Europe between Christian Heritage and Religious Pluralism: The Challenge of European Islam
Europe between Christian Heritage and Religious Pluralism: The Challenge of European Islam

Summary/Abstract: This study examines the relationship between European identity and the growing presence of Islam in contemporary Europe. Drawing on theories of social identity, particularly the work of James D. Fearon, the article investigates whether Europe can still be understood as a Christian civilization in a context marked by secularization, demographic change, and religious pluralism. The first part analyzes the concept of identity and the historical role of Christianity in shaping European civilization. The second part explores the development of European Islam and evaluates the cultural and theological challenges generated by the increasing Muslim presence within European societies. Particular attention is given to debates concerning multiculturalism, secularism, religious symbols in public space, and ChristianMuslim dialogue. The article argues that although Christianity remains a foundational element of European historical identity, contemporary Europe can no longer be adequately described through exclusively Christian categories. Instead, European identity is increasingly shaped by the interaction between its Christian heritage, secular democratic values, and religious diversity. The study concludes that constructive dialogue and mutual recognition offer the most viable framework for peaceful coexistence and social cohesion in contemporary Europe.

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