Териториално разпространение на някои типове календарно-обредни песни в Северна България
The Territorial Distribution of Certain Types of Calendar-Ritual Songs in North Bulgaria

Summary/Abstract: It is the task of this article to establish the most characteristic song-types of the calendar-ritual songs in the North Bulgarian musical-dialect region, i.e. Christmas, Lazarus Day and “Butterfly” songs, and to establish the regions of their territorial distribution. The musical characterization of the song material is done with the aid of the comparative typological method, also depending on the method of linguistic geography, in this case the musical-dialectological method. The songs are classified on the basis of the genre to which they belong, individual song types being established within the limits of every genre. Typization is based on the common nature of the poetic text. Song types are determined by the forms of versification of the songs and by certain characteristic rhythmic schemata of the melodies. The structure of the verse and strophe, the musical form, the metrorhythmic structure, melodic and modal structure, etc. are examined within the limits of each song type. Through the rhythmic stylization rhythmic schemata are reached, having the function of models for a large number of songs. In the Christmas songs two song types are formed, the first of which is represented in three variants, in the Lazarus Day songs – six types, the first in two variants, and in the "Butterfly" songs – three types, the first also in two variants. With a view to tracing the territorial distribution of the individual types a melogeographic map of North Bulgaria has been made. The zones in which certain song types are well represented and the zones in which they are al most lacking stand out clearly in it. Thanks to the map it is possible to define the character of the folk songs in the region under consideration, and also the song types and sorts preferred in the three individual regions – Western, Central and Eastern – outlined by the Rivers Vit and Yantra. The Christmas and Lazarus Day songs are the most characteristic of North-Eastern Bulgaria. Almost all of their Song types are to be found here. The “Butterfly” songs are most widespread in Central North Bulgaria. This clearly proves that folk songs in a musical-dialect region are quite uniform. This is connected with definite historical, ethnical and other conditions, which have influenced the local musical culture of the population.

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