XIX. Yüzyilda Tirhala Sancaği’nda Çiftlikler
Farms of Trikala Sanjak in the 19th Century

Summary/Abstract: In the classical period of the Ottoman State, farms constituted the smallest agricultural unit. This socio-economic structure, based on family businesses, has a special place within the state soil system. The timar system was enabling the functioning and continuity of the farms within the state soil system. But with the deterioration of the timar system, the control of the state soil has been overtaken by private persons and large companies have begun to be established on these lands. This situation created an atmosphere for the strengthening of a number of civilian or military origin regional managers. In this way, during the periods when the central government lost its power in the provinces, local forces called "ayan" emerged. The increase of the power of the ayans prepared the ground for the formation of large farms. Thus, the classical period Ottoman farms and 19th century Ottoman farms are different from each other. In the classical period, farms were influential in many areas, such as the development of agricultural production in the area to which they were attached and the consolidation of the region's commitment to the state. But in the 19th century Anatolia and the Balkans (Karaosmanoğulları in Anatolia, Tepedelenli Ali Paşa farms in the Balkans, etc.) large farms emerged. After a while these farms took the form of farm villages. In the 19th century, the farms in Greece and Trikala Sanjak contributed to this formation. In this study, the income and expenditures of 19th century Greece Tırhala Sanjak farms and the agricultural products produced in these farms are discussed.

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