Consideraţii privitoare la evoluţia mişcărilor naţionale din monarhia de Habsburg (secolele XVIII-XX)
Considerations regarding the National Movements Evolution from the Habsburg Monarchy (18th - 20th Centuries)

Summary/Abstract: Broadly speaking, national movements from the Habsburg Monarchy, as part of the modernization process, are enrolled in an already defined European model and are based on certain common elements that take into account every nation’s efforts to obviate the basic shortfalls of one’s own national existence. Mainly, these comprised the lack of an autonomous policy, the inexistence or the feeble development of a written culture in one’s own language, as well as the existence of an incomplete social structure. These represent a historic process that unfolds on the long span of the historical time. It commences with the conscience crystallization regarding one’s own national identity, in the second half of the 18th century and proceeds along the next century with the political movements’ emergence that were based on the nationality idea. Eventually, notwithstanding the regional peculiarities and methods, it prompts the downfall of Austria-Hungary at the end of the 20th century second decade and the emergence of new national states on the map of Europe. The synthetic review endeavored particularly for the Czechs, Croats, Poles, Romanians, Serbs, and Hungarians departs from political-judicial statute differences, that resulted from the specific manner in which every province apart entered into the composition of the Habsburg Empire, as well as from the geopolitical situations occupied by certain nations from the empire, in order to follow by what means all these left their mark on the political programs of each national movement apart. Certain common traits are emphasized from the multitude of specific peculiar situations, together with the differences that, in time, led to the existence of certain profound disagreements between the national movements of the Habsburg Monarchy’s nations, whose final result was its collapse at the end of the First World War.

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