Kamieną lietuv- turinčių žodžių darybiniai ryšiai
Derivational relations of words with the stem lietuv-

Summary/Abstract: The Lithuanian language, where derivation is one of the most common sources of new words and the major part of the vocabulary are derivatives, uses not only the place name Lietuva, but there are other related words that have different semantic and derivational relations. The object of the present article, dedicated to the centenary of the restoration of the Lithuanian state, is the derivatives with the stem lietuv- found in Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (LKŽe), supplement files of Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (LKŽPK), Data Directory of Neologisms (ND), and Corpus of the Current Lithuanian Language (DLKT). The analysis of 102 derivatives with the stem lietuv- (58 nouns, 17 adjectives, 20 verbs, 7 adverbs), the relations between them, and their usage particularities allowed to draw the following conclusions: 1. 9 words were derived from the place name Lietuva, 35 words were derived from lietuvis, which in turn were the basis for other derivatives of the further stages. The family mostly consists of derivatives of several stages: 1st degree derivatives (9), 2nd degree derivatives (39), 3rd (36) and 4th (18) degree derivatives. According to the part of speech the nouns are dominant: 34 suffix derivatives, 16 compounds, 4 prefix derivatives, 2 inflexional derivatives, and 2 derivatives of not settled system of derivation stages. 2. The data of Corpus of the Current Lithuanian Language (DLKT) revealed that some derivatives are part of the Lithuanian active vocabulary, are common and are quite frequently used, while others belong to the periphery of the vocabulary as they are known only from writings or are newly created (the usage examples of 28 derivatives were not found in the corpus). 3. The Lithuanian language not only uses derivatives incorporated in dictionaries but allows creating neologisms as well: 25 derivatives not incorporated in dictionaries were found in Data Directory of Neologisms and Corpus of the Current Lithuanian Language (DLKT). The meanings of all neologisms are easily understood from the context. Some derivatives incorporated in dictionaries have acquired new meanings. 4. Some new derivatives could be incorporated in dictionaries: Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language (LKŽe) could include the compound mažalietuvis, -ė, and the adjective lietuviakalbis, -ė could be included in Dictionary of the Standard Lithuanian Language. 5. Some derivatives with the stem lietuv- are related in terms of variation or synonymy: in total, 7 rows of derivational variants and 6 rows of derivational synonyms were formed and discussed. Sometimes the derivatives of different derivation degree are synonymous. The members of some rows of synonyms have a high degree of synonymity and substitution possibilities, but more often even semantically close derivatives have stylistic differences and / or the use frequency of derivatives varies.

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