SOSYOLOJİDE POZİTİVİST KURAMIN TOPLUMSAL OLAYLARA YAKLAŞIMI, FELSEFİ VE SINIFSAL TEMELLERİ
PHILOSOPHICAL AND CLASS BASED FOUNDATIONS OF POSITIVIST THEORY AND ITS APPROACH TO SOCIAL EVENTS IN SOCIOLOGY

Summary/Abstract: In terms of methodology, there are three basic principal approaches of positivism that constitute the core of classical sociology theories in the 19th century. First, idealism forms the philosophical basis of positivis m. Second, positivism serves as a function of “protecting order” from which it emerged and absolutely opposes the social phenomena such as “ Finally, the positivist theory sees the relationships between social phenomena limited to the quantitat ive data and opposes the questioning of the social reality behind this image. The definite separation of "what happened" from "what should happen” blunts the tendency to question and criticize through the social events and phenomena from the very beginning The class based foundations of the positivist theory are also discussed in this study. The results reached accordingly show that the positivist theory is a philosophy of life of the bourgeoisie which had just established hegemony over the world in the 19 th century. Positivism inflicts a decisive blow on the efforts of the old feudal classes to regain political privilege; however, it prevents the opposition of the large segments of society based on labor against the capitalist world system.

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