Eleştirel Güvenlik Çalışmaları Kapsamında Frankfurt Okulu ve Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Güvenlik Sorunlarına Eleştirel Bir Yaklaşım: Galler Ekolü
Frankfurt School in the Context of Critical Security Studies and a Critical Approach to Security Problems after the Cold War: Welsh School

Summary/Abstract: Security studies have been affected by the classical realism, which assumes core value of the security is threats and interests for a long time. However, towards the end of Cold War, concept of the security has been broadened and deepened by violence, risk and fright. So insecurity has been questioned not only by results, but also by reasons. This paradigm has caused to emerging of Critical Security Studies (CSS). CSS interests in the question of how to sustain security. Therefore, it scrutinizes what is the source of insecurity in international area firstly. This question leads to criticizing of meaning of the peace. Absence of the war and enmity is negative peace on the upshot. However, permanent security requires positive action to sustain stability. So, CSS has to gain different treat perception against classical approach on epistemological level. Additionally, CSS enriched political sciences beyond of the geopolitics and strategy, by the way of getting human to the center of security studies. Therefore, CSS take attention to the barriers on human potential via epistemological paradigm of the Frankfurt School. Frankfurt School has emerged after the First World War in Germany; it has dealt with in the prejudice and authority problems around Second World War and has given the concept of emancipation to the CSS. The meaning of emancipation is that the promotion of the happiness by getting rid of embarrassments and challenges. So, concept of emancipation caused to the enhancing of positive peace. Frankfurt School has impressed many academicians and security studies because of the concept and epistemological richness. The one of them is the Welsh School. This essay has shed lights on Frankfurt and Welsh School which analyzes the security problems by xenophobia and exceptionalism in Western World and which assumes its causes to the marginalization after the September 11 attack.

• Details
• Contents