SPÓŁDZIELNIE ENERGETYCZNE JAKO INSTRUMENT WSPIERAJĄCY ZRÓWNOWAŻONĄ TRANSFORMACJĘ RYNKU ENERGII W POLSCE
ENERGY COOPERATIVES AS AN INSTRUMENT SUPPORTING THE SUSTAINABLE TRANSFORMATION OF THE ENERGY MARKET IN POLAND

Summary/Abstract: Purpose | Determining the level of social and economic convergence in the context of digital transformation in selected European countries and its changes over time through the creation of country rankings. Research method | A composite development measure was calculated using various data normalisation methods. Additionally, the quality of the resulting classification was assessed using Kendall's rank concordance coefficient, which enabled the analysis of gamma convergence among European countries. The study was conducted for selected years within the 2004-2024 period, allowing for the evaluation of temporal changes. Results | Throughout the entire period under analysis, a statistically significant gamma convergence was observed among the examined group of countries. However, the convergence process weakened in 2016, as a result of the European banking crisis and the onset of a reflation phase following a prior period of deflation. It is worth emphasising that the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated digitalisation, which had a substantial impact on the dynamics of the gamma convergence process within the analysed group of countries. Similarly, the rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence technologies has also significantly influenced this process. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | The construction of a composite indicator of social and economic development in the context of digital transformation enables the ranking of countries based on selected metrics that meet the criteria of universality, variability, relevance, and stability.

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