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Walking Accessibility of Pharmacies in Large Cities: The Case of Łódź

Summary/Abstract: As public health institutions, pharmacies play an important role in the proper functioning of the healthcare system in Poland. The aim of the study is to identify the spatial pattern of pedestrian accessibility to pharmacies in 2022, using Łódź as an example. Four aspects of such accessibility were considered for the purposes of the study: (a) time to reach the nearest pharmacy, (b) percentage of people with access to a pharmacy, (c) cumulative accessibility, and (d) accessibility measured using the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area model (G2SFCA). Łódź was found to have a very good level of walking accessibility to pharmacies within 15 minutes from residence, but with significant differences depending on the type of housing. Almost 86% of multi-family buildings and collective accommodation facilities were located within 15 minutes of at least three pharmacies, while for single-family houses (including terraced and semi-detached), this indicator was 19%. The highest values of pedestrian accessibility, measured using the G2SFCA model, were found in areas with a large number of pharmacies and a small number of residents, such as the Stoki-Sikawa-Podgórze housing estate. Good walking accessibility to pharmacies, providing services such as vaccinations, can relieve the burden on the healthcare system. Within the city boundaries, there are places, such as the Wzniesień Łódzkich District, where the time to reach the nearest pharmacy exceeds 60 minutes.

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