Blockchain Applications in Occupational Fraud Prevention: A Structured Literature Review
Blockchain Applications in Occupational Fraud Prevention: A Structured Literature Review

Summary/Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how blockchain technology can mitigate occupational fraud in financial service enterprises within emerging markets, with a particular focus on mid-sized institutions in South Africa. Design/Methodology/Approach: A systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus and ScienceDirect databases. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2016 and 2025 were selected through predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and thematic analysis was applied to synthesise findings from 36 studies. Findings: The review revealed that weak internal controls continue to drive occupational fraud, especially corruption, asset misappropriation, and financial statement fraud. Blockchain offers advantages such as real-time auditability and improved transaction traceability. However, regulatory uncertainty, integration costs, and heightened cybersecurity requirements remain barriers to widespread adoption. Practical Implications: The findings suggest that blockchain can complement existing fraud risk management systems by enhancing organisational transparency, accountability, and operational resilience. Financial service providers in emerging markets can benefit from integrating blockchain within context-specific regulatory and technological frameworks. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on blockchain and fraud prevention by focusing on its applicability to financial institutions in emerging economies. In this context, empirical research remains limited. Paper Type: Research Paper

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