ЦИГАНИТЕ НА БАЛКАНИТЕ В ТИМАРО-СПАХИЙСКАТА СИСТЕМА НА ОСМАНСКАТА ИМПЕРИЯ (XV – XVII в.)
THE GYPSIES OF THE BALKANS IN THE TIMAR-SPAHI SYSTEM OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE (15TH–17TH CENTURIES)

Summary/Abstract: For centuries, Gypsies lived together with other ethnic groups in the multi-national Ottoman Empire. In Ottoman documents they are listed as an ethnic category separate from the two major groups of Muslims and infidels (Chris-tians). They are treated as a heterogeneous, hybrid and mobile population category at different social levels. We examine the period from the 15th to the 17th century and dwell only on in-dividual examples from different regions of the Balkans, delineating the place of the Gypsies in the Timaro-Spahian system. Linking the Balkan agrarian economy with the traditions of the Ottoman military system also included the Gypsies to turn them into a productive source of income and human resourc-es. Both the nomads and the settled are subject to the general norms. They are in the hass, timars, waqfs, both in the villages and in the cities. Fiscal documents also provide more specific information on how Gypsies, settled or wandering, are covered in the tax system.

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