BARSELONA, AMSTERDAM VE BERLİN ÖRNEKLERİ ÜZERİNDEN AVRUPANIN ÜÇ BÜYÜK MARKA ŞEHRİNİN EKONOMİK REKABET GÜCÜNÜN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI İNCELENMESİ
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ECONOMIC COMPETITIVENESS OF THREE MAJOR EUROPEAN BRAND CITIES: BARCELONA, AMSTERDAM, AND BERLIN

Summary/Abstract: City branding has become a fundamental strategic tool for enhancing urban competitiveness in the context of globalization. This study examines three representative brand cities in Europe: Barcelona, Amsterdam, and Berlin. Using comparative analysis, it systematically compares the economic competitiveness of these three cities across dimensions such as attractiveness for foreign direct investment, level of entrepreneurial ecosystem development, economic contribution of tourism, and global brand awareness. The results show that despite significant differences in historical background, geographical location, and economic scale, all three cities have achieved continuous improvement in economic competitiveness by developing unique city branding strategies. This study is expected to provide theoretical guidance and policy reference for city branding practices in developing economies.

• Details
• Contents