Vývoj opozice v Íránu a islámská revoluce (1941-1979)
Development of the Oppositional Forces in Iran and the Islamic Revolution (1941-1979)

Summary/Abstract: This study focuses on the period of Pahlavi Dynasty (1925-1979) with special attention to the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941-1979) and the formation and position of the oppositional forces. The author analyses the development of particular oppositional political streams during this period. He stresses the importance of the religious oppositional movements in Iran during the rule of the Pahlavi dynasty (1925-1979), both conservative and reformist streams. Nevertheless, there were also several secular anti-Shah political oppositional forces. The most relevant were Marxist streams and nationalists, in the same time there were formed various armed groups that covered different ideological streams from Marxists to mujahidins all against the Shah’s dictatorship. The final part of the article deals briefly with the fight for power during the Islamic revolution. The author interprets the causes of defeat of all opponents of the Khomeini and of the concept velajat-e faqih and analyses the successful drive for power by clerical oligarchy led by charismatic religious leader Khomeini. The result of the revolution in 1979 was not only \defeat of the Shah; the revolution was lost also for Marxists, nationalists and liberal democrats. Islamic revolution, however, also defeated very influential religious-political current of reformists inspired by the thinker Ali Shariati. Only shia elite united around ayatollah Khomeini gained the absolute power in the state.

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