İletişim Bilimlerinde Son Yaklaşımlar
The Latest Approaches in Communication Sciences
Contributor(s): Ulaş Başar Gezgin (Editor)
Subject(s): Media studies, Aesthetics, Communication studies, Sociology, Existentialism, Theory of Communication, Film / Cinema / Cinematography, Marketing / Advertising, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Sociology of Art
Published by: Özgür Yayın Dağıtım Ltd. Şti.
Keywords: Sociology of Communication; artificial intelligence; podcast; brands placements in films; big data;
Summary/Abstract: In this book, our title is "The Latest Approaches in Communication Sciences". In the first part, the sociological origins of communication studies are revealed. The second part is a theoretical study: The thoughts of Tocqueville, Putnam and Bourdieu are examined. The third chapter focuses on a fairly new topic, artistic artificial intelligence. The fourth episode reveals the podcast panorama of Turkey. In the fifth section, we turn to cinemas and focus on brand placements. In the sixth chapter, mythology in marketing is discussed. The seventh chapter is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of a film. In the eighth chapter, the topic of hactivism is covered. With the ninth chapter, we move on to studies in English. This section examines the Coca-Cola case study. The topic of chapter 10 is organic markets. Chapter 11 deals with the surveillance society and Chapter 12 covers big data.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-975-447-643-9
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-975-447-643-9
- Page Count: 298
- Publication Year: 2023
- Language: Turkish, English
İletişim Araştırmalarının Sosyolojik Kökenleri
İletişim Araştırmalarının Sosyolojik Kökenleri
(Sociological Origins of Communication Research)
- Author(s):Çilem Tuğba Koç
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies, Sociology, Theory of Communication
- Page Range:1-21
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Communication Studies; Communication Research; Sociological Origins;
- Summary/Abstract:Contrary to popular belief, the development of social theory is not a series of hollow-plate hypotheses that have nothing to do with reality. Social theories, on the other hand, are a collection of perspectives that, from the very beginning, address the social reality that has been experienced, provide for the purpose of understanding and explaining social phenomena, and occasionally support one another. Social phenomena such urbanization, mass society, consumerism, alienation, and discrimination are concepts that clarify the social reality in which we live rather than hollow abstractions. As a consequence, contrary common belief, social theories that attempt to make sense of social reality through these concepts are not just hollow ideas. After the Industrial Revolution, sociology developed as a component of modernization, even being referred to as the "science of modernity (new)," and addressed the society in which the masses/crowd existed. Individuals/crowds relocated to cities as a result of industrialization are considered to form a mass in an isolated manner, similar to how atom components create mass. Developments in communication tools have turned the head of the modern man unprecedentedly, the assumption that these technologies are efficient in influencing the masses prepared the birth of Mass Communication Research as a distinct discipline. Instead of presenting a narrative of fragmented Communication Theories to models by decomposing from Sociology, this article aims to reestablish the association among Communication Research and Sociology. The study, encompassed the Chicago School's approaches to the notion of communication and communication tools, which permitted the establishment of Sociology as a discipline, and it also included the Chicago School's Communication research. In addition, the article featured the Communication Research of the Chicago School Sociologists, who were mentioned in the mass media research with this period, as the period under study was also called the period of strong effects in the history of Communication Studies.
Medya, Habercilik Alanı ve Sosyal Sermaye İlişkisi: Tocqueville, Putnam ve Bourdieu Bağlamında Kuramsal Bir İnceleme
Medya, Habercilik Alanı ve Sosyal Sermaye İlişkisi: Tocqueville, Putnam ve Bourdieu Bağlamında Kuramsal Bir İnceleme
(Media, Journalism Field and Social Capital Relationship: A Theoretical Analysis in the Context of Tocqueville, Putnam and Bourdieu)
- Author(s):Ahmet Biçer, Mustafa Koçer
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Media studies, Communication studies, Sociology, Politics and communication, Theory of Communication
- Page Range:23-41
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Media; Journalism Field; Social Capital Relationship;
- Summary/Abstract:Media and the field of journalism are dynamically interconnected with other social structures and actors from a sociological perspective. It is possible to address this relationship at the macro or micro levels from the perspective of the social capital approach. Social capital has social implications as potential resources embedded within actors' communication networks, serving as a cohesive element that holds society together, such as individual trust levels. Regardless of the perspective from which it is taken, the social capital approach has a direct and reciprocal relationship with the fields of communication, media and journalism. Important theorists examine these relationships. The study aims to reveal the connection points between the field of media and journalism and the social capital approach on the axis of the evaluations of Tocqueville, Putnam and Bourdieu. Firstly, the topic is approached in the context of Tocqueville's evaluations on the relationship between civil society and the press in his work 'Democracy in America'. Then, Robert Putnam's perspective in line with the work of communication theorist George Gerbner, especially in the context of television viewership and its effects on social capital, was analyzed. Thirdly, an association was made between Pierre Bourdieu's idea of 'journalism and the media field' and his unique capital approach. The following conclusions were reached within the framework of the views of the three theorists: 1) The media can contribute to social capital by enabling civil and political components of society to dialog. 2) Media and journalism production practices affect social capital to the extent of their determining influence on people's perceptions. 3) The fact that media viewing is one of the most important leisure time activities leads to changes in civic and political participation. 4) Actors/perpetrators working in the media benefit from their social capital in their productive activities in the field. 5) Journalist actors/perpetrators perceive social capital within their own sociality and their journalistic perceptions and practices are shaped accordingly.
Sosyolojik Bir İnceleme: Sanatta Yaratıcılığın Yok Olması, ‘Yapay Zekâ ile Duygusuz Sanat
Sosyolojik Bir İnceleme: Sanatta Yaratıcılığın Yok Olması, ‘Yapay Zekâ ile Duygusuz Sanat
(A Sociological Study: The Disappearance of Creativity in Art, ‘Unemotional Art with Artificial Intelligence’)
- Author(s):Nuran Oze, Hasan Yurdbekler
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Sociology, Social Informatics, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Sociology of Art
- Page Range:43-69
- No. of Pages:27
- Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; art; creativity; Sociological Study;
- Summary/Abstract:Art is the event of willingly and consciously transferring an emotion that manifests in humans. Considering that with art raises and exalts the human soul; art is related to human inspiration and creativity. As a result of the changing social structures with the modernization process, mass culture influenced art. In this study, it is thought that art, which has a unique structure, does not fit into a utilitarian pattern in its essence, however, it transforms into a kind of good with the spread of mass culture, and with that, the creativity of art in a utilitarian identity has deeply affected. Artificial intelligence, which enters all areas of life and affects human life, has begun to manifest itself in many areas requiring emotion, including the art field. The art is associated with emotion, however, the commodification of the concepts of inspiration and creativity together with modernization on the basis of popular culture has deepened and has changed dimensions with the presence of artificial intelligence in the field of art. In art, which is the expression of human emotion, it is thought that artificial intelligence is a kind of replication, not inspiration, to attempt to perform art through software installed to itself away from emotion and creativity. The study sought to answer the question of whether art can be performed emotionally with the development of technology based on the literature reviews. As a result, it is thought that high art, which has lost much of its essence with mass culture, will negatively affect art, artistic production, and the artist in the near future with the existence of artificial intelligence enabling and attempting to perform art. Without emotion, the meaning of art will lose, rather than change.
Türkiye’nin Podcast Haritası: En Çok Dinlenen Podcast Yayınları Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
Türkiye’nin Podcast Haritası: En Çok Dinlenen Podcast Yayınları Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme
(Podcast Map of Turkey: An Evaluation of the Most Listened Podcasts)
- Author(s):Esra Vona Kurt
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Media studies, Communication studies, Sociology
- Page Range:71-98
- No. of Pages:28
- Keywords:Turkey; podcasts; media; internet;
- Summary/Abstract:Podcasting has become a popular form of media with the widespread use of the internet and mobile devices. Due to the freedom of people to listen to podcasts anytime, anywhere and their wide range of topics, podcasting is rapidly expanding around the world. In Turkey, the number of podcast listeners has been increasing in recent years and podcasting has been developing rapidly. However, compared to other countries in the world, it has not yet reached the expected level. This situation is also reflected in academia and there is a limited number of academic research on the podcast world. This study, which aims to close this academic gap and create a basis for more comprehensive research on podcasting in Turkey, aims to analyze the current state of podcasting, the problems in this field and to make a prediction about its future potential. This study is conducted within the framework of the question of how the structure of the podcast environment in Turkey can be systematically defined and the characteristics of podcasting in Turkey are revealed by evaluating the type, purpose, content, duration and subject matter of the podcasts that reach the highest number of listeners. Using quantitative content analysis method, the study analyzes the podcasts listed in the TOP 100 on Apple Podcasts and Podtail, a podcast platform. According to the findings of the research, it was concluded that podcasts in Turkey have a rich variety of topics, and that the most preferred content by users consists of programs with informative functions. This result shows that podcasting has an important potential in supporting education and training processes.
Sinema Filmlerine Yerleştirilen Markaların Farkındalığı: Yerel ve Yerel Olmayan Markalar Özelinde Bir İnceleme
Sinema Filmlerine Yerleştirilen Markaların Farkındalığı: Yerel ve Yerel Olmayan Markalar Özelinde Bir İnceleme
(Awareness of Brands Placed in Movies: A Special Review of Local and Non-Local Brands)
- Author(s):Derya Altintaş, Hüseyin Sabri Kurtuldu
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Media studies, Communication studies, Film / Cinema / Cinematography, Marketing / Advertising
- Page Range:99-131
- No. of Pages:33
- Keywords:Movies; brands; marketing; communication;
- Summary/Abstract:As of their release dates, it can be said that movies have a remarkable impact on audiences with their shared stories, the places where their stories take place, who their actors are and their music. For brands that want to sustain their communication with their customers and thus achieve competitive advantage, product placement applications are very popular in movies where both visual and audial communication processes are used together. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to examine product placements in motion pictures within the framework of recall and recognition of local and non-local brands. In this direction, a survey was applied with the willing participants of 528 viewers of the movie Oflu Hoca'nın Şifresi 2, in Trabzon province. In the study, it was seen that product placements were applied for both local and non-local brands in the local movie Oflu Hoca'nın Şifresi 2, which takes place in Trabzon destination. The results of the t-tests run for each brand and for the combined local and non-local categories of these brands, which were placed in the movie watched by the sample, were seen to support each other. According to the results of the research, it is seen that the recall and recognition levels of the local branded products are quite high. These results are expected to contribute to the future researches to be conducted by considering product placement practices within the framework of marketing communication in terms of awareness of local and non-local brands. In addition, several strategies for businesses, marketing practitioners, advertising and media agencies in the communication sector are also presented in the study.
Sosyal Medya Pazarlama İletişiminde Mitolojinin Gücü: Tek Boynuzlu At, Starbucks ve Viralleşen #UnicornFrappuccino Kampanyası
Sosyal Medya Pazarlama İletişiminde Mitolojinin Gücü: Tek Boynuzlu At, Starbucks ve Viralleşen #UnicornFrappuccino Kampanyası
(The Power of Mythology in Social Media Marketing Communication: Unicorn, Starbucks and the Viral #UnicornFrappuccino Campaign)
- Author(s):Bengü Başbuğ
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Media studies, Communication studies, Marketing / Advertising
- Page Range:133-155
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:digital communication; social media; marketing; UnicornFrappuccino campaign;
- Summary/Abstract:The one-horned horse or “unicorn” refers to a legendary creature in mythology with different depictions which is an oustanding figure in popular culture today. The unicorn is a fascinating being that becomes the subject of fairy tales, novels, films and paintings. Its attractive power, has also been noticed by brands inspiring the global marketing world. In general, the unicorn reflects a kitsch aesthetic which is usually composed of pastel and rainbow colors and a cute motif accompanied by glittering elements that can be adapted to all kinds of products and product campaigns in the context of design. The unicorn-themed concept, which has been used by many brands for commercial purposes, has turned into a remarkable trend that attracts attention in social media, especially since 2017. This research aims to reveal why the unicorn motif from mythology is adopted by brands and how it is used in the context of digital communication in social media marketing. In terms of embodying the unicorn concept in the research, Starbucks’ #UnicornFrappuccino campaign, which reached a viral dimension and became a successful product in the “unicorn food” category, will be examined in the context of its social media marketing communication strategy. As a result of this research, it will be shown that brands can achieve extremely positive results in digital marketing if they integrate eye-catching mythological motifs such as the unicorn with a product and present it to the target audience with an effective digital communication strategy.
Yol Kenarı: Kafkaesk Bir Sinema
Yol Kenarı: Kafkaesk Bir Sinema
(Sideway: A Kafkaesque Cinema)
- Author(s):Yavuz Akyıldız
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Aesthetics, Existentialism, Film / Cinema / Cinematography
- Page Range:157-202
- No. of Pages:46
- Keywords:Cinema; cinematography; Kafkaesque Cinema; existentialism; aesthetics;
- Summary/Abstract:Tayfun Pirselimoğlu is considered one of the important auteurs of Turkish Cinema. Representing our cinema successfully in the international arena, the director has won many awards at prestigious international and national festivals, including the best film, the best director, and the best cinematographer. Our director, who produces story books, novels and painting works along with movies, establishes a strong structure between the arts he performs as an integrated artist, and philosophy and literature. This artistic structuring, which started especially with the movie Rıza (2006), reached a very competent and strong mastery stage in terms of cinematic art with the films Haze (2009), Hair (2010), I am not Him (2013), Sideways (2017) and Kerr (2022). Although Pirselimoğlu's cinema undergoes periodic changes in terms of aesthetics and thought, it has important common codes. He depicts themes such as isolation, oppression, the dark sides of human nature, ideological elements, bureaucracy, murder, obsession, existential anxiety, the absurd situation of human beings, alienation, crime, and human being as a mortal creature, through images in almost all of his films. These themes in Pirselimoğlu's cinema are the themes fed by the philosophy of existentialism. Kafkaesque aesthetics, which is an important component of the philosophy of existentialism, stands out as the basic aesthetic element that determines the atmosphere and thus the cinematography in the cinema of the director. In this study, after discussing existential philosophy and Kafkaesque aesthetics, the effects of these structures on Tayfun Pirselimoğlu's cinema will be examined through his last two films, Yol Side and Kerr. The philosophical background, dialogue, plot, cinematography that emerges in the films will be analyzed by establishing the links between the philosophy of existentialism and Kafkaesque aesthetics.
The Digital Era Effect on Brand Image and Brand Communication: The Coca-Cola Case Studies
The Digital Era Effect on Brand Image and Brand Communication: The Coca-Cola Case Studies
(The Digital Era Effect on Brand Image and Brand Communication: The Coca-Cola Case Studies)
- Author(s):İsnur İnci Armutlu
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Communication studies, Marketing / Advertising
- Page Range:203-221
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Digital Era; Communication; digital media; marketing;
- Summary/Abstract:The present article comprehensively discusses brand image and its role in advertising. The introduction explains the definition of brand image and its importance for companies and brands. In addition, the role of social networks in building brand image in the changing and transforming digital age is explored. Then, the impact of digital advertising on brand image is discussed and the role of digital media and experiential marketing in the success of creating a positive brand image is explained by analyzing the case studies of the "Share a Coke" advertising campaign of the Coca-Cola brand and another local campaign in Turkey, "Bir Başkayız Biz". Finally, some specific effects of these campaigns on Coca-Cola's brand image are explored.
Elektronik Sivil İtaatsizlik Bağlamında Hacktivizmin Meşruluğu Üzerine
Elektronik Sivil İtaatsizlik Bağlamında Hacktivizmin Meşruluğu Üzerine
(On The Legitimacy of Hacktivism in The Context of Electronic Civil Disobedience)
- Author(s):Özlem Çetin Öztürk
- Language:Turkish
- Subject(s):Media studies, Civil Society, Politics and communication, Criminology
- Page Range:223-243
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:electronic civil disobedience; Hacktivism; digital systems;
- Summary/Abstract:As digital tools have been used to protest and influence policy, activists' repertoire of collective action has changed. Hacking is one of the forms of action used by activists. The use of hacking as an activist tactic with a political motivation is called hacktivism. However, as the act of hacking crosses legal boundaries, the legitimacy of hacktivism and the contexts in which it can be understood as an acceptable form of activism are debated. Some studies of the legitimacy of hacktivism highlight the relationship between hacktivism and the concept of civil disobedience. The fact that civil disobedience is a type of action based on deliberate disobedience of the law for political and social reasons brings to the agenda that the illegal aspect of hacking can be treated as disobedience to the prohibition of access to digital systems. This has led to the conceptualization of hacktivism as a politically motivated act of hacking as electronic civil disobedience. This study examines the context in which hacktivism can be understood as a form of electronic civil disobedience and its legitimacy as electronic civil disobedience. To this end, the paper first discusses the conceptual treatment of hacktivism with historical examples and then discusses the theoretical treatment of civil disobedience in the context of its legitimacy. Finally, the concept of electronic civil disobedience and the limits of evaluating hacktivism on a legitimate ground are revealed. Conceptually, the study argues that hacktivism, as the transfer of civil disobedience into virtual space on a legitimate ground, should be considered electronic civil disobedience.
Beyond Ritual: Exploring Organic Markets in Turkey
Beyond Ritual: Exploring Organic Markets in Turkey
(Beyond Ritual: Exploring Organic Markets in Turkey)
- Author(s):Merve Kaptan, Belma Yön
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Communication studies, Sociology, Environmental interactions, Financial Markets
- Page Range:245-263
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Turkey; organic markets; environment; communication studies;
- Summary/Abstract:Organic markets have quickly gained popularity and are now a promising subject of study for communication studies. As often repeated actions and behaviors are involved, consumers are engaging in conversation with vendors and other shoppers, and carefully selecting items to purchase. Moreover, these actions can take on symbolic significance as they represent a commitment to healthy, sustainable living and a connection to nature and the environment. This study aims to bring on factual and interpretative answers to the above questions by discussing whether visiting organic marketplaces has a ritualistic aspect. The French anthropologist Marc Augé’s definition of ritual is taken as a reference point of our discussion. To explore whether Augé’s definition of ritual is applicable to the organic markets in Turkey, our research methodology is based on in-depth interviews and participant observations with the consumers and vendors of the Feriköy organic market.
From Targeted to Pervasive Surveillance: The Rise of Anti-Surveillance Activism against Twin Big Brothers
From Targeted to Pervasive Surveillance: The Rise of Anti-Surveillance Activism against Twin Big Brothers
(From Targeted to Pervasive Surveillance: The Rise of Anti-Surveillance Activism against Twin Big Brothers)
- Author(s):Ulaş Başar Gezgin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Media studies, Civil Society, Sociology, Politics and society, Criminology
- Page Range:265-280
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:surveillance; Surveillance Activism; Twin Big Brothers;
- Summary/Abstract:This article consists of 3 sections: The first section offers an introduction to the major notions of surveillance studies such as surveillance society, privacy, transparency etc. It is argued that the so-called ‘liberal democracies’ are no longer so liberal when it comes to surveillance. Pervasive surveillance by twin big brothers (ie states and corporations) over all the people are justified on the basis of crime prevention, security, terrorism or profit maximization. In the wake of Snowden revelations that magnified and even confirmed the suspicions about surveillance, anti-surveillance movements have been in the making. They are still weak and quite fragmented, as it is rare to see that democracy movements busy with their other priorities are interested in data justice issues. So we have a set of suggestions for anti-surveillance activism. Thirdly, we tried to reflect on alternatives to mass surveillance. As it is considered to be inevitable, we need to think about how to transform it and transform to what. Burgeoning notions such as sousveillance, equiveillance and coveillance are discussed within this context. We propose that anti-surveillance movements in a more socially conscious form should join hands with wider social justice movements via the notion of data justice.
Datagraphy as Historiography of Big Data: Taking Account of Unintentional and Intentional Misrepresentations by Twin Big Brothers and Expert Data Producers
Datagraphy as Historiography of Big Data: Taking Account of Unintentional and Intentional Misrepresentations by Twin Big Brothers and Expert Data Producers
(Datagraphy as Historiography of Big Data: Taking Account of Unintentional and Intentional Misrepresentations by Twin Big Brothers and Expert Data Producers)
- Author(s):Ulaş Başar Gezgin
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Media studies, Communication studies, Sociology
- Page Range:281-298
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Big Data; Twin Big Brothers; misrepresentations;
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this article is to classify misrepresentations in big data. There are three major sources of misrepresentations: Unintentional misrepresentations by surveilling governments and corporations (we call them as ‘the twin big brothers’) such as recording errors and sampling biases, Intentional misrepresentations by the twin big brothers such as distortions and manipulations, Intentional self-misrepresentations by data producers (i.e. internet users, consumers and citizens) such as faking data to protect oneself from harms to be inflicted by the health system or to protect right to privacy. This is a critical thought paper. Thus the methodology consists of philosophical discussions. The analyses in this article bring forth a new way to classify misrepresentations in big data, the notion of twin big brothers, the proposal to develop a new research area, datagraphy, and the notion of omniresistance. Against the big data optimists, this article clearly shows that the big data are corrupt from the very beginning due to the conditions set by surveillance capitalism. This article brings forth new concepts and conceptualizations with regard to big data. It is expected that it will move other researchers to reflect on and develop further the new ideas presented in this work.