Ruchy separatystyczne i dezintegracyjne przełomu XX i XXI wieku w Europie
Separatist and disintegrating movements at the turn of the 20th and 21st century in Europe

Summary/Abstract: The existence of separatist and disintegrating movements in Europe, hot spots and armed conflicts, argues that our continent is neither peaceful nor safe place. Even if we consider it the safest place on our planet. After 1989, democracy prevailed in Europe, in 1999-2013 the Central and Eastern European countries were included into the Western defence (NATO) and economic (EU) structures, with great hopes for the future. In the second decade of the twenty-first century completely different tendencies appeared in Europe. Separatist and populist movements intensified their activity in almost all European countries (Rostowska 2018).The article raises the following research questions:1. What is the source of separatist-populist movements?2. What is the basis of the revival of nationalism in European countries?3. Why is the policy of autonomous autonomy not working?4. What can be the result of the ethnic disintegration of other countries in Europe?The article uses the comparative method and system analysis. Analyzing the problem, the author came to the following conclusions: 1. There are problems in Europe that have led and may lead to wars. 2. No state can feel safe even if it is stable and democratic. 3. Extremist political parties and movements may destabilize the continent. 4. The only antidote in calming conflicts and eliminating separatist situations is a well-established and stable democracy. 5. European policy (EU) should be unambiguous and stable in this matter.

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