Armata operativă ţaristă de intervenţie în Imperiul Austriac şi în Transilvania la 1849
Tsarist operative Army of intervention in Austrian Empire and Transylvania In 1849

Summary/Abstract: The goals of our essay are to describe the structure and organization of the Russian military forces that interferred, in 1849, in the inner affairs and revolutions of the Austrian Empire, including the invasion of an operative army corps on the territory of the Great Autonomous Principality of Transylvania. The tsarist army is described in connexion with the corresponding Russian military glossary. Our investigation is based on documents from Russian archives, on military writings and publications of the 19th and 20th centuries, which are less known and practiced in the historical debates. From the general frame of the entire Russian army involved in the tsarist campaign in the Austrian Empire, by presenting the supreme military leadership, as well as the general structure and organization of the Russian army, the focus turns to a narrower perspective, referring specifically to the 5th tsarist infantry corps during its summer 1849 intervention in Transylvania against the Hungarian troops. The command over the highly important and decisive military operations in Transylvania was assigned to general adjutant Aleksandr Nikolaevich Lüders, commander in chief of the 5th infantry corps. Although leading a much smaller military force than those commanded by both marshal Paskevich, general commander of the entire Russian operative army in Austria, and general Rüdiger, commander of the 4th intervention corps in Hungary, the skillful general Lüders managed to play a crucial role in defeating the Hungarian troops in Transylvania. We analyse the order of battle, the tactical commanders, as well as the manpower of the 5th tsarist infantry corps. Not only the good strategy and superior manpower, but also the military training and experience ensured the victory of the Russian army.

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