EFEKTYWNOŚĆ POLITYKI PRZECIWPANDEMICZNEJ W PAŃSTWACH UNII EUROPEJSKIEJ
EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTI-PANDEMIC POLICIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

Summary/Abstract: Purpose | To assess the effects of the anti-pandemic policy implemented by the European Union in 2020-2021. Research method | The research method is data envelope analysis (DEA) with undesirable factors. The variables on the input side are the following: government expenditure as a percentage of GDP (pp change to 2019), health care expenditure as a percentage of GDP, on the output side: real GDP (%) and excess deaths per thousand inhabitants. Results | The DEA study showed that among the European Union countries, in 2020, the effective anti-pandemic policies were conducted by: Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg and Latvia, and in 2021 by: Denmark, Ireland, Luxembourg and Sweden. The least effective was Bulgaria with DMU 2.62 (38.2%) in 2020 and 2.11 (47.2%) in 2021, in the middle (median) of the list there were: Slovakia with DMU 1.34 (74.6%) in 2020, and Germany with DMU 1.17 (85.2%) in 2021. The Polish policy was effective by about 60% in relation to the effective EU countries. Originality / value / implications / recommendations | The article provides knowledge about the effectiveness of anti-pandemic policies and opens a discussion on the evaluation of the implemented policies based on facts and the possibility of comparing the degree of effectiveness of actions taken in a group of EU countries.

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