OCZEKIWANIE JAKO STYMULATOR DZIAŁANIA. ANALIZA PRZYKŁADÓW REPORTAŻOWYCH RELACJI O SPOŁECZEŃSTWIE CZASU WOJNY
EXPECTATION AS A STIMULUS FOR ACTION: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON JOURNALISTS' REPORTS ON SOCIETIES IN WARTIME

Summary/Abstract: In the present article, the concept of expectation is used as the point of departure for a closer scrutiny of its multidimensional manifestations. The object of analysis is the attitudes and behaviors characteristic of a wartime society which are a stimulating factor in the rise of new communities and new forms of social activity. The issues in question are discussed on two semantic planes: that of the experienced time and that of the future-anticipating activity. The study of relevant phenomena shows that a frequent response to unfulfilled expectations (or to ones that can hardly be fulfilled) is starting a new, demanding activity and meeting new challenges which call for transgressive measures. The paper describes the sociological, cultural, and philosophical aspects of the phenomenon of expectation, on the one hand, and of actions aimed at overcoming helplessness, on the other. The analysis is conducted in reference to journalists' reports on wars of the turn of the 21st century: the Balkan War of the 1990s (Wojciech Tochman's Jakbyś kamień jadła, Wydawnictwo Pogranicze, 2002), the Syrian civil war (the Polish translation of Mike Thomson's Syria's Secret Library: Reading and Redemption in a Town under Siege, PublicAffairs, 2019), and the war in Ukraine (Jakub Maciejewski's Wojna: Reportaż z Ukrainy, Biały Kruk, 2022).

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