Cesarsko-królewskie gimnazja państwowe miasta Lwowa na drodze transformacji w gimnazja państwowe Polski Niepodległej 1914-1922
The Imperial-Royal public secondary schools in the city of Lviv and their transformation into the public secondary schools of Independent Poland [...]

Summary/Abstract: In retrospect, the outbreak of the Great War in the summer of 1914 must be recognised as a trigger that changed the education model in Galicia. The process of legal and administrative transformation of the education framework in Galicia started overnight. The purpose of the adjustments was to accommodate the system of teaching, upbringing, organisation of education and the work of schools (including secondary schools) to the needs of the monarchy which at that time was in the state of war. The transformation of the Galician education system reached its peak in the period of sociopolitical upheavals, which resulted from the fall of the Dual Monarchy as well as from the acquisition of the former Galicia by the newly reborn Polish State. After a careful analysis, it has turned out that scholars should study the transformation period as divided into three homogenous phases. The first of these stages began together with the outburst of the War in the summer of 1914 and lasted until the end of the Russian occupation of Lviv. The second one began together with the end of that occupation in July 1915 and lasted until the fall of the Dual Monarchy. The third one covered the period of the rebirth of Poland in November 1918. The most durable legacy of the Galician education model in the schooling system of Independent Poland consisted in the 19th century idea of basing the education of the young generation on the dominant position of an eight-form secondary school (gimnazjum). These schools were partially reformed after the programme debate which took place between 1919 and 1922. Therefore, the educational basis and the teaching personnel established before 1918 became the durable element transferred to the new generation. On the brink of the Great War of 1914–1918, i.e. in the summer of 1914, the Lviv centre of secondary education enjoyed the position of the largest centre of secondary education in Galicia. A variety of religions and nationalities represented by the pupils had become its hallmark. Lviv was also the centre of an ongoing debate about the role of upbringing and education in the life of a nation. The teaching staff of Lviv’s public secondary schools, consisting of distinguished pedagogues, had a significant impact on the results of education in those schools.

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