Human Development, Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability in Developing Asian Countries
Human Development, Green Technologies and Environmental Sustainability in Developing Asian Countries

Summary/Abstract: This study assesses the impacts of the human development index and environmentalrelated technologies on the ecological footprint (EF) in developing Asian countries using annual observations for the period 2000–2022. The econometric analysis employs robust panel data estimators, including the FGLS approach and the Dumitrescu–Hurlin (DH) causality method. The findings indicate that higher levels of human development and increased investments in green technologies significantly reduce the EF in developing Asian economies, thereby contributing positively to environmental sustainability. In contrast, economic growth is found to exacerbate environmental degradation in the sampled countries. The causality test further reveals a unidirectional causal relation running from the human development index, growth, and urbanization to the EF. Overall, the study highlights that, beyond conventional policy approaches such as reducing fossil fuel consumption and promoting renewable energy, investments in human development and green technologies perform a critical function in achieving environmental sustainability in developing Asian countries.

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