Produkcja na zlecenie i usługi outsourcingowe jako niekapitałowe formy produkcji międzynarodowej na świecie
Contract manufacturing and outsourcing services as non-equity modes of international production in the world

Summary/Abstract: Today the economic policy, which aims to enhance an integration of developing states and to enhance a transformation with global chains of the added value, has to give consideration to the foreign direct investments (FDI) but also to non-capital forms of Produkcja na zlecenie i usługi outsourcingowe jako niekapitałowe formy produkcji… international production. Hosting states has to consider a necessity to attract contract manufacturing, services outsourcing, contract farming, licensing and franchising as well as management contracts. The scale of the phenomenon is large; it is estimated that annual sales value amounts to 2 trillion USD, whereby foreign direct investments in the world amount to 1 trillion USD. The goal of the paper is the examination of use of the most popular non-capital forms of international production in the world as well as contract manufacturing and services outsourcing. To achieve the afore-defined goal the author examines available statistical data regarding the phenomenon in question and she tries to define factors which persuade entrepreneurs to select such a form of foreign expansion into a host state. A dominating role in terms of value of sales of contract manufacturing is assigned to capital-consuming lines, including electronics (business line) and a line dealing with production of car elements, while when it comes to time-consuming lines – clothes sector. The fact which is worth mentioning is that among some non-capital forms of production in the frameworks of contract manufacturing there were hired more than 12 million employees in 2010. In the automotive sector 30% of the world export volume of the car elements is manufactured in the frameworks of contracts for sub-supplies and 1 of total number of employees of this sector deals with the export. In case of work-consuming lines of business such as clothes, shoes, toys, the share exceeds 50%.

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