is outlined.
Въпроси на претърсването и изземването в практиката на Европейския съд по правата на човека по дела срещу Република България

Въпроси на претърсването и изземването в практиката на Европейския съд по правата на човека по дела срещу Република България
(Issues of Search and Seizure in the Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights in Cases against the Republic of Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Yanko Roychev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:396-405
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:European Court of Human Rights; Criminal Cases; Search; Seizure; Judicial Control Over Coercive Means of Proof
  • Summary/Abstract:The current research examines the case law of the European Court of Human Rights; containing rulings on issues related to search and seizure in cases against the Republic of Bulgaria. Relevant normative regulations are reviewed; which have not been adhered to in the respective cases. They are connected with the conduct of searches and seizures in cases of urgency; and with the preliminary and subsequent judicial control over these investigative actions. It has been found that the established violations are not a consequence of imperfections in the legislation; but of omissions and flaws in law enforcement.
Дилемата национална сигурност и права на човека – европейски и национални аспекти в контекста на перспективите пред Съвета на Европа

Дилемата национална сигурност и права на човека – европейски и национални аспекти в контекста на перспективите пред Съвета на Европа
(The National Security and Human Rights Dilemma - European and National Aspects in the Context of the Council of Europe’s Perspectives)

  • Author(s):Georgi Krastev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:406-415
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Geopolitics; Democracy; International Humanitarian Law; Security; Minorities; Special Intelligence Means; Civil Rights
  • Summary/Abstract:The Council of Europe (CoE) is the first international organization established after the Second World War; with the main goal of eliminating all the causes and preconditions for the next military conflict. At its core; the CoE is a denial of geopolitics as a form of international relations in which the strength of states‘ positions depends on their military-political power. The attack of the Russian Federation on Ukraine and the actions of the CoE caused by the changed geopolitical environment raised the question about the role of the organization in upholding the principles of modern international law. Along with the rejection of geopolitics; the CoE has; since its inception; made the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms a priority. One of the areas of control by the CoE is the application of special intelligence tools; the application of which is assessed by lawyers; human rights defenders and security professionals as particularly sensitive to citizens. From the point of view of the correlation between security and rights of citizens; the topic of the CoE’s influence is relevant; mainly through the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights; on the actions of state bodies for security and law and citizens’ rights.
За правото на труд като част от фундаменталното право на достойнство

За правото на труд като част от фундаменталното право на достойнство
(About the Right to Work as Part of the Fundamental Right to Dignity)

  • Author(s):Maria Dimitrova Chochova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence
  • Page Range:416-425
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Right to Work; Right to Dignity
  • Summary/Abstract:The exhibition considers the right to work as a fundamental human right and as a natural continuation of the right to dignity - in the context of international law and the national law of the Republic of Bulgaria. Some possibilities for justified restriction of the exercise of the right to work for a legitimate purpose are also analysed. In the context of the research topic; a review of part of the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union has been made.
Правото на изразяване на мнение и гарантиране авторитета и безпристрастността на правосъдието в практика на Европейския съд по правата на човека в контекста на делото Мирослава Тодорова срещу България № 40072/13 от 19 октомври 2021 г.

Правото на изразяване на мнение и гарантиране авторитета и безпристрастността на правосъдието в практика на Европейския съд по правата на човека в контекста на делото Мирослава Тодорова срещу България № 40072/13 от 19 октомври 2021 г.
(Freedom of Expression and Maintaining the Authority and Impartiality of the Judiciary in the Practice of the European Court of Human Rights in the Context of the Case of Miroslava Todorova v. Bulgaria № 40072/13 of 19 October 2021)

  • Author(s):Simona Veleva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:426-439
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Freedom of Expression; Impartiality of the Judiciary; Chilling Effect
  • Summary/Abstract:The report examines the right to freedom of expression and one of the most specific and controversial boundaries set out in Art. 10; par. 2 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) - maintaining the authority and impartiality of the judiciary. The report includes a critical analysis and an overview of the most important decisions of the European Court of Human Rights; which set the standard for balance in assessing these two competing values. Special attention is paid to the latest practice of the European Court of Human Rights on this issue with a focus on the judgment of Miroslava Todorova v. Bulgaria № 40072/13 of 19 October 2021.
Европейският съд за правата на човека като източник на идеи за развитие на защитата на правата на човека в българската нормативна уредба

Европейският съд за правата на човека като източник на идеи за развитие на защитата на правата на човека в българската нормативна уредба
(The role of the European Court of Human Rights as a Developer of Bulgarian Human Rights Law)

  • Author(s):Tsvetomir Panchev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:440-451
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:European Court of Human Rights; Criminal Proceedings; Investigation
  • Summary/Abstract:This study examines the role of the European Court of Human Rights as a developer of Bulgarian human rights law incl. legislation of criminal substantive and procedural law. The author indicates some specific cases of disagreement between the court instructions and the normative changes in Bulgarian criminal proceedings. Problematic areas in the Bulgarian legislation related to the protection of fundamental human rights from the European Convention on Human Rights have been identified.
Правосубектността на физическите лица през погледа на дигиталните технологии

Правосубектността на физическите лица през погледа на дигиталните технологии
(The Legal Personality of the Individuals Through the Eyes of the Digital Technologies)

  • Author(s):Daniel Delchev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Administrative Law
  • Page Range:452-463
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Legal Personality; Personal Data; Digital Technologies; Individuals; Digitalization
  • Summary/Abstract:The legal personality of the individuals is one of the basic legal concepts that provides the basis for each of the branches of law; both in the past and in the present. With the technological rise and both the development of digital technologies and the daily dynamics of legal relations; the concept of „legal personality“ has not only not lost its significance; but on the contrary; gained a meaning in a completely new and expanded context. The legal personality of individuals has managed to enrich its meaning; refracted through the prism of the modern and the new; expanding its interpretation to include the modern definition of „personal data“ as a mean for the legal individualization of the individuals. This publication aims to examine the concept of the legal personality of the individuals and its main characteristics; while presenting the contemporary view on the context of the same; including personal data as a mean of legal individualization; the protection of these data and the role of the digital technologies in all these processes.
Установяване на произход на дете при асистирана репродукция

Установяване на произход на дете при асистирана репродукция
(Establishing the Identity of a Child in Assisted Reproduction)

  • Author(s):Angelina Bogdanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Law, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, Health and medicine and law, Family and social welfare
  • Page Range:464-471
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Identity; Mother; Father; Assisted Reproduction
  • Summary/Abstract:The method of assisted reproduction can be applied when the medical condition of the man or the woman prevents them from carrying out their reproductive functions in a natural way. In this case; the woman who gave birth to the child is considered to be the mother. A problem arises with the establishment of the identity of the father. The methods for еstablishing the identity; which can be applied; are different depending on the marital status of the partners – whether they are married or not. The law allows reproductive partnership between people who are not spouses.
Права на лицата с психически увреждания. Съдебната практиката на Европейския съд по правата на човека промени ли българското законодателство?

Права на лицата с психически увреждания. Съдебната практиката на Европейския съд по правата на човека промени ли българското законодателство?
(Rights of Persons with Mental Disabilities. Whether the Case-law of the European Court of Human Rights has Changed the Bulgarian Legislation?)

  • Author(s):Iliana Boyuklieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:472-485
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Human Rights; Persons with Mental Disabilities; Case-law; Bulgarian Legislation
  • Summary/Abstract:The European Convention on Human Rights provides the basis of the Council of Europe for the protection of human rights for all, including the rights of persons with mental disabilities. Moreover, the European Court of Human Rights has enshrined these rights in its case law urging member states to make legislative changes to protect the human rights of these individuals. However, Bulgarian legislation has not yet been updated and synchronized with supranational norms about persons with mental disabilities. National Legal reform is needed to guarantee human rights for persons with mental disabilities.
Търговски марки – същност; видове. Право на собственост на физическо лице при сключен граждански брак

Търговски марки – същност; видове. Право на собственост на физическо лице при сключен граждански брак
(Trademarks - Essence, Types. Right of Ownership of an Individual in Case of Civil Marriage)

  • Author(s):Milena Dimova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Law
  • Page Range:486-499
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Trademark; Legislation; Intellectual Property; Ownership; Personal Own
  • Summary/Abstract:Intellectual property is an amazing product of the human mind and the increasing need to be protected is one of the first duties of every manager. Protection is based on good knowledge of legislation and good coordination between different kinds of trademarks and individual signs. The best trademark is this one, which can connect one company with an exact trademark just with one look. Humans’ memory is astonishing how can make a connection deeply in the human mind with graphic images or sounds or other individual signs, which are called trademarks or business cards of your business.
Свободата на словото и паметниците на тоталитарния режим в България в контекста на решението на Европейския съд по правата на човека по делото „Генов и Сърбинска срещу България“

Свободата на словото и паметниците на тоталитарния режим в България в контекста на решението на Европейския съд по правата на човека по делото „Генов и Сърбинска срещу България“
(Freedom of Speech and the Monuments of the Totalitarian Regime in Bulgaria in the Context of the ECHR Ruling „Genov and Sarbinska Against Bulgaria“)

  • Author(s):Peter Slavov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:500-509
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Genov vs. Bulgaria; ECHR; Totalitarian Monuments
  • Summary/Abstract:The ruling of the ECHR against Bulgaria on the case „Genov and Sarbinska vs. Bulgaria“, which acknowledged as unlawful the detention and the Court decision of the Bulgarian courts against the civil activist, call for a different approach to the monuments, remnants of the totalitarian regime in Bulgaria. Because the actual „crime“ Mr. Genov was accused of was precisely this - to have written a message and painted such a monument, situated next to the entrance of the Headquarters of the Bulgarian Socialist party, thus expressing his protest against the behaviour of the Bulgarian Government at the time. The acknowledgement by the ECHR as „admissible“ the expression of civil statements in such a way, there comes the question of the consequences for the other such monuments, still standing in public places across Bulgaria, and whether it is proper, government and municipalities to spend the taxpayers’ money on „protecting“ these from such colouring, or should they be moved to the Museum of totalitarian art.
Законодателни промени в Закона за изпълнение на наказанията и задържането под стража, в изпълнение на осъдителните решения на Европейския съд по правата на човека по група дела "Кехайов срещу България" и пилотното решение "Нешков срещу Българи

Законодателни промени в Закона за изпълнение на наказанията и задържането под стража, в изпълнение на осъдителните решения на Европейския съд по правата на човека по група дела "Кехайов срещу България" и пилотното решение "Нешков срещу Българи
(Legislative Changes in the Law on Execution of Sentences and Detention (LESD) in the Implementation of Reprehensible Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights)

  • Author(s):Milena Gencheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law
  • Page Range:510-522
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Reprehensible Decisions; Life Sentence; Regime
  • Summary/Abstract:asdIn the implementation of European Court of Human Rights decisions of the group „Kehayov against Bulgaria“ and pilot decision „Neshkov against Bulgaria“ in 2017 were accepted legislative changes in the LESD regarding the execution of sentences in conditions of special regime, appeal of individual administrative acts of the General Director of General Directorate „Execution of Sentences“ and the Heads of territorial units, as well as establishment of effective means of defence against tortures, inhuman or degrading treatment.
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