Divdabja teicieni ar nelokāmo divdabi -ot(ies) „Latviešu valodas sintaktiski marķētajā korpusā”
Participle clauses with an indeclinable participle in -ot(ies) in „Latvian Treebank”

Summary/Abstract: Participle clauses are among the most common types of secondary predicates, separated by punctuation marks, and participle clauses with an indeclinable participle ending in -ot(ies) are particularly popular. When forming these constructions in Latvian, several aspects have to be considered: (1) a clear agent of the action performed by the indeclinable participle; (2) the action performed by the participle is simultaneous with the matrix clause; (3) this participle clause has certain semantic relation to the matrix clause (Lokmane 2006, 223–224). There are several studies on the syntactic and pragmatic functions of these participles (e.g., Lokmane 2006; Kalnača, Lokmane 2018b; Jansone 2024), and it is repeatedly pointed out that the use of these participle clauses does not always conform to the principles of standard Latvian, as it may obscure the semantics of the sentence and the coreference relation between the action and its subject (Kalnača, Lokmane 2018b), even if all these aspects are taken into account. In this study, more than 1500 sentences containing participle clauses with an indeclinable participle in the Latvian Treebank are classified according to the realisation of the controller – two broader classification groups are divided (sentences with an explicit controller and sentences without it) with several subgroups, and a statistical overview of the realisation of the controller is given. In addition, the syntactic and semantic structure of these sentences is analysed.

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