Przedsiębiorstwa społeczne w czasie kryzysów
Social enterprises in times of crisis

Summary/Abstract: The author’s research problem is the condition and activities of social enterprises (SE) in the face of crises caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. This research problem stems from the additional activities undertaken by SEs on behalf of recipients during the pandemic and refugees from Ukraine. The aim of the article is to verify the hypothesis that SEs depending on their condition, take aid actions more often than before the crisis. This problem was additionally examined using a research model that synthesizes the concepts of SE and the social market economy (SME). Two nationwide surveys of SEs were conducted during the pandemic from July 22, 2021, to October 29, 2021, and after the outbreak of the war in Ukraine from April 2, 2023, to July 31, 2023. The subject of the study was the condition and activities of social enterprises. Although the condition of SEs deteriorated as a result of the crises, they still undertook additional activities on behalf of recipients during the pandemic and refugees. The key conclusion is that SEs that experience the consequences of crises simultaneously minimize their effects by supporting sustainable economic development.

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