O przemianach pamięci oficjalnej w Europie po 1989 roku. Państwo a pamięć w Polsce i we Francji
On Changes in Official Memory in Europe after 1989. The State and Remembrance in Poland and France

Summary/Abstract: The 1990s and the latest decade have shown changes in European official remembrance discourses and remembrance cultures – in the east as well as in the west. Good examples are given by Poland and France, albeit their starting situations appear to be quite different. Although in Poland the process of de-nationalization of official remembrance started later (given a slowing down effect during the communist period), the secularization stream leads in both countries to a progressive replacement of the traditional figure of the fallen hero by that of the innocent (e.g. Jewish) victim. New initiatives by the so called ‘‘memory entrepreneurs’’ have caused a rivalry in remembrance – with regard to the official discourse as well as between victim groups – and put the state in the position of a ‘‘memory manager’’. The question about the possibilities for a harmonized remembrance culture in Europe is left open.

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