Od zależności od Unii Europejskiej do zależności od Chin. Polityka energetyczna Rosji od 2007 do 2023 roku
From dependence on the European Union to dependence on China. Russia's energy policy from 2007 to 2023

Summary/Abstract: Between 2007 and 2023, Russia's energy policy underwent a great transformation, shifting from a strong dependence on the European Union (EU) to an increasing reliance on China. Initially, the EU was Russia's primary trading partner for energy resources such as crude oil and natural gas. However, geopolitical tensions—particularly following the 2014 annexation of Crimea and the 2022 invasion of Ukraine caused Western sanctions and led to a strategic reorientation of Russian exports toward Asian markets, especially China. This article analyzes the geopolitical, economic, and strategic drivers of this transition. Using export data and GDP correlations, it shows how global crises, market volatility, and internal economic mechanisms shaped Russia's export structure. The increasing importance of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and coal, alongside traditional fossil fuels, is explored in the context of China's growing demand. The conclusion confirms the research hypothesis: from 2007 to 2023, Russia's energy policy evolved from heavy EU dependence to growing dependency on China, that was driven by sanctions and the pursuit of alternative markets. The article also examines the long-term strategic implications of this pivot for Russian economic stability and geopolitical positioning.

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