Sztuka w perspektywie operacyjnego konstruktywizmu Niklasa Luhmanna
Art in Niklas Luhmann’s Operative Constructivism

Summary/Abstract: Niklas Luhmann’s constructivist concept of art has nothing to do with the constructivism of the early 20th century artistic avant-garde. Luhmann’s basic constructivist terms include difference, autopoiesis, second-order observation. ‘Difference’ relates to such opposites as ‘system’ vs. ‘surrounding’: the system of art developed as an entity different from the systems surrounding it (economics, politics, science, religion, etc.). ‘Autopoiesis’ is about self-creation: having established itself as distinct, the system of art operates according to its own rules, independently of its environment. ‘Second-order observation’, finally, implies that rather than asking what art possibly is (this being a first-order observation), Luhmann looks at how a first-order observer considers something (a piece of) art. In general, referring to art, constructivism is a structure of an awareness system, rather than a predication of an existing reality.

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