L’Europe centrale face à la pandémie de Covid-19. De la transformation anthropologique vers la recomposition géopolitique
Central Europe Facing COVID-19 Pandemic. From the Anthropological Transformation Towards the Geopolitical Recomposition
Contributor(s): Kinga Torbicka (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences, Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
Published by: Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; Central Europe; geopolitics; economics; society
Summary/Abstract: The second volume of the PLURALITÉS EUROPÉENNES series is a collection of fifteen texts written by scientists from European research centres, who analyze changes which occured in Central Europe under the influence of COVID-19 pandemic in the geopolitical, social and economic situation and who show how science responded to the pandemic crisis.
Series: Pluralités européennes
- E-ISBN-13: 978-83-235-5762-3
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-235-5754-8
- Page Count: 230
- Publication Year: 2022
- Language: French
Pandémie de Covid-19 dans une perspective des sciences de la nature
Pandémie de Covid-19 dans une perspective des sciences de la nature
(Covid-19 pandemic from a natural science perspective)
- Author(s):Aneta Afelt
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:16-31
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:SARS-CoV-2; pandemic; coronavirus; socio-ecosystem niche; Anthropocene; epidemiological risk
- Summary/Abstract:The SARS-CoV-2 virus is the third human coronavirus detected in the 21st century. It was only a few weeks between the first cases of atypical severe respiratory disease in Wuhan, China (late 2019), and the identification of the virus, its genetic structure and the development of a PCR test (January 2020). What processes and mechanisms at the interface between nature and human activities are responsible for the emergence of the new coronavirus? How was it possible that the virus has spread among humans so quickly? Is the spread of the virus limited to the human population only? How do Anthropocene conditions favor pathogens such as SARS CoV-2? From a scientific point of view, the emergence of a new coronavirus is not surprising.
Comment concevoir le discours expert lors de la pandémie de Covid-19
Comment concevoir le discours expert lors de la pandémie de Covid-19
(How to design expert discourse during the Covid-19 pandemic)
- Author(s):Alicja Jaworska
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:32-39
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:expert; discourse; science; legitimacy; trust; pandemic
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter aims to provide some elements of the definition of expert discourse during the Covid-19 pandemic from the point of view of the French school of discourse analysis. The expert discourse would be one of the elements in the construction of this media event (Moirand 2007); it would be the one that comes from the legitimate expert or the one that results from the expertise activity. But at the same time, it is subordinated to the conditions of media communication (Charaudeau 2005; Garric, Léglise 2012). The fragments of expert discourse are chosen by the media not to transmit knowledge, but to construct content corresponding to different aims. The figure of expert, whose legitimacy comes from social relations of authority, from the distinction between what is scientific and what is ordinary, as well as his credibility are built in discourse.
Face à l’infodémie sur la Covid-19: fact-checkeurs vs fake news en France et en Pologne
Face à l’infodémie sur la Covid-19: fact-checkeurs vs fake news en France et en Pologne
(Facing the Covid-19 infodemic: fact-checkers vs fake news in France and Poland)
- Author(s):Szymon Łucyk
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:40-47
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:fake news; infodemic; media; fact-checking; pandemic; Poland
- Summary/Abstract:Since the beginning of 2020, on a daily basis thousands of information on Covid-19 are broadcast, including a large number of fake news, especially in social media. How do the traditional media (radio, television, newspapers) react to the “infodemic”? Are the journalists well prepared to this invasion? Are they able to effectively defend the scientific knowledge? Firstly, the distinction must be made between fake news (as a “fabricated” information) and simply inaccurate or exaggerated news. Secondly, some exemples of fake news in France are given, as well as different ways of fighting with them, such as: the developement of the factchecking sections and websites on the initiative of the high-quality media (AFP, Le Monde, Liberation and others). Finally, the focus is on the growing activity of new fact-checkers in Poland like the websites demagog.org.pl, OKO. Press or Fake Hunter PAP.
La présence de la pandémie dans la presse féminine en Pologne en 2020
La présence de la pandémie dans la presse féminine en Pologne en 2020
(The presence of the pandemic in the women's press in Poland in 2020)
- Author(s):Natalia Walkowiak
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:48-56
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:pandemic; women’s press; qualitative analysis; journalistic genre; politics; experts advices
- Summary/Abstract:The pandemic has changed people’s everyday life. According to research carried out by CBOS in January 2021, over 65% of Polish society is afraid of infection. It is therefore not surprising that the topic of coronavirus has also completely dominated the media discourse. In her research, the author focused on the image of pandemic in the Polish women’s magazines. This segment is an important element of media system in Poland and accounts for approximately 20% of the entire magazine market. The aim of the research was to show how women’s magazines communicate the issue of pandemic. For the study, the author has chosen two titles, which are the sales leaders in their segments: «Twój Styl» (luxury magazines) and «Kobieta i Życie» (guidance magazines).
La vie quotidienne au temps de la pandémie – présentation de l’étude
La vie quotidienne au temps de la pandémie – présentation de l’étude
(Daily life in the time of the pandemic – presentation of the study)
- Author(s):Małgorzata Kubacka, Agnieszka Stamm, Piotr Luczys
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:57-73
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Covid-19; pandemic; everyday life; Poland; collective memory; social image
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of the chapter is to present the research project “Everyday life during a pandemic” initiated by a team of sociologists from the University of Adam Mickiewicz in Poznań. The paper consists of two main parts. In the first one, we briefly recall Polish research on the issues of everyday life during the pandemic. In the second one, the applied methodological perspective and research assumptions are presented along with the discussion on the main results of our research carried out on the everyday life of Poles during the pandemic.
Ils ont besoin de quelqu’un qui les regarde
Ils ont besoin de quelqu’un qui les regarde
(They need someone to watch them)
- Author(s):Afrodyta Weselak
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:74-88
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:theater; artistic activities; closing of theaters; digitization of national and European heritage; theater and social media; pandemic
- Summary/Abstract:Pandemic 2020 caused the shuttering of theaters. The article provides a historical overview of theater closures in previous centuries and presents new behaviors among actors. It describes the tendency to present performances online even if the theater's identity is to play with an audience. Social media has been used in the process, but the problem of digitizing European heritage was discussed years before the pandemic, also by the European Commission.
Le Groupe de Visegrád: perspectives et dynamiques dans la crise sanitaire de la Covid-19
Le Groupe de Visegrád: perspectives et dynamiques dans la crise sanitaire de la Covid-19
(The Visegrád Group: prospects and dynamics in the Covid-19 health crisis)
- Author(s):Maxime Belin
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:90-99
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Visegrad Group; geopolitics; rule of law; populism; Central Europe; sanitary crise
- Summary/Abstract:The great crises of the past have had the endogenous characteristic of allowing major geopolitical changes: will the Covid-19 crisis be an exception? This chapter will focus on demonstrating that, despite the uncertainty, the countries of the Visegrad group adopt two attitudes by constraint or opportunism. States are innovating in the adoption of policies while relying on geopolitical achievements to reassure themselves.
La géopolitique de la Pologne face à la pandémie de Covid: le temps de la consolidation ou un combat pour la survie?
La géopolitique de la Pologne face à la pandémie de Covid: le temps de la consolidation ou un combat pour la survie?
(Poland's geopolitics in the face of the Covid pandemic: time for consolidation or a fight for survival?)
- Author(s):Kinga Torbicka
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:100-122
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:Poland; geopolitics; Central Europe; Covid-19; region; security
- Summary/Abstract:Poland, like the rest of the world affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, passed the first wave in 2020 and started the second wave, which turned out to be much more severe and dangerous. The political crisis as a consequence of the sanitary crisis influenced the internal situation of the country and its position on the international arena. In the region of Central Europe, Poland plays an important role as a co-founder and member of many economic, political and social initiatives. Will Poland manage to play the role of the leader of the entire region by reconstructing a new regional order in the post-Covid era in the new geopolitical world structure that is being shaped right before our eyes?
Crise sanitaire: une ironique opportunité pour Victor Orbán et Jarosław Kaczyński
Crise sanitaire: une ironique opportunité pour Victor Orbán et Jarosław Kaczyński
(Health crisis: an ironic opportunity for Victor Orbán and Jarosław Kaczyński)
- Author(s):Guirec Joubert
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:123-135
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Poland; Hungary; Covid-19; democracy; authoritarian regime; rule
- Summary/Abstract:Since their parties accessed to power, Orbán and Kaczyński both had a very clear agenda. They want to protect the sovereignty of their countries, to reaffirm the values they believe in, and to stay as independent as possible from the European Union, even if they still accept European expenditures.. Because the Covid-19 unexpectedly put our societies in danger, it required a quick and efficient political answer to avoid its spread across the populations. This chaotic and scary situation is the perfect opportunity for both men to justify and legitimate their political agenda. The virus spreads easily across the globe, they always wanted to keep control on their borders. The situation is always evolving so it requires an efficient answer, they always wanted to have the entire power without listening their opponents.
Le populisme polonais et la pandémie de Covid-19: représentation de la crise dans les hebdomadaires de droite
Le populisme polonais et la pandémie de Covid-19: représentation de la crise dans les hebdomadaires de droite
(Polish populism and the Covid-19 pandemic: representation of the crisis in right-wing weeklies)
- Author(s):Elodie Thevenin, Agnieszka Sadecka
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:136-150
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Covid-19; populism; Poland; populist discourse; right-wing press; media
- Summary/Abstract:The Covid-19 pandemic presents a great challenge worldwide on how to manage a global health crisis. While some governments have been more successful than others in trying to cope with the crisis, several politicians presented conflicting arguments in regard the spread of coronavirus. Between the implementation of harsh sanitary measures to the mistrust of scientific data and conspiracy theory, but also criticism against European and international organisations, the Polish public had witnessed different reactions from politicians vis-à-vis the use of science throughout the crisis. This chapter focuses on the representation of the Covid-19 pandemic in a selection of Polish weekly magazines close to the right-wing populist political coalition in power, United Right. We aim at investigating the construction of the Polish populist discourse on the Covid-19 crisis, focusing on how the crisis is represented, how the people – as the main recipient of populist discourse – is addressed, and finally how science is used.
Covid-19 du meilleur au pire: la gestion de crise à la tchèque
Covid-19 du meilleur au pire: la gestion de crise à la tchèque
(Covid-19 from best to worst: management Czech style crisis)
- Author(s):Zuzana Kotherová, Michel Perottino
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:151-163
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Czech Republic; Covid-19; Czech healthcare system; public health; Czech government; pandemic
- Summary/Abstract:This paper maps the Covid-19 pandemic evolution in the Czech Republic: from the “best in Covid” in spring 2020 through three heavy epidemic waves during autumn and winter 2020 to one of the most hit countries in the world in the spring season 2021 in terms of deads. The aim of this contribution is to let the reader understand better this Czech anomaly by studying two possible factors of this negative balance: the state of the art of the Czech healthcare system before the pandemic and political management of the crisis. The results of our article show that the Czech healthcare system seems to be financially stable and relatively well prepared for the potential crisis in terms of personal, technical, and medical capacities – even if situation in the public health is far from ideal. On the contrary, the competence of the Czech government in managing the Covid-19 pandemics remains controversial – for this reason, the pros and cons of the political management of the crises are discussed.
Géopolitique de la vaccination
Géopolitique de la vaccination
(Geopolitics of vaccination)
- Author(s):Florent Parmentier
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:164-179
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Covid-19; pandemic; vaccination; geopolitics; Visegrad Group; European Union
- Summary/Abstract:The chapter demonstrates the geopolitics of vaccination. First, we start by understanding how vaccination has become a geopolitical issue. Next, we consider the emergence of a European health actor during the crisis, through the pooling of vaccines, of which the countries of the Visegrad group have been witnesses and actors. Finally, we analyze the arrival of the Sputnik V vaccine in the context of a vaccine shortage, allowing us to test the relations of the States of the Visegrad group with Russia.
La pandémie de Covid-19, un outil discursif au service des objectifs géopolitiques de l’Initiative des Trois Mers
La pandémie de Covid-19, un outil discursif au service des objectifs géopolitiques de l’Initiative des Trois Mers
(The Covid-19 pandemic, a discursive tool at the service of geopolitical objectives of the Three Seas Initiative)
- Author(s):Sami Ramdani
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:180-194
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Covid-19; pandemic; Three Seas Initiative; International Monetary Fund; North-South Gas Corridor; Poland
- Summary/Abstract:The Three Seas Initiative (3SI) is a platform for political cooperation created in 2016 that brings together twelve Central and Eastern European countries. The objective of this organization is to address the gap in economic development with Western Europe and to strengthen regional resilience against actors such as Russia and China through the development of infrastructure in the sectors of energy, telecommunications and transport. In September 2020, the 3SI’s development policy was encouraged by a report from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which sees it as a solution for reviving the European economy following the Covid-19 pandemic. Consequently, the pandemic becomes an argument for the 3SI to attract capital to the projects it carries. However, the projects supported by the 3SI are not only structured by economic objectives but also by strategic objectives. We will illustrate the geopolitical dimension of the 3SI with a case study: the North-South Gas Corridor.
Les conséquences économiques de la crise actuelle
Les conséquences économiques de la crise actuelle
(The economic consequences of the current crisis)
- Author(s):Katarzyna Żukrowska
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:195-211
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Covid-19; pandemic; Poland; Polish economy; Central Europe; globalization
- Summary/Abstract:The chapter presents a certain classification of the consequences of the pandemic observed in the Polish economy. The analysis aimed to answer the following questions: (1) what can change as a result of the pandemic, and what will not? (2) what scenarios from an economist’s point of view can we draw for Poland for the coming months? (3) how will relations with the countries of Central Europe develop? Covid-19 and the solutions applied to curb the pandemic have a strong impact on the acceleration of certain inevitable changes in the economic sphere or in the technologies and organizational solutions used. This problem constitutes an area of analysis in its own right and leads to the presentation of scenarios for the future.
Politique d’innovation face à la pandémie
Politique d’innovation face à la pandémie
(Innovation policy in the face of the pandemic)
- Author(s):Joanna Czerna-Grygiel
- Language:French
- Subject(s):Economy, Sociology, International relations/trade, Security and defense
- Page Range:212-230
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Covid-19; pandemic; innovation policy; Poland; European Union; technology
- Summary/Abstract:The main reason of taking a look at the subject is an analysis of dependence between the development of the pandemic of Covid-19 and the innovation policy in Poland. It is also an attempt to estimate the efficiency of this policy in comparison to the founder countries of the European Union. There will be discussed questions such as the essentials of the recent innovation policy, its instruments, the innovation policy conducted before and during the pandemic and recent challenges of this policy both in Poland and in some chosen countries of the EU. The subject of this chapter inclines toward undertaking the problem of the innovation policy, as an analysis of the policy of the state in the area of innovation at the time of the access of Poland to the EU until the time when first Covid-19 infections appeared and during the development of the pandemic.