Znaczenie bliskości dla występowania efektu synergii w powiązaniach funkcjonalnych jednostek przestrzennych
Importance of proximity for a synergy effect in functional relationships between spatial units

Summary/Abstract: In this paper the author discusses the relationships between proximity dimensions and spatial units’ functional links, with particular emphasis on the synergies occurring in these relationships. The author tries to answer the question, under what conditions there is a synergy effect and what its connections with proximity are, as well as the conditions under which other proximity dimensions can effectively substitute for geographical (physical) proximity. The paper is a review of the results of research on various dimensions of proximity and their impact on spatial development. The author indicates that the modern type of economy − based on knowledge, innovation and creativity − will be beneficial for synergism. Geographical proximity can, in certain circumstances (especially in networks), successfully replace its other dimensions. There is no simple relation between the degree of proximity and the strength of the impact of synergies.

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