Пол Грайс и машината на общуването
Paul Grice and the Communication Mechanism

Summary/Abstract: In this paper we present Paul Grice’s most influential insights on language. According to him, the analysis of linguistic meaning should be based on the speaker’s intention to produce an effect in their audience. And the process of understanding is analysed by Grice as consisting (generally) of the following components: i) X intends to produce an effect in Y by having Y recognise this intention; ii) Y recognises the intention of X and thus the intended effect is produced. These intentions lie at the core of all types of meaning distinguished by Grice: from the timeless meaning of an expression in a language to the specific utterer’s meaning on a given occasion. Since the conventional meaning of a sentence can differ from the utterer’s meaning on a given occasion, the notion of implicature is introduced as a way of explaining the connection between the two. The specific utterer’s meaning on a given occasion is, for Grice, the most fundamental form of meaning, having a logical priority over the timeless meaning. From this point of view, pragmatics is the framework in which natural language semantics should be examined in order to be better understood.

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