ORGANIZACIJSKI MODELI KRIZNOG MENADŽMENTA: UZROCI I POSLJEDICE INSTITUCIONALNIH RIZIKA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI
ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS OF CRISIS MANAGEMENT: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF INSTITUTIONAL RISKS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Summary/Abstract: This review paper analyzes organizational models of crisis management and institutional risks in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), with the aim of identifying the root causes of systemic weaknesses and their consequences for the effectiveness of crisis response. The theoretical framework encompasses the concept and dimensions of crisis management, the distinction between risk management and crisis management, as well as the key concepts of resilience, adaptability, and institutional coordination. Centralized, decentralized, and hybrid crisis-management models are examined, with examples drawn from international practice (the United States, the European Union, Germany, Slovenia, and Croatia). Special attention is devoted to the specificities of BiH, including its complex constitutional and legal structure, fragmented jurisdictions, and persistent coordination challenges at the state, entity, and local levels. Case studies of the 2014 floods, the 2018–2021 migration crisis, and the COVID-19 pandemic illustrate the practical implications of institutional inefficiency. The findings indicate that institutional risks in BiH result in slow decision-making processes, increased vulnerability of the population and critical infrastructure, erosion of public trust, and reputational risks at the international level. Based on comparative analysis with international practices, the paper provides recommendations for improving organizational models of crisis management in BiH. Key measures include strengthening coordination bodies, establishing integrated information systems, enhancing training and professionalization of personnel, and fostering international and regional cooperation. The paper concludes that institutional reforms in the field of crisis management are not merely a technical requirement, but a strategic priority for the security, stability, and democratic consolidation of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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