Ewolucja procesów migracyjnych na Śląsku Opolskim w kontekście europejskim. Identyfikacja głównych tendencji na tle przemian demograficznych
Evolution of migration processes in Opole Silesia in European context. Identification of main tendencies in relation to demographical changes

Summary/Abstract: The article deals with the issue of some demographical changes in Europe that result in important outcomes for its economical development and increase of competiveness in the international arena. It is about decreasing fertility, ageing of population, and decreasing number of professionally active people. In many countries of the EU fertility rate diminished to the level that cannot guarantee rebuild of generations. In most of European countries the percentage of people over 65 increased. It means that they are at the stage of advanced demographical ageing. Similarly in Poland where, during the last 20 years, the pace of population growth was low. The problem of low birth rate will – according to forecasts – become deeper. An important factor of demographical changes are foreign migrations. In many countries of the Eastern Europe population increase is determined by the beyond EU countries immigrants’ influx. Because of this fact immigration is the way to stop further decrease of population rate in Europe. Next, in many countries of Western and Eastern Europe the mass migration directed to labour market of the western part of Europe, depths demographical problems of these countries. The character of foreign migrations in Poland have essentially changed after 2004. There have been some changes in the demo- graphical structure of migrants, as well as, in schemes of migrating, directions of leaves, and the spatial dimension of the phenomena. Because of the changes region al context of migration processes and migration policy created by the country and its instruments is given a new meaning.

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